• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.481-485
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• 2003

Two types of polyimide/silica composite films were prepared using sol-gel method through hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with the polyamic acid (PAA) and end-capped PAA solution. Samples were characterized by the means of differential thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, universal test, impedance analyzer, chemical resistance test, etc. All of the PAA/silanol solutions heat-treated at 300$^{\circ}C$ for 6h were transformed to polyimide/silica composites. It has been demonstrated that the properties of polyimide/silica composites were affected by the amount of silica addition and the bend type existed between polyimide and silica.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.98-101
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• 2011

A 10 nm nano-silica was introduced to a conventional 3 ${\mu}M$ micro-silica composite to develop an eco-friendly new electric insulation material for heavy electric equipment. Thermal and mechanical properties, such as glass transition temperature (Tg), dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile and flexural strength, were studied. The mechanical results were estimated by comparing scale and shape parameters in Weibull statistical analysis. The thermal and mechanical properties of conventional epoxy/micro-silica composite were improved by the addition of nano-silica. This was due to the increment of the compaction via the even dispersion of the nano-silica among the micro-silica particles.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

In this study, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-styrene-butadiene terpolymer (DEAEMA-SBR), in which diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) was introduced to the SBR molecule as a third monomer, was synthesized by cold emulsion polymerization. It is expected that amine group introduced to a rubber molecule would improve dispersion of silica by the formation of hydrogen bond (or ionic coupling) between the amine group and silanol groups of silica surface. The chemical structure of DEAEMA-SBR was analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Then, various properties of DEAEMA-SBR/silica composite such as crosslink density, bound rubber content, abrasion resistance, and mechanical properties were evaluated. As a result, bound rubber content and crosslink density of DEAEMA-SBR/silica compound were higher than those of the SBR 1721 composite. Abrasion resistance and moduli at 300% elongation of the DEAEMA-SBR/silica composite were better than those of SBR 1721 composite due to the high bound rubber content and crosslink density. These results are attributed to high affinity between DEAEMA-SBR and silica. The proposed study suggests that DEAEMA-SBR can help to improve mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of the tire tread part.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.4 s.33
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• pp.69-73
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• 2004

A series of $H_3PO_4$-doped composite membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and silica have been prepared by sol-gel process. The proton conductivity, as well as properties of swelling, methanol permeation, was measured in this study. The proton conductivity increased with the molar ratio of $H_3PO_4$ to silica. With the silica content increasing, swelling degree decreased and methanol permeability showed a slight increase. It suggested that the former was mainly determined by hydrophilicity of the membrane, while the latter was dominated by the interconnectivity of matrix. According to the value of on, the optimal conformations of these composite membranes were 60, 70, 80 wt.$\%$ of PS-x in membranes, where x were 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5, respectively. These composite membranes were thermal stability up to $200^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.74-77
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• 2015

The cure kinetics of a neat epoxy system and epoxy/silica composite were investigated by DSC analysis. A cycloaliphatic type epoxy resin was diglycidyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate and curing agent was anhydride type. To estimate kinetic parameters, the Kissinger equation was used. The activation energy of the neat epoxy system was 88.9 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor was 2.64×10¹² min⁻¹, while the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for epoxy/silica composite were 97.4 kJ/mol and 9.21×10¹² min⁻¹, respectively. These values showed that the silica particles have effects on the cure kinetics of the neat epoxy matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.591-600
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• 1997

Al2O3/Al composites were produced by displacement reaction method, which was carried out by immersing the sintered silica preform, which was prepared from fused silica powder, in molten aluminum. Because the molten aluminum did not penetrate into the silica preform with higher than 20% of porosity when the displacement reaction was accomplished at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours in air atmosphere, the optimum range of sintering temperature of silica preform was from 135$0^{\circ}C$ to 140$0^{\circ}C$. The microstructure of this Al2O3/Al composites showed three-dimentionally co-continuous alumina, which provides wear resistance and high stiffness, and aluminium which acts as a toughnening phase. The grain size of the alumina in composites did not change with the particle size of the silica preform. The exact shape of the preform was retained and a net-shaped composite was produced. The representative Al2O3/Al composite prepared in this study showed 3.30mg/㎤ of bulk density, 350-430 MPa of flexural strength, 7.0 MPa.m1/2 of fracture toughness, and good machinability.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2003

Silica/SUS composite membranes were prepared for CO removal from products of methanol steam reforming. A support was prepared by coating Ni powder of sub-micron and SiO$_2$ sols of particle size of 500nm and 150nm in turns on a porous stainless steel (SUS) substrate. Silica top layer was coated on the modified support using colloidal sol with nanoparticle. As a result of mixture gas permeation test of silica composite membrane using H$_2$(99%)/CO(1%), CO concentration of 10000 ppm was reduced to under 81 ppm, which is acceptable in PEMFC anode gas specification. Permeation mechanism through the membrane was mainly molecular sieving.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

New coupling agent or surface modified agent (9-decenoic acid) was used to enhance the compatibility between silica and polystyrene in silica/polystyrene hybrid nanocomposite, synthesized by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. Composites contain well dispersed nanosize silica particles. Related tests and analyses confirmed the success of synthesis. Functionalization of silica by 9-decenoic acid and silica on the polystyrene was confirmed by FTIR. TGA showed presence and amount of silica in final latex. The glass transition temperature of the hybrid nanocomposite was increased with the silica amount. SEM and TEM analysis showed the spherical morphology of PS and composite with an average diameter of 55 nm. The presence of silica within composite was confirmed by EDS attached to the existing TEM.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical properties of experimental composite resins made with the spherical and crushed fillers. The 14 experimental composite resins containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%(w/w) in spherical filler group and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%(w/w) in crushed filler group, incorporated in a Bis-GMA matrix (Aldrich Co., USA), were made with 1% ${\gamma}$-methoxy silane treated fillers. The polymer matrix was made by dissolving 0.7%(w/w) of benzoyl peroxide(Janssen Chemical Co. Japan) in methacrylate monomer, whereupon 0.7%(v/v) N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine(Tokyo Kasei Co. Japan) was added to the monomer. The weight percentage of each specific particle size distribution could be determined from a knowledge of the specific gravity, the weight(w/w), and corresponding volume %(v/v) of the filler sample in resin monomer. In crushed silica group and spherical silica group, the diametral tensile strengths and compressive strengths were measured with Instron Testing Machine(No.4467), and analyzed in 14 experimental composite resins made by filler fractions. The shear bond strength of 14 experimental composite resins to bovine enamel was measured with universal testing machine(Instron No.4467). The fracture surfaces were sputter-coated with a gold film and investigated by SEM. The results were as follows; 1. The diametral tensile strength was tendency to increase in crushed silica group, but not in spherical silica group. The highest diametral tensile strength was found in 20% filler fractions of two groups. 2. The compressive strength was higher in 15%(w/w) and 20%(w/w) in spherical silica group than in crushed silica group, but not in spherical silica group. 3. The significant correlation was noticed in increase in shear bond strength in crushed silica group, but not in spherical silica group. 4. The significantly highest shear bond strength was noticed in 50% filler concentration in crushed silica group, and in 15% filler concentration in spherical silica group, it was not significant in relation. 5. In crushed silica group, cut surface of resin matrix and the interface between resin and filler is obvious. In spherical silica group, fractures that occurred through the filler particles were round in shape.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2013

The effect of the mixing ratio of spherical silica on the electrical insulation breakdown strength in an epoxy/silica composite was studied. Spherical silicas with two average particle sizes of $5{\mu}m$ and $20{\mu}m$ were mixed in different mixing ratios, and their total filling content was fixed at 60 wt%. In order to observe the dispersion of the silicas and the interfacial morphology between silica and epoxy matrix, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The electrical insulation breakdown strength was estimated in sphere-sphere electrodes with different insulation thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm. Electrical insulation breakdown strength decreased with increasing mixing ratio of $5/20{\mu}m$ and the thickness dependence of the breakdown strength was also observed.