• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2017

Durability problems initiated from steel corrosion are unseen but critical issues, so that many researches are focused on chloride penetration evaluation. Even if RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to normal environment, chloride ingress varies with concrete surface conditions and exposed period. This paper presents an analysis technique for chloride behavior evaluation considering time effect on diffusion and surface conditions assumed as double-layered system. For evaluation of deteriorated surface condition, field investigation was performed for concrete pavement exposed to deicing agent for 18 years. In order to consider enhanced surface concrete, chloride profiles in surface-impregnated concretes exposed to chloride attack for 2 years from previous research were investigated. Through reverse analysis, effectively deteriorated/enhanced depth of surface and the related reduced/enlarged diffusion coefficient in the depth are simulated. The proposed analysis technique was evaluated to handle the chloride behavior more accurately considering changes of chloride ingress within surface layer and decreased diffusion coefficient with time. For the concrete surface exposed to deicing agent, the deteriorated depth and enlarged diffusion coefficient are evaluated to be 12.5~15.0 mm and 200% increasing diffusion coefficient, respectively. The results in concrete containing enhanced cover show 10.0~12.5 mm of impregnated depth and 85% reduction of chloride diffusion in tidal and submerged conditions.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.629-640
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 무한영역을 유한의 요소영역으로 표현하는데 있어서 가장 폭넓게 사용되는 점성감쇠기를 이용한 흡수경계의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 2차원 평면조화파동방정식을 이용하여 응력파의 경계면으로의 입사각에 따른 흡수경계조건을 최적화 하였으며, Miller 등이 제안한 반무한 탄성체에서의 주기하중에 의한 전파식을 최적화된 점성감쇠기를 이용한 흡수경계 조건식에 삽입한 후 방정식의 해를 직접 비교함으로서 해석적인 검증을 수행하였다. 또한 수치적 검증을 위해 유한요소법을 사용하여 Miller 등의 파진행 문제를 구현하였으며, 이때 흡수경계를 구현하기 위해 점성감쇠기를 부착시킨 수치모형에서의 변위와 파의 도달시간을 고려하여 반사파의 영향을 제거시킨 수치모형에서의 변위를 비교함으로써 흡수율을 산정하였다. 흡수율은 수치모형의 경계와 내부점에 대해 각각 산정되었으며 이를 통해 수치적 검증을 수행하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

본 연구는 거시적 교통류 모형 중 고차연속교통류모형(high-order continuum model)의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 이 모형은 연속류 구간을 대상으로 수행되었고, 그 첫 번째 단계로 유·출입 구간이 없는 차로감소구간에서의 교통류를 묘사하였다. 개발된 모형은 차로변경율을 고려하였으며, 짧은 구간에서, 단기간동안의 교통류 행태에 대한 묘사를 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형은 우리나라 연속류 시설의 기하구조조건과 운전자들의 운전행태를 고려하여 우리나라 실정에 맞도록 새롭게 적용하였다. 이를 통해 장래에 연속류 시설에 대한 교통제어 전략 수립이나 운영 체계 개선과 같은 교통공학적 관리를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 모형의 현장적용성을 알아보기 위해, 현장에서 관측한 자료를 가지고 모의실험을 하였다. 그 결과, 교통량, 밀도, 속도의 시간대별 변동을 비교적 충실히 구현해 낸 것으로 판단된다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

In this paper, the authors propose a new approach to control a barge type surface vessel. It is based on the Dynamic Positioning System(DPS) design. The main role of barge ship is to carry and supply the materials to the floating units and other places. To carry out this job, it should be positioned in the specified area. However sometimes the thrust systems are installed on it, and in general the rope control by mooring winch system is used. It may be difficult to compare the control performances of two types. If we consider this problem in point of usefulness, we can easily find out that the winch control system is more useful and applicable to the real field than the thrust control system except a special use. Therefore, in this paper we consider a DPS design problem which can be extended to the many application fields. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, the sliding mode controller (SMC) for positioning the our vessel is proposed. Especially, in this paper, a robust stability condition is given based on descriptor system representation. In the result, the sliding mode control law guarantees to keep the vessel in the defined area in the presence of environmental disturbances. And second, the thrust allocation problem is solved by using redistributed pseudo-inverse (RPI) algorithm to determine the thrust force and direction of each individual actuator. The proposed approach has been simulated with a supply vessel model and found work well.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.112.1-112.1
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• 2011

The back contact solar cell (BCSC) has several advantages compared to the conventional solar cell since it can reduce grid shadowing loss and contact resistance between the electrode and the silicon substrate. This paper presents the effect of the surface texturing of the silicon BCSC by varying the texturing depth or the texturing gap in the commercially available simulation software, ATHENA and ATLAS of the company SILVACO. The texturing depth was varied from $5{\mu}m$ to $150{\mu}m$ and the texturing gap was varied from $1{\mu}m$ to $100{\mu}m$ in the simulation. The resulting efficiency of the silicon BCSC was evaluated depending on the texturing condition. The quantum efficiency and the I-V curve of the designed silicon BCSC was also obtained for the analysis since they are closely related with the solar cell efficiency. Other parameters of the simulated silicon BCSC are as follows. The substrate was an n-type silicon, which was doped with phosphorous at $6{\times}10^{15}cm^{-3}$, and its thickness was $180{\mu}m$, a typical thickness of commercial solar cell substrate thickness. The back surface field (BSF) was $1{\times}10^{20}\;cm^{-3}$ and the doping concentration of a boron doped emitter was $8.5{\times}10^{19}\;cm^{-3}$. The pitch of the silicon BCSC was $1250{\mu}m$ and the anti-reflection coating (ARC) SiN thickness was $0.079{\mu}m$. It was assumed that the texturing was anisotropic etching of crystalline silicon, resulting in texturing angle of 54.7 degrees. The best efficiency was 25.6264% when texturing depth was $50{\mu}m$ with zero texturing gap in case of low texturing depth (< $100{\mu}m$).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2000

The atmospheric dispersion of a pollutant emitted from a hypothetical source located in the middle of the Yochon Industrial Estate was simulated by using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Four horizontally nested grids were employed: the coarsest one covered the southern part of the Korean Peninsula including Mt. Chiri and the finest one covered the Yochon Industrial Estate and the surrounding area. Wind fields were initially assumed horizontally homogeneous with a wind speed of 4m/s, the average for the Yosu area, and were developed without both external forces and diurnal changes in order to investigate the terrain-induced phenomena. Wind directions that could emphasize the terrain effects on the pollutant transport and that could carry pollutants to a highly-popluated area were selected for the dispersion study. A pollutant was released for 24hours from a grid-base volume source after a 24-h blank run for developing the wind field. The dispersion study showed that the pollutant from the present source location did not directly affect the Yosu City, but showed high concentrations at locations behind the hills 5 to 6 km away from the source according to wind directions. When the wind speed was low, close to calm condition, the pollutant was detected at upstream locations 6 to 7 km from the source. In comparison with the results from the RAMS simulation, the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Model(ISCST3) predicted a narrow dispersion that was sensitive to the wind direction. When the wind velocity was affected by the local environment, the ISCST3 calculation using that data also gave a lop-sided result, which was different from the distribution of the pollutant reproduced by RAMS.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

3D 게임그래픽 표현기술은 게임콘텐츠발전과 함께 콘텐츠 분야에서 중요한 요소가 되었다. 특히 게임 캐릭터 표현 기술은 사실적인 그래픽 기술과 시각적인 즐거움을 주는 것 이외에 게임을 진행하는 게임에 대한 몰입도의 중간 단계역할을 하며 플레이어가 마치 게임 속에서 영웅적인 모험을 즐길 수 있도록 착각을 만들어 낸다. 3D 게임에 있어서 게임캐릭터의 높은 완성도는 개발과정 가운데 캐릭터 설정작업의 세심한 디테일작업과 신중함이 주요요인으로 작용한다[3]. 본 논문에서는 게임구현을 위하여 인지적 AI 알고리즘이 적용된 3D 유니티 게임 엔진을 사용하여 radiosity의 수학적인 모델과 기본적인 radiosity 모델, 점진적 개선 radiosity 모델 기법을 방법론을 소개하고, 모바일 게임에 적용한 캐릭터 표현기법을 제안하려고 한다. 게임엔진에 실제적으로 적용하여보니 렌더링과정과 모의실험에서 표면의 투영도는 게임콘텐츠 환경의 조명도에 따라 변화됨을 발견 할 수 있어서, 전체적으로 질 높은 게임캐릭터가 완성되었음이 확인 되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.3277-3285
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• 1996

In this paper, w designed an opical power distribution device for application to an optical switching and an optical subscriber loop. We fabricated PSG thin film by LPCVD. Based on the measured index of fabricted thin film, rib-type waveguide was transformed to two-dimension by the effective index method and we simulated dispersion property to find asingle-mode condition. We found that the optimum design parameters of rib-type waveguide are:cladding layer of 3.mu.m, core layer of 3.mu.m, buffer layer of 10.mu.m, and core width of 4.mu.m. Each side of the guiding region was etched down to 4.mu.m to shape the core. We used these optimum parameters of the rib-type waveguide with branching angle of 0.5.deg. and simulted the Y-branch waveguide by the BPM simulation. Numerical loss in branching area was claculated to be 0.1581dB and equal to the total loss of the Y-branch. The loss of the fabricated Y-branch waveguide on PSG film ws 1.6dB at .lambda.=1.3.mu.m before annealing but was 1.2dB after annealing at 1000.deg. C for 10 minutes. Consequently, the loss of branching area from 3000.mu.m to 6000.mu.m in the z-direction was 0.8dB, and single-mode propagation was confirmed by measuring the near field pattern. For coupling the fabricated Y-branch waveguide with an optical fiber, we fabricated V-groove which was used as the upholder of optical fiber. An etching angle was 54.deg. and the width and depth of guiding groove was 150.mu.m, 70.mu.m, respectively. The optical fiber is inserted onto V-groove. Both the Y-branch and V-groove were connected through the index matching oil. Coupling loss after connecting Y-branch and the optical fiber on V-groove was 0.34dB and that after injecting index mateching oil was 0.14dB.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1996

일반 및 특정폐기물 매립지에서 복토층의 중요성은 매립지의 바닥층 만큼 강조되지는 않는 것 같다. 그러나 실제로 매립지의 파괴 원인중에 가장 커다란 영향을 미치는 것은 복토층 설치의 실패에서 온다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 복토층 기능은 우수를 지표면으로 유출증진하여 매립장 안으로 침투 억제시키며, 폐기물의 노출시 자연환경 위생에 대하여 완충작용을 하며, 매립지의 침하 및 침강을 억제하는데 있다. 본 연구는 겨울철 동결/융해에 따른 폐기물 매립지 최종복토의 거동을 수행하였으며, 폐기물 매립지에서와 같은 조건을 부여하기 위해 거대한 Lysimeter를 설치하여 실제로 최종복토에 쓰여지는 물질로 세가지 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과는 동결/융해에 따른 점토층의 변화를 묘사하고 있으며 또한, 매립지에서의 동결깊이에 따른 복토층의 파괴는 점토의 물리 적, 공학적인 측면에 영향을 주며 이러한 영향은 매립지 설계시 고려되어야 한다고 본다. 본문은 실험에 사용되어진 복토층의 물질, 복토층의 묘사와 그들의 실험결과에 대한 결과분석 및 결론을 설명하고 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2007

CMBT(Curved Moving Boundary Treatment) is a newly developed scheme for the treatment of a no slip condition on the curved solid wall of moving obstacle in a flow field. In our research CMBT was used to perform LBM simulation of a flow over a moving circular cylinder to determine the flow feature and aerodynamics characteristic of the cylinder. To ascertain the applicability of CMBT on the complex shape of the obstacle, it was first simulated for the case of the flow over a fixed circular cylinder in a channel and the results were compared against the solution of Navier-Stokes equation with deforming mesh technique. The simulations were performed in a moderate range of reynolds number at each moving cylinder to identify the flow feature and aerodynamic characteristics of circular cylinder in a channel. The drag coefficients of the cylinder were calculated from the simulation results. We have numerically confirmed that the critical reynolds number for vortex shedding is ar Re=250 and the result is the same as the case of fixed cylinder. As the cylinder approaching to one wall, the 2nd vortex is developed by interacting with the wall boundary-layer vorticity. As the velocity ratio increase the third vortex are generated by interacting with the 2nd vortexes developed on the upper and lower wall boundary layer. The resultant $C_d$ decrease as reynolds number increasing and the Cd approached to a value when Re>1000.