• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2023

Background: With recent advances in cardiac surgery through minimal access, mini-thoracotomy has emerged as an excellent alternative for cardiac myxoma resection. This study analyzed the surgical results of this approach, focusing on postoperative cerebral embolism and tumor recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 64 patients (mean age, 56.0±12.1 years; 40 women) who underwent myxoma resection through mini-thoracotomy from October 2008 to July 2020. We conducted femoral cannulation and antegrade cardioplegic arrest in all patients. Patient characteristics and perioperative data, including brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) findings, were collected. Medium-term echocardiographic follow-up was performed. Results: Thirteen patients (20.3%) had a history of preoperative stroke, and 7 (11.7%) had dyspnea with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Sixty-one cases (95.3%) had myxomas in the left atrium. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac ischemic times were 69.0±28.6 and 34.1±15.0 minutes, respectively. Sternotomy conversion was not performed in any case, and 50 patients (78.1%) were extubated in the operating room. No early mortality or postoperative clinical stroke occurred. Postoperative DWI was performed in 32 (53%) patients, and 7 (22%) showed silent cerebral embolisms. One patient underwent reoperation for tumor recurrence during the study period; in that patient, a genetic study confirmed the Carney complex. Conclusion: Mini-thoracotomy for cardiac myxoma resection showed acceptable clinical and neurological outcomes. In the medium-term echocardiographic follow-up, reliable resection was proven, with few recurrences. This approach is a promising alternative for cardiac myxoma resection.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.209-221
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• 2019

A found-footage film La France est notre patrie is a documentary, in which archive images are juxtaposed with intertitles, non-diegetic music and foley, by borrowing an audiovisual strategy of silent films. The filmmaker Rithy Panh has excavated the images, which had been taken during the same period as the film history of the end of the 19^th and early 20^th centuries in Southeast Asia and Africa under French colonial rule. This paper examines the filmmaker's methods of historiography when utilizing archive images in order to represent the past by referring to Walter Benjamin's concept of historical montage and dialectical image. As the analysis illustrates the singularity of constructive methods, which include multi-layer viewpoints and montage styles of compilation and collage, it reveals how La France est notre patrie elicits the essay film modes through its self-reflexivity, leads audience to the threshold of critical thinking about time and history and creates a discourse of counter-memory.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2023

As research results showed that ozonated olive oil has excellent therapeutic effects on skin diseases, attempts were made to develop cosmetics manufacturing technology using ozone. Ozone is harmful to the human body, so a separate facility must be prepared to manufacture ozonated olive oil as a cosmetic raw material. The manufacturing device developed in this study was designed as an optimized process for manufacturing cosmetics while ensuring the safety of workers involved in production. To verify the ozonated olive oil produced from the implemented device, a toxicity test was conducted on animals. After applying ozonated oil (high concentration) to the rabbit's back for 24 hours, mortality, general symptoms and symptoms were measured. A skin irritation evaluation was performed. As a result of the experiment, as a result of evaluating the test substance treatment area after a certain period of time, it was confirmed that no skin irritation was observed in all animals, confirming the safety of the ozonated oil production process and the safety of the product.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed quad variable rates ADPCM coding method for efficient speech transmission and real time porcessing is implemented on TMS320C6711-DSP. The modified ADPCM with four variable coding rates, 16[kbps], 24[kbps], 32[kbps] and 40[kbps] are used for speech window samples for good quality speech transmission at a small data bits and real time encoding and decoding is implemented using DSP. ZCR is used to identify the influence of the noise on the speech signal and to decide the rate change threshold. For noise superior signals, low coding rates are applied to minimize data bit and for noise inferior signals, high coding rates are applied to enhance the speech quality. In most speech telecommunications, silent period takes more than half of the signals, speech quality close to 40[kbps] can be obtained at comparabley low data bits and this is shown by simulation and experiments. TMS320C6711-DSK board has 128K flash memory and performance of 1333MIPS and has meets the requirements for real time implementation of proposed coding algorithm.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.197-221
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• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion during various jaw functions. 46 subjects of 18.4-25.7 years were employed in this study: 26 subjects were normal occlusions, and 20 subjects were Class III malocclusions. The EMG data from the anterior and posterior temporal, anterior and posterior masseter muscles in both sides as mandibular elevators and supra-hyoid muscle group (close to the anterior belly of digastric muscle in right side) as mandibular depressor were recorded with the Medelec MS 25 electromyographic machine. The EMG recordings were analyzed during mandibular rest position, maximal biting, mastication with chewing gum, and swallowing of peanuts. All data were recorded and statistically processed. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the anterior temporal muscle was stronger significantly in Class III malocclusion than in normal occlusion, and then the posterior temporal was weaker during mandibular rest position. 2. The maximal mean amplitudes in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles and the anterior masseter muscle of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than that of normal occlusion during maximal biting. 3. During mastication of the chewing gum, the maximal mean amplitudes of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than normal occlusion in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles of the working side, and the duration of Class III malocclusion was longer in the anterior temporal muscles of both aides, and the posterior temporal and the anterior masseter muscle of the balancing side. There were significant increasings of the latency in balancing anterior temporal, working posterior temporal muscles and supra-hyoid muscle group of Class III malocclusion. The silent period durations was 16.36 ms in Class III malocclusion while 10.76 ms in normal occlusion, which was statistically different (P < 0.05). 4. At swallowing of peanuts, the maximal mean amplitude of Class malocclusion was weaker significantly in the posterior temporal muscle than that of normal occlusion. There was no significant difference of duration between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion. 5 The muscle activities of Class III malocclusion had a tendency of decrease less than normal occlusion. And then the muscle activities of the anterior temporal and anterior masseter muscles in Class III malocclusion showed the tendency of the increase more than other muscles of Class III malocclusion.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Pregnancy is a task of creation in which a women mobilizes her self and the resources available to her in the generation of a new person. Through the pregnancy, a mother has formed the new human relationship with a fetus. Maternal-fetal relationship is considered one of mechanism making the relationship of mother and child. It is important to well-being of mother and fetus, too. The earliest interaction between a mother and her child is during prenatal period. Maternal-fetal dyad is unique and perceived interactions with the fetus make the pregnancy real for the mother. Maternal behavior is "instinctive" and is formed in early childhood by copy of the mother. But, Rubin argues that this behavior is an open intellectual system rather than a prepackaged bundle of traits. There is openness to new learning and a high value placed on knowing which occurs with silent organization in thought. Thus, nurses and other health professionals provide prenatal care that optimally is part of the environment in which the maternal-fetal dyad develops. Thus it is appropriate for nurses to increases their understanding of the dyad and to explore ways to enhance its development. This study focusses on the interaction ability and response of fetus, and the maternal-fetal interaction. The research of fetal responses that involve physiological changes and motor movement have been shown to coccur to both external sensory stimuli and to maternal emotional states. The fetus does also have sensory capacity to be aware of some maternal behaviors, and the motor ability to respond in a way the mother can notice. Thus, very rudimentary interactions appear to be possible. Maternal awareness of fetal activity was supported by several studies. More interesting to the present study are description of maternal-fetal interaction and the finding that there appear to be levels of sensitivity to the fetus involved in maternal-fetal interactions. First, recognition comes that the fetus is separate from the maternal self. Next, the fetus engages in. Lastly, the parent may describe active interaction with the fetus, believing that mother and fetus are communicating on a meaningful level. Several interventions, developed to promote more active interaction between mother and fetus, have been reviewed. In general, the parents were taught to stimulate the fetus and to notice the fetus' responses. This type of intervention might increase the mother's sensitivity to her unborn baby, and she may have a head start toward learning how to res pond sensitivity to the newborn infant. Research In the area of maternal-fetal interaction is scarce. Sensitive behavior is construed as an appropriate and timely response to a signal of need from another person, but no such signal of need can be claimed regarding the fetus. The highest level of maternal-fetal interaction, therefore, might be based more on maternal representations of the imagined fetus than on factual evidence of fetal participation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5917-5935
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• 2012

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic human hepatitis infection and as such is an important global health problem. The virus was discovered in the USA in 1989 and it is now known that three to four million people are infected every year, WHO estimating that 3 percent of the 7 billion people worldwide being chronically infected. Humans are the natural hosts of HCV and this virus can eventually lead to permanent liver damage and carcinoma. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and Hepacivirus genus. The diameter of the virus is about 50-60 nm and the virion contains a single-stranded positive RNA approximately 10,000 nucleotides in length and consisting of one ORF which is encapsulated by an external lipid envelope and icosahedral capsid. HCV is a heterogeneous virus, classified into 6 genotypes and more than 50 subtypes. Because of the genome variability, nucleotide sequences of genotypes differ by approximately 31-34%, and by 20-23% among subtypes. Quasi-species of mixed virus populations provide a survival advantage for the virus to create multiple variant genomes and a high rate of generation of variants to allow rapid selection of mutants for new environmental conditions. Direct contact with infected blood and blood products, sexual relationships and availability of injectable drugs have had remarkable effects on HCV epidemiology. Hundreds of thousands of people die each year from hepatitis and liver cancer caused by HCV virus infection. Approximately 80% of patients with acute hepatitis C progress into a chronic disease state leading to serious hepatic disorders, 10-20% of which develop chronic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The incubation period of HCV is 6-8 weeks and the infection is often asymptomatic so it is very hard to detect at early stages, making early treatment very difficult. Therefore, hepatitis C is called a "silent disease". Neutralizing antibodies are produced against several HCV proteins during infection but the virus mutates to escape from antibodies. Some patients with chronic hepatitis C may have some symptoms such as fatigue, muscle aches, nausea and pain. Autoimmune and immunecomplex-mediated diseases have also been reported with chronic HCV infection.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-51
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• 2021

As a case study, this paper historicizes the film culture in Namchon district in Keijo(京城) based on a preliminary research on the film ephemera produced during the colonial period. Through cross-examining articles appeared in Japanese newspapers and magazines at the time, this paper empirically reconstructs the Japanese settlers' film culture in Keijo, a colonial city whose cultural environment was ethnically divided into 'Bukchon' and 'Namchon.' During the silent era, movie theaters in the Namchon district not only played a role of cinema chain through which films imported and distributed by Japanese film companies were circulated and exhibited but also served as a cultural community for Japanese settlers who migrated to a colony. The film ephemera issued by each theater not only provided information about the movie program, but also connected these Japaneses settlers in colonial city, Keijo to the homogeneous space and time in Japan proper. Both as a minority and colonizer in a colony, these Japanese settlers experienced a sense of 'unity' that could 'distinguish' their ethnic identity differentiated from Koreans through watching movies in this ethnically segregated cultural environment. In doing so, they were also able to connect themselves to their homeland in Japan Proper, despite on a cultural level. This is a cultural practice that strengthens a kind of long distance nationalism. Examining Japanese film culture through film ephemera would not only contribute to the previous scholarship on modern theater culture and spectatorship established since the 2000s, but also be a meaningful attempt to find ways and directions for film history research through non-film materials.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.119-143
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• 2009

This thesis examined interest and elucidation of Confucian scholars during the Chosun dynasty on the theory of self-cultivation. Taiji is the ultimate notion that surveys existence and value, however, the concern on the Taiji during the Chosun period lies more on the cultivation of mind. Confucian scholars understand the human world as a place for moral completion. Therefore, the self-cultivation theory of Confucianism rises against the disciplines of Taoism and Buddhism which are away from daily lives. And it also makes theoretical basis on the elucidation of Taiji distinguished from Taoist and Buddhist disciplines. The Confucian scholars in the Chosun dynasty saw Taiji as actual truth [實理] penetrating inside and outside and at the same time sincerity. On the discussion on "mind becomes Taiji[心爲太極]", they recognize taiji as a center supervising everything, human ultimate[人極], mind of the Way[道心]. The Confucian theory intending to comprehend tai-chi as a center of silent and stable mind, accepts methods of being calm, sitting in meditation, and breathing exercise at the time of before issuance[未發] This is reinterpreting the discipline methods of Taoism and Buddhism reasonably and including them as the parts of Confucian jing[敬] study.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the cortical disinhibition in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain and without pain. In addition, we assessed the cortical disinhibition and pain relief after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Method: We recruited diabetic patients with neuropathic pain (n = 15) and without pain (n = 15). We compared the TMS parameters such as motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical inhibition (ICI %) and intracortical facilitation (ICF %) between two groups. Moreover, we evaluated the changes of pain and TMS parameters after five consecutive high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS sessions in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The neuropathic pain intensity (visual analog scale) and TMS parameters were assessed on pre-rTMS, post-rTMS 1day, and post-rTMS 5 day. Results: The comparison of the CSP, ICI % revealed significant differences between two groups (p<0.01). After rTMS sessions, the decrease in pain intensity across the three time points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The change of CSP and ICI % across the three test points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The ICI % revealed immediate increase after first rTMS application and significant increase after five rTMS application (p<0.01) in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The MEP amplitude and ICF % did not reveal any significant changes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that cortical inhibition was decreased in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain compared with patients without pain. Furthermore, we also identified that five daily rTMS sessions restored the defective intracortical inhibition which related to improvement of neuropathic pain in diabetic patients.