• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 1980

The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of sulpyrin on the absorption, excretion, metabolism, and protein binding of ampicillin in the small intestine of the rats and rabbits. The results are as follows; The absorption of ampicillin in small intestine of rats was increased by the combination of sulpyrin and ampicillin. The blood level of ampicillin in rabbits was elevated by oral administration of sulpyrin. The bioavailability of ampicillin was increased by simultaneous administration of sulpyrin and ampicillin. The urinary excretion of ampicillin was slightly decreased by combined administration of sulpyrin. The blood level of ampicillin was decreased and the urinary excretion was increased by long term administration of sulpyrin. On the other hand, metabolising enzyme of ampicillin was influenced by long term administration of sulpyrin. Protein binding rate of ampicillin was decreased by combination of sulpyrin as compared with control.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2015

${\beta}$-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain, and their administration to livestock may provide economic benefits by increasing growth rate and feed efficiency. For these reasons, ${\beta}$-agonists are also commonly added to livestock feed as growth promoters. This can introduce a significant risk of secondary human poisoning through intake of contaminated meat. A new method for the simultaneous determination of three ${\beta}$-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol) was developed in this study and applied to various meat samples. The limits of quantification, derived through a validation test following Codex guidelines, were $0.2{\mu}g/kg$ for clenbuterol and zilpaterol, and $0.4{\mu}g/kg$ for ractopamine. The average recoveries for clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol ranged from 109.1% to 118.3%, 95.3% to 109.0%, and 94.1% to 120.0%, respectively. The recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) values fell within the acceptable range according to the Codex guidelines. This method reduced the analysis time without decreasing detection efficiency by modifying the pretreatment steps. This method could be utilized to manage the safety of imported meat products from countries where zilpaterol use is still permitted, thereby improving public health and preventing ${\beta}$-agonist poisoning due to secondary contamination.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2010

High performance liquid chromatographic method with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) has been performed for the simultaneous determination of four marker constituents, paeoniflorin, trans-cinnamic acid, schisandrin and glycyrrhizin in traditional herbal medicinal preparation, So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT). The presence of paeoniflorin, trans-cinnamic acid, schisandrin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard, UV spectrum and ESI mass spectrum. All four compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.998) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 3% and the limits of detection (LOD) were less than 30 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was 94.1-113.0% with RSD values less than 3.0%. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial SCRT products.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.650-655
• /
• 2012

This purposes of this study were to explain consumer attitudes and purchasing behaviors towards agricultural products using a social network service and to determine the influencing factors such as experience, technology ability, innovation, self-efficacy, perception of usefulness, perception of trust, attitude, purpose of purchase and individual characteristics on them. We analyzed the survey data set, using the 'logit model', 'simultaneous equation model', and 'LISREL-Type model' In this study, the results obtained are summarized as follows. The result for the comprehensive statement of "Trust" was the biggest influence on the purchase agricultural products using the social network service. Therefore, in order to expand agricultural e-commerce using SNS, trust should be to the fore of marketing and publicity campaigns, in order to promote and stabilize the market.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2007

A reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method with electrospray ionization and detection by mass spectrometry is described for the simultaneous determination of doxifluridine and its active metabolite 5-flu-orouracil (5-FU) in monkey serum. The method has greater sensitivity and simpler process than previous published methods with good accuracy and precision. A proper liquid/liquid extraction was used to extract simultaneously doxifluridine and 5-FU which has considerable difference in the polarity. Extracts were analyzed using LC/MS/MS providing a short analysis time within 5 min. The lower limit of quantification was validated at 10.0 ng/ml of serum for both doxifluridine and 5-FU. Accuracy and precision of quality control (QC) samples for both analytes met FDA Guidance criteria of ±15% for average QC accuracy with coefficients of variation less than 15%. The method will be applicable for preclinical studies and bioequivalence studies.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 1995

This study is performed to find out the effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity. The experimental mice were divided into 6 gruops such as control group, cadmium alone treatment group, selenium treatment groups and two simultaneous treatment groups of selenium and cadmium. Mice were given intraperitoneal administration with two dosage of sodium selenite such as 1.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg body weight and cadmium chloride was administered 3.0 mg/kg body weight. After giving the challenge dose, the concentration of cadmium and metallothionein and histopathological change of liver and kidney were determined. The results were summarized as follows on 1. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in kidney and iiver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only(P<0.05). 2. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more increased metallothionein concentration compared to administration of cadmium only. 3. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more decreased cadmium concentration in urine compared to the administration of cadmium only. 4. When liver and kidney tissues were observed with optical microscope, no obvious changes were visible in those tissues.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2021

Probable human carcinogenic compounds nitrosamines, have been detected as by-product impurities in sartan pharmaceuticals in recent years which has drawn worries for medication safety. To provide a sensitive and effective method for the quality control of sartan pharmaceuticals, this study established a feasible gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 13 nitrosamines. The target analytes were separated on a DB-WAX Ultra Inert column (30 m × 0.25 mm; i.d., 0.25 ㎛) and were then subjected to electron impact ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The established method was validated and further employed to analyze authentic samples. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of the 13 nitrosamines were 15-250 ng/g and 50-250 ng/g, respectively, which also exhibited intra-day and inter-day accuracies of 91.4-104.8%, thereby satisfying validation criteria. Five nitrosamines, viz., N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, and N-nitrosopiperidine were detected at concentrations above their LODs in 68 positive samples out of 594 authentic samples from seven sartans.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.103-125
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 최근 물류시스템과 통신매체의 급격한 발달로 인하여 보편화된 가정 내 쇼핑채널을 연구함에 있어서 새로운 접근방법이 필요함을 제시하고 있다. 가정 내 쇼핑채널 각각에 구매의도에 대한 영향요인을 검토하는 채널중심 연구는 가정 내 쇼핑채널이 보편화된 현재에는 큰 의미를 가지기 어렵다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고객중심 채널연구의 필요성을 제기하고 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중과 이용다양성에 대한 고객특성과 쇼핑특성의 영향을 고객 중심적으로 검토하였다. 표본의 선택성을 고려하고 종속변수 간 인과관계를 모델에 반영하기 위하여 선택성을 가진 동시방정식 모델을 통하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 첫째로 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중과 이용다양성은 서로 영향이 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 둘째로 점포형 쇼핑채널 중에서 특히 백화점 이용이 증가할수록 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중은 감소하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 셋째로 고객특성 및 쇼핑특성은 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용다양성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2004

The objective of the present study was to determine whether ${\beta}$1-4 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and Candida kefyr combined with nitrate as manipulators could suppress rumen methanogenesis without nitrate poisoning in sheep. Four rumen fistulated wethers were allocated to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Nitrate (1.3 g $NaNO_3$ $Kg^{-0.75}$body weight) with and without GOS and Candida kefyr were administered into the rumen through fistula as a single dose 30 min after the morning meal. GOS and Candida kefyr were supplemented by sprinkling onto the feed and through rumen fistula, respectively. The four treatments consisted of saline, nitrate, nitrate plus GOS and nitrate plus GOS plus Candida kefyr. Physiological saline was used as the control treatment. Compared to saline treatment, the administration of nitrate alone resulted in a very marked decrease in rumen methanogenesis and an increase in rumen and plasma nitrite production and blood methaemoglobin formation consequently causing a decline in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and metabolic rate. When compared to nitrate alone, the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS decreased nitrite accumulation in rumen and plasma and nitrate-induced methaemoglobin, while retaining low methane production. However, GOS could not fully restore metabolic parameters reduced by nitrate. When compared to the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS, the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS plus Candida kefyr lowered rumen methanogenesis to a negligible level, but did not decrease rumen and plasma nitrite accumulation as well as blood methaemoglobin formation. Thus, these results suggest that combination of nitrate with GOS may be a potent manipulator to suppress rumen methanogenesis with abating the hazards of nitratenitrite toxicity in ruminants.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1989

While cisplatin has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, nephrotoxicity is one of the major problems which frequently limit clinical usefulness of cisplatin. This study has been conducted to investigate nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in terms of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (EFPF) measured by the simultaneous use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ and $^{131}I-OIH$, before and after administration of cisplatin, in 12 patients with lung cancer and four patients with esophageal cancer. Cisplatin was administrated at total doses of $75\sim100mg/m^2$ with two hour hydration and diuresis method. GFR determined by the use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ had a good correlation with 24-hour creatinine clearance rate (r=0.77, p<0.001). GFR and filtration fraction decreased immediately after administration of cisplatin, however, they showed a tendency to be in completely recovered four weeks after administration. ERPF was not changed immediately after and four weeks after administration of cisplatin. GFR before and immediately after administration of cisplatin were analyzed with regard to age, sex, performance status, previous adminstration of cisplatin and method of administration. None of these factors had any influence on the rate of decrease in GFR except method of administration. Administration of cisplatin as a single dose lowered GFR more compared with that as divided doses. In this study, we have also demonstrated that the simultaneous use of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ and $^{131}I-OIH$ was a useful tool for the measurement of GFR and ERPF respectively.