• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.11 no.4 s.42
• /
• pp.231-241
• /
• 2006

When current cyber attacks to information and communication facilities are examined, technologies such as chase evasion technology and defense deviation technology have been rapidly advanced and many weak systems worldwide are often used as passages. And when newly-developed cyber attack instruments are examined, technologies for prefect crimes such as weakness attack, chase evasion and evidence destruction have been developed and distributed in packages. Therefore, there is a limit to simple prevention technology and according to cases, special procedures such as real-time chase are required to overcome cyber crimes. Further, cyber crimes beyond national boundaries require to be treated in international cooperation and relevant procedural arrangements through which the world can fight against them together. However, in current laws, there are only regulations such as substantial laws including simple regulations on Punishment against violation. In procedure, they are treated based on the same procedure as that of general criminal cases which are offline crimes. In respect to international cooperation system, international criminal private law cooperation is applied based on general criminals, which brings many problems. Therefore, this study speculates the procedural law on cyber crimes and presents actual problems of our country and its countermeasures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.76 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2020

The aim of this paper is to simply present live load factor calculation methodology formulation with the addition of a simple new future load projection procedure to previously proposed two methods. For this purpose, Oregon Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) data were used to calculate live load factors by using WIM data. These factors were calculated with two different approaches and by presenting new simple modifications in these methods. A very simple future load projection method is presented in this paper. Using four different WIM sites with different average daily truck traffic (ADTT) volume, and all year data, live load factors were obtained. The live load factors, were proposed as a function of ADTT. ADTT values of these sites correspond to three different levels which are approximately ADTT= 5,000, ADTT = 1,500 and ADTT ≤ 500 cases. WIM data for a full year were used from each site in the calibration procedure. Load effects were projected into the future for the different span lengths considering five-year evaluation period and seventy-five-years design life. The live load factor for ADTT=5,000, AASHTO HS20 loading case and five-year evaluation period was obtained as 1.8. In the second approach, the methodology established in the Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) was used to calibrate the live load factors. It was obtained that the calculated live load factors were smaller than those in the MBE specifications, and smaller than those used in the initial calibration which did not convert to the gross vehicle weight (GVW) into truck type 3S2 defined by AASHTO equivalents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2001

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in a wide array of researches in plant molecular genetics and breeding. However, considerable time and cost are still required for the preparation of DNA suitable for reliable PCR results, especially in plant species containing high amounts of polyphenols. To reduce time and effort for PCR-based analysis, a simplified but reliable method was developed by a combinational employment of a simple and fast DNA extraction procedure and BLOTTO (Bovine Lacto Transfer Technique Optimizer) in reaction mixture. Genomic DNAs prepared by one-step extraction method from recalcitrant plant species such as Rubus coreanus, apple, grape and lettuce were successfully amplified by random primers in the reaction mixture containing 2 to 4% BLOTTO. Successful amplification of ${\gamma}$-TMT transgene in lettuce transformants by the specific primers was also achieved in the same condition, making rapid screening of positive transformants possible. Our results suggest that use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and incorporation of BLOTTO in reaction mixture in combination can reduce time and effort required for the analyses of a large number of germplasms and transformants by PCR-based techniques.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 2010

The objective of this project is to cultivate interest among junior high school students toward Science & Technology. Six simple experiments will be introduced to the participants (junior high school students) of this project which is focusing on the basic principles of engineering including law of motion, free-fall, force, energy, friction and work. Our student team has been assigned to design six set of experiment according to the principles. The experiments are easy to understand and simple to assemble by the students of age 13 to 15. Experimental manuals were written by the members using simple words complete with figure so that all the participants can understand the procedure of each experiment. In order to make sure the manuals are practically working, the experiment sets were tested and the results were compared with actual theory. As a result, we believe that the experiments can be done by the students within less supervision. The students are able to set up the experiments by using some simple equipment around them. By doing this experiments, we can further our understanding and explain better the principles of energy, force and work.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.444-447
• /
• 2007

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful technique in molecular biology and is widely used in various fields. By amplifying DNA fragments, PCR has facilitated gene cloning procedures, as well as molecular genotyping. However, the extraction of DNA from samples often acts as a limiting step of these reactions. In particular, the extraction of PCR-compatible genomic DNA from higher plants requires complicated processes and tedious work because plant cells have rigid cell walls and contain various endogenous PCR inhibitors, including polyphenolic compounds. We recently developed a novel solution, referred to as AnyDirect, which can amplify target DNA fragments directly from whole blood without the need for DNA extraction. Here, we developed a simple lysis system that could produce an appropriate template for direct PCR with AnyDirect PCR buffer, making possible the direct amplification of DNA fragments from plant leaves. Thus, our experimental procedure provides a simple, convenient, non-hazardous, inexpensive, and rapid process for the amplification of DNA from plant tissue.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1994

A procedure for the direct detection of (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase isozymes in electrophoresis gels was developed. The procedure employed the commercial preparation of AZCL-pachyman as a chromogenic substrate for (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanases. The procedure detected the three basic isozymes which have been known to be expressed in germinating barley kernels. A major acidic and a minor isozymes were also detected in germinating kernels. The procedure was proved to be fast, simple and sensitive enough to be used for the analysis of the expression of (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase isozymes in plant tissues. The detection limit of the procedure for the commercial preparation of Penicillium (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase was estimated to be as low as 50$\mu$U. The procedure could be used for the investigation of (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanases in laboratories facilitated with ordinary equipments and research personnel.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.590-596
• /
• 2016

Biopsy is a typical needle type intervention procedure performed under radiographic image equipment such as computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT. This minimal invasive procedure is a simple and effective way for identifying cancerous condition of a suspicious tissue but radiation exposure for the patients and interventional radiologists is a critical problem. In order to overcome such trouble and improve accuracy in targeting of the needle, there have been various attempts using robot technology. Those devices and systems, however, are not for full procedure automation in biopsy without consideration for tissue sampling task. A robotic end-effector of a master-slave tele-operated needle type intervention robot system has been proposed to perform entire biopsy procedure by the authors. However, motorized sampling adopted in the device has different cutting speed from that of biopsy guns used in the conventional way. This paper presents the design of a novel robotic mechanism and protocol for the automation of biopsy procedure using spring-triggered biopsy gun mechanism. An experimental prototype has been successfully fabricated and shown its feasibility of the automated biopsy sequence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1427-1439
• /
• 2008

The quality of track-bed fills of railways has been controlled by field measurements of density (${\gamma}_d$) and the results of plate-load tests. The control measures are compatible with the design procedures whose design parameter is $k_{30}$ for both ordinary-speed railways and high-speed railways. However, one of fatal flaws of the design procedures is that there are no simple laboratory measurement procedures for the design parameters ($k_{30}$ or, $E_{v2}$ and $E_{v2}/E_{v1}$) in design stage. A new quality control procedure, in parallel with the advent of the new design procedure, is being proposed. This procedure is based upon P-wave velocity involving consistently the evaluation of design parameters in design stage and the field measurements during construction. The key concept of the procedure is that the target value for field compaction control is the P-wave velocity determined at OMC using modified compaction test, and direct-arrival method is used for the field measurements during construction. The procedure was verified at a test site and the p-wave velocity turned out to be an excellent control measure. The specifications for the control also include field compaction water content of $OMC{\pm}2%$ as well as the p-wave velocity.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 1995

Brushless DC Motor (BDCM) is widely used in the industry such as a variable speed motor in a compressor for room air conditioners, because the motor can be easily controlled and operated over a wide speed range. The system to drive BDCM needs encoder that senses rotor position. Gut in a certain application, the position sensor has to be avoided. In the paper, various position sensorless drive systems for BDCM are investigated and critically evaluated, so that the effective method of sensorless control can be selected. Out of these methods, the freewheeling diode current sensing has many advantages. For example, the simple starting procedure makes it possible to perform sensorless control even in low speed. So the hardware design for this method has been carried out and the system has been implemented using DSP. The experimental results verified that the freewheeling diode current sensing approach has advantages in starting procedure and low speed sensing.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 1981

A simple, accurate and specific NMR procedure is described for the determination of amplicilin and cloxacillin mixtures in injection dosage form and capsules. The solvent was dimethysulfoxde $d_{6}$ and maleic acid was the internal standard. By integrating the peak at 2.68 ppm and 4.57 ppm, cloxacillin and ampicillin could be determined respectively. The relative proton ratio of ampicillin trihydrate and cloxacillin were 1.038 and 0.950. The coefficents of variation of amplicillin trihydrate and cloxacillin in a few commerical preparation were 1.55 % (n =9), 2.69 % (n =15).