• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4223-4238
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• 2011

The advantages of grouting are the simple instrument, the simple procedure of practice and the simple verification of grouting result. but the more grouting practice there is, the more damages of environment from grouting practice and grouting materials there are. so, the grouting materials and methods with the character of environment friendly are introduced in construction field, recently. This paper is to study of the physical characteristics that has thixotropic character and that consists of inorganic and polycarboxylate co-polymer. In study, various testing methods are performed such as a viscosity, a thixotropy, a compressive strength, a heavy metal detection and pH measurement in lab test and a low pressure injection test and a high pressure injection test in field with different soil type. As a result, a optimum mix ratio is proposed by analyzing the result of lab test. the field applicability is verified by checking a injection pressure, a grout volume and a hardened body of grout by excavating the practice site.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.5
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• pp.529-542
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• 2020

As limited well-documented experimental data are available for assessing the attributes of different deformation components of flanged walls, few appropriate models have been established for predicting the inelastic responses of flanged walls, especially those of asymmetrical flanged walls. This study presents the experimental results for three large-scale T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and examines the variations in the flexural, shear, and sliding components of deformation with the total deformation over the entire loading process. Based on the observed deformation behavior, a simple model based on moment-curvature analysis is established to estimate flexural deformations, in which the changes in plastic hinge length are considered and the deformations due to strain penetration are modeled individually. Based on the similar gross shapes of the curvature and shear strain distributions over the wall height, a proportional relationship is established between shear displacement and flexural rotation. By integrating the deformations due to flexure, shear, and strain penetration, a new load-deformation analytical model is proposed for flexure-dominant flanged walls. The proposed model provides engineers with a simple, accurate modeling tool appropriate for routine design work that can be applied to flexural walls with arbitrary sections and is capable of determining displacements at any position over the wall height. By further simplifying the analytical model, a simple procedure for estimating the ultimate displacement capacity of flanged walls is proposed, which will be valuable for performance-based seismic designs and seismic capacity evaluations.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.468-477
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• 2009

Purpose: Hydrodynamic-based procedure is a simple and effective gene delivery method to lead a high gene expression in liver tissue. Non-invasive imaging reporter gene system has been used widely with herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) and its various substrates. In the present study, we investigated to image the expression of HSV1-tk gene with 5-(2-iodovinyD-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU) in mouse liver by the hydrodynamicbased procedure. Materials and Methods: HSV1-tk or enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) encoded plasmid DNA was transferred into the mouse liver by hydrodynaminc injection. At 24 h post-injection, RT-PCR, biodistribution, fluorescence imaging, nuclear imaging and digital wholebody autoradiography (DWBA) were performed to confirm transferred gene expression. Results: In RT-PCR assay using mRNA from the mouse liver, specific bands of HSV1-tk and EGFP gene were observed in HSV1-tk and EGFP expressing plasmid injected mouse, respectively. Higher uptake of radiolabeled IVDU was exhibited in liver of HSV1-tk gene transferred mouse by biodistribution study. In fluorescence imaging, the liver showed specific fluorescence signal in EGFP gene transferred mouse. Gamma-camera image and DWBA results showed that radiolabeled IVDU was accumulated in the liver of HSV1-tk gene transferred mouse. Conclusion: In this study, hydrodynamic-based procedure was effective in liver-specific gene delivery and it could be quantified with molecular imaging methods. Therefore, co-expression of HSV1-tk reporter gene and target gene by hydrodynamic-based procedure is expected to be a useful method for the evaluation of the target gene expression level with radiolabeled IVDU.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2020

As the average life expectancy of human beings is extended in addition to the entry of the aging society, there is a tendency for the interest in the appearance of men and women in modern society to increase. The most external judgment of human aging is the wrinkles on the facial skin. People are undergoing various procedures to have clean, wrinkled, and resilient healthy skin. Many thread lifting procedures are being implemented because they tend to want simple and effective procedures during the procedure. In this study, in order to improve lifting effect in thread lifting, animal experiments were conducted to confirm the improvement of wrinkles by injecting RF high frequency and CO₂ gas into existing PDO suture procedures. The experimental groups consisted of natural aging groups, PDO treatment groups, groups with RF high frequency in PDO procedures, groups with CO₂ gas injected into PDO procedures, and groups with CO₂ gas and RF injected simultaneously into PDO procedures. The individuals in the natural aging group had an average wrinkle depth of 0.408mm before the procedure, and the average wrinkle depth of the 10th week was 0.68mm. The depth of wrinkles in the PDO treatment group averaged 0.384mm before the procedure, and 0.348mm on the 10th week after the procedure. The average crease depth of pre-procedure objects injected with RF high frequency in PDO was 0.42mm, and the average crease depth for 10 weeks was 0.378mm. The average crease depth of the CO₂ gas injected into the PDO was 0.4mm before the procedure, and the average crease depth was reduced to 0.332mm in the 10th week after the procedure. On average, the number of objects injected with CO₂ gas and RF high frequency in the PDO procedure decreased to 0.412mm before and 0.338mm in the 10th week after the procedure. The procedure of injecting CO₂ gas and RF into the PDO suture showed the highest reduction rate of 17.96%.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

Judgement post-stratification is a new sampling method developed by MacEachern et al. (2004). This article suggests that the judgement post-stratification method can be a good alternative for the simple random sampling when analyzing real-world environmental data. It becomes an important task to accurately measure the output of a recycling facility since the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) system takes effect on 2003. However, the total weight of materials processed in the recycling facility may not be a proper measure because the materials are frequently mingled with other non-recycling materials. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the mixture ratio of non-recycling materials among the total materials admitted in the facility. Unfortunately, the size of sample in a recycling facility is restricted due to the inconvenience of sampling procedure such as safety, odor, time and classification of non-recycling materials. In this article, we showed the relative efficiency of the judgement post-stratification method over the simple random sampling method for equal sample sizes using Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, we applied the judgement post-stratification method on the 2004 recycling data and showed that it can replace the simple random sampling even with smaller observations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3B
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• pp.259-267
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• 2009

Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is recommended for flood frequency and extreme rainfall distribution in many country. L-moment method is the most common estimation procedure for the GEV distribution. In this study, the relationships between the cross-site correlations between extreme events and the cross-correlation of estimators of L-moment ratios (L-moment Coefficient of Variation (L-CV) and L-moment Coefficient of Skewness (L-CS)) for data generated from GEV distribution were derived by Monte Carlo simulation. Those relationships were fit to the simple power function. In this Monte Carlo simulation, GEV+ distribution were employed wherein unrealistic negative values were excluded. The simple power models provide accurate description of the relationships between cross-correlation of data and cross-correlation of L-moment ratios. Estimated parameters and accuracies of the power functions were reported for different GEV distribution parameters combinations. Moreover, this study provided a description about regional regression approach using Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression method which require the cross-site correlation among L-moment estimators. The relationships derived in this study allow regional GLS regression analyses of both L-CV and L-CS estimators that correctly incorporate the cross-correlation among GEV L-moment estimators.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1993

Based on the turbidimetric response of protein with 50% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), this study aims to introduce an assay method for protein in solution. The standard procedure consists of mixing equal volume of sample solution (standard or unknown) with 50%-TCA solution and measuring the absorbance at 450 nm after 20 min. The absorbances of the solutions were almost stable over 120 min at room temperature. This assy method is simple, reproducible, and tolerant to many interfering substances. It can detect less amount than $10\mu$g/ml of bovin serum albumin. The assay method has low protein-to-protein variability over wide range of molecular weight.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

A simple procedure for the extraction of the lipolytic enzyme from rice bran has been developed. High activity of lipolytic enzyme was obtained by first defatting the rice bran to remove lipid components with various extraction conditions. Then, after rove cycles of aqueous extraction, rice bran lipolytic enzyme was purified using micro- and ultrafiltration apparatus. Lipolytic enzyme activity was estimated by its hydrolytic action of tributyrin. The result indicated that the standard activity curve of butyric acid showed that the potential rice bran enzyme is a hydrolytic lipase enzyme. In addition, it showed higher lipolytic activity and specific enzyme activity with further purification by micro- and ultrafiltration. The size of rice bran lipase enzyme was identified through 15 ％ SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the rice bran lipase enzyme was 41 kDa.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.5B no.3
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• pp.258-261
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• 2005

The Preisach model needs a distribution function or Everett function to simulate the hysteresis phenomena. To obtain these functions, many experimental data obtained from the first order transition curves are usually required. In this paper, a simple procedure to determine the Preisach density function using the Gaussian distribution function and genetic algorithm is proposed. The Preisach density function for the interaction field axis is known to have Gaussian distribution. To determine the density and distribution, genetic algorithm is adopted to decide the Gaussian parameters. With this method, just basic data like the initial magnetization curve or saturation curves are enough to get the agreeable density function. The results are compared with experimental data and we got good agreements comparing the simulation results with the experiment ones.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.4C no.2
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• pp.68-72
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• 2004

The performance of copper-tungsten for electrodes used in an ultra high voltage interruption system was evaluated by means of an interruption test, which requires a large-scale apparatus and high cost. In this study, prior to the interruption test, the characteristics of a Cu-W electrode were estimated through the DC arc test, which is a simple, low cost procedure. The DC arc characteristics of a 20wt%Cu-80wt%W electrode were investigated with the change of tungsten powder size distribution and the addition of nickel. In specimens containing a high volume fraction of large sized tungsten particles, the relative density and hardness of sintered Cu-W electrodes increased while the electrical conductivity and the DC arc resistance decreased. Furthermore, the relative density became enhanced with the increase of the amount of nickel while the hardness and electrical conductivity diminished and the DC arc resistance worsened.