• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2009

We prepared monodispersed spherical silica microgels by controlling various conditions of emulsification procedure using a lab-scale membrane emulsification system equipped with SPG (Shirasu porous glass) porous membrane having pore size of $1.5{\mu}m$. We determined the effects of process parameters of membrane emulsification (ratio of dispersed phase to continuous phase, sodium silicate concentration, emulsifier concentration, dispersed phase pressure, stirring speed) on the mean size and size distribution of silica microgels. The increase of the ratio of dispersed phase to continuous phase, dispersed phase pressure and sodium silicate concentration led to the increase in the mean size of microgels. On the contrary, the increase in emulsifier concentration and stirring speed of the continuous phase caused the reduction of the mean size of microgels. Through controlling these parameters, monodisperse spherical silica microgels with about $6{\mu}m$ of the mean size were finally prepared.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 2001

Polyimide-silica hybrid membranes were prepared and the effect of silica content on the structural properties and the gas transport properties was studied. The hybrid membranes were obtained by the sol-gel process starting from 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride(PMDA), 4,4`-diamino- diphenyl oxide(ODA) and tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) in N,N` dimethylacetatmide (DMAc) solvent. The structural characterizations of the membrane were performed by FT-IR, EDX, TGA and SEM. The gas permeation experiments with ${N_2}, {O_2}, {H_2}, {CO_2}and ${CH_4}$ were carried out at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and in the range of pressure from 3atm to 7atm. the hybrid membranes showed higher thermal stability than PI membranes. The silica patricles were uniformly embedded in the polyimide matrix and the size of silica particles increased with increasing silica content. The permeability coefficients of ${N_2}, {O_2}, {H_2}, {CO_2}and ${CH_4}$ increased with increasing silica content but the diffusion coefficients might appear to be a result of a solubility enhancement. In spite of the permeability enhancement, an increase in the selectivities of ${H_2}/{N_2}, ${H_2}/{O_2} and ${H_2}/{CO_2} was observed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.94-101
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• 2013

Amorphous silica particles, whose applications are increasing in many biomedical fields, are known to be less toxic than crystalline silica. In this study, the inflammatory effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles were investigated using 30-nm amorphous silica nanoparticles and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or purified monocytes. As a result, production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-8 were increased. In addition, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected, which may lead to mitochondrial membrane disruption. Most importantly, inflammasome formation was observed. Therefore, these results provide immunological information about amorphous silica nanoparticles and suggest that amorphous silica nanoparticles can evoke innate immune reactions in human monocytes through production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-8.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2006

The PTMSP-silica-PEI composite membranes were synthesized from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) by sol-gel process. The PTMSP-silica nanocomposite membranes were characterized by $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR, TGA, XPS, SEM, GPC and gas permeation measurements were accomplished with $H_2,\;O_2,\;N_2,\;CO_2,\;CH_4$. The gases permeability increased with increasing TEOS content. Both the permeability and selectivity of $H_2,\;CH_4$ increased to 15 wt% TEOS. While the permeability of $O_2,\;CO_2$ increased without decrease of selectivity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2017

In this study, we used thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) to produce water treatment membrane and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), silica with excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance to evaluate characterization of the membrane. The diluents used for the characterization were dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). We observed the crystallization temperature, cloud point and SEM images to see the manufacture conditions according to the ratio of PVDF and silica. The crystallization temperature and cloud point increased with the contents of silica. Through the phase diagram drawn from these results, the conditions for the preparation of the membrane confirmed.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.326-332
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• 2020

In this study, polymer-fluorinated silica composite hollow fiber membranes were fabricated and applied to a membrane contactor for the recovery of methane dissolved in the anaerobic effluent. To prepare the composite membranes, porous hollow fiber substrates were fabricated with Ultem^®, a commercial polyetherimide (PEI). Subsequently, fluorinated silica particles were synthesized and coated on the surface via strong covalent bonding. Due to the high porosity, our membrane showed a CH₄ flux of 8.25 × 10^-5 ㎤ (STP)/㎠·s at the liquid velocity of 0.03 m/s which is much higher that that of commercial polypropylene membrane designed for degassing processes. This is attributed to our membrane's high porosity as well as a superior surface hydrophobicity (120~122°) resulted from the coating with fluorinated silica nanoparticles.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.491-497
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• 2014

PTMSP-silica composite membranes were prepared by addition of 0, 15, 20, and 30 wt% TEOS (tetraethoxysilane), TMOS (tetramethoxysilane), MTMOS (methyltrimethoxysilane), and PTMOS (phenyltrimethoxysilane) contents to PTMSP using sol-gel process. The gas permeability of the composite membranes for $H_2$, $N_2$ and ideal selectivity for $H_2$ over $N_2$ were investigated as a function of alkoxysilane content. The permeabilities for $H_2$ and $N_2$ increased in the range of alkoxysilane contents 0~20 wt%, however decrease the range of 20~30 wt%. The ideal selectivities for $H_2$ over $N_2$ decreased in the range of TEOS and PTMOS contents 0~15 wt%, but increased in the range of 15~30 wt%. When compared to the upper bound of Robeson, PTMSP-silica composite membranes with TEOS content of 30 wt%, MTMOS content of 20 wt% and PTMOS content of 30 wt% turned out to be a simultaneous improvement in ideal selectivity and permeability.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

Application properties of ultra light weight silica aerogel toward polyurethane membranes were investigated. From the results of pre-milling process of the silica aerogel, the solvent for dispersion of the aerogel was determined for methyl ethyl ketone and its content in the solvent was determined by 30%. Using this aerogel dispersion, the polyurethane membranes were prepared according to the mixing amount of silica aerogel and various properties of the membranes were investigated. As results, the optimum mixing amount of silica aerogel inside polyurethane membranes was decided at 11%, because the improvement of light weight property, air permeability, and moisture vapor permeability were improved upto 11% of silica aerogel content, maintaining the water penetration resistance almost unchanged.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2004

Sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) membranes and sol-gel derived SPPESK/silica hybrid membranes have been investigated as potential polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. In comparison with the SPPESK membrane, the SPPESK/silica membranes exhibited higher water content, improved proton conductivity, and lower methanol permeability. Notably, the silica embedded in the membrane acted as a material for reducing the fraction of free water and as a barrier for methanol transport through the membrane. From the results of proton conductivity and methanol permeability studies, we suggest that the fractions of bound and free water should be optimized to obtain desirable proton conductivities and methanol permeabilities. The highly sulfonated PPESK hybrid membrane (HSP-Si) displayed higher proton conductivity (3.42 ${\times}$ 10$^2$ S/cm) and lower methanol permeability (4.15 ${\times}$ 10$\^$7/ $\textrm{cm}^2$/s) than those of Nafion 117 (2.54 ${\times}$ 10$^2$ S/cm; 2.36 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ $\textrm{cm}^2$/s, respectively) at 30$^{\circ}C$. This characteristic of the SPPESK/silica membranes is desirable for future applications related to DMFCs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 1993

A new pressurized sol-gel coating technique forming membrane layers inside pores of the porous support by the simple operation has been developed. Crack-free and reproducible nanoparticulate silica membranes supported on the porous $\alpha$-alumina tube are synthesized by pressurized coating at 600kPa for 2hr. The pore radius and N2 gas permiability at the room temperature of silica membrane layers are 8$\AA$ and 7.0$\times$10-7mol/$m^2$.s.Pa, respectively. The mechanism of N2 gas transfer through synthesized membrane layers is the perfect Knudeen flow, and the thermal stability of the silica composite membranes is excellent upto 40$0^{\circ}C$.