• Title/Summary/Keyword: signified

검색결과 128건 처리시간 0.032초

이주여성에 관한 혐오 감정 연구 다음사이트 '아고라' 담론을 중심으로 (Narratives and Emotions on Immigrant Women Analyzing Comments from the Agora Internet Community(Daum Portal Site))

  • 한희정
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제75권
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    • pp.43-79
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문은 이주여성에 관한 인터넷 포털 사이트의 게시물과 댓글의 내러티브에 담긴 감정의 특성을 분석했다. 분석 대상으로 사회적 이슈에 관한 활발한 토론 공간인 '다음'(Daum)의 '아고라'를 선정했다. 내러티브 분석 결과 게시물 작성자들이 보여준 감정은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이주여성을 매춘과 연관시키면서 과도한 혐오감을 드러냈다. 둘째, 한국 남성을 희생자로 파악하고, 이주여성에 대한 증오감을 드러냈다. 셋째, 다문화주의에 반대하는 이들은 혐오감정을 감추고, 정의, 평등, 국가주의를 근거로 한 분노 감정의 표현이 정당하다는 전략을 사용했다. 넷째, 반다문화주의자들은 국제결혼 사기사건, 외국인 노동자 범죄보도 등의 사례를 반복적으로 언급하면서 혐오 감정을 확산시키는 역할을 수행했다. 다섯째, 매우 드물지만 이주여성이 만든 음식을 소개하는 사진과 글이 비교적 온정의 감정을 담았지만, 관음주의적 접근이라는 한계를 지녔기에 공감과 동감, 연민의 감정으로 발전되지 못했다. 한편, 이주여성에 대한 부정적 감정을 표현하는 게시물 작성자의 심리적 배경에는 자기혐오가 자리 잡고 있고, 이는 더욱 강화될 것으로 우려된다. 아고라 공간에서 2011년 이후 이주여성 관련 글 대부분은 혐오 담론에 해당한다. 요컨대 결혼, 노동, 피난 등으로 인해 주거지의 국제적 이동 현상이 증가하는 디아스포라 시대에 혐오 감정에 따른 갈등과 인권 침해 현상에 대응하기 위해 보편적 인간애로서 휴머니즘 위주의 시민 교육을 강화할 것이 요구된다.

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자연피임법으로서의 배란법의 피임효과 (Preliminary Report of Use-Effectiveness of Ovulation Method in Korea)

  • 배석천;정윤조;나종구;오원섭;김승조
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 1976
  • In recent years, explosive increase in population has been damaging mankind in terms of deprivation of natural resources and more of economical demands. Therefore, we have thought about problems as to counter-balance the increasing population, and reached a resolution of artificial methods of controlling birth. In the past, though now used in some of contraceptive methods, extravaginal ejaculation, condom were commonly used. But recently, pills, IUD and several kinds of operative procedures are quite popular. Though the recent methods are known to be effective compared with the traditional methods, a certain unwanted side effects as well as limited value of usages now must be discussed. On this aspect, we are trying to research for a ideal methods such as symptom free, more of natural way of family planning and try to zero the failure rate. And also it has been suggested that only if those scientific methods of controlling birth can be base on religious concepts of moral being, it will be enlightened. At the Happy Family Planning Clinic of St. Mary's Hospital, we apply Billing's ovulation method to out-patients who want contraception and usually advise them to use it on a self-care basis. For a retrospective study of the presurvey data analysis and use-effectiveness of the ovulation method from April 1, 1975 to Nov., 30, 1975, we have dealt with a total of 1,383 women (urban areas 465, rural areas 918). The results of preliminary survey were as follows; 1) Among 465 women in Seoul areas, the failure rate was 10.3, which signified unplanned pregnancies of 32 women. 27 of the 32 women were pregnant due to the users own failure and the remaing 5 due to the failure of the method. Therefore, the failure of the method accounted for 1.6. 2) Among 918 women in rural areas, the failure rate was 15.2 signifing unplanned pregnancies in 93 women. The cause of the failure in 81 of the 93 women was attributable to the user's own mistake and that in the remaing 12 to the default of the method. Therefore, the failure attributable to the method accounted for 2.0.

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게임을 활용한 공감훈련이 초등학생의 친사회적 행동 증진에 미치는 영향 (The effect of empathy training game on the children's prosocial behavior)

  • 김형회
    • 초등상담연구
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.263-284
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of game-centered empathy training on the prosocial behaviors of elementary schoolers in a bid to suggest how their prosocial behaviors could be boosted. The research questions were posed as below: 1. Does game-based empathy training improve the overall empathy of school children? 2. Does game-based empathy training have a better effect on the cognitive empathy of school children or their emotional empathy? 3. Does game-based empathy training enhance the prosocial behaviors of school children? The subjects in this study were 62 children in their fourth year of D elementary school in Eumseong-gun, north Chungcheong province. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, and a survey was conducted before and after the experimental group under-went empathy training for about six weeks. The instrument used in this study was David(1980)'s Interpersonal Reactivity Index adopted by Park Sung-hee(1996) to suit school children. Another instrument was Park Sung-hee (1997)'s inventory to assess the prosocial behaviors of children. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 for Windows program, and reliability analysis and t-test were employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, as for the effects of the game-based empathy training on the overall empathy of the elementary school youngsters that included both emotional and cognitive empathy, both groups got lower scores in posttest than in pretest. The experiment produced unexpected results, as the experimental group got significantly lower scores. This fact indicated that the game-based empathy training was ineffective. Second, the game-centered empathy training didn't exercise any influences on their cognitive and emotional empathy. The experiment had a reverse impact on the cognitive and emotional empathy of the experimental group, which implied that the training served as a factor to deteriorate the two types of empathy, and the hypothesis posed in this study was rejected. Therefore, which type of empathy could make a better progress by being exposed to the training couldn't definitely be determined. Third, the game-based empathy training didn't serve to Improve the prosocial behaviors of the elementary schoolers. There was no change in the experimental group, and this fact signified that there's something wrong with the attempt to develop school children's empathy to step up their prosocial behaviors. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following conclusion was reached: First, the game-centered empathy training had no effects on boosting the overall empathy of the school children. Second, the game-centered empathy training couldn't be said to be effective in improving either cognitive empathy or emotional one. From a viewpoint of relativity, that could be said to affect emotional empathy more than cognitive one. Third, the game-based empathy training wasn't effective in improving prosocial behaviors. Rather, that resulted in interrupting the promotion of prosocial behaviors.

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고대 한국인이 선호한 기본도형의 의미와 유형 (Meaning of Basic Geometry Patterns to Ancient Koreans and Its Classification)

  • 박선화;김지수;나영주
    • 감성과학
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.83-100
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 오래전부터 한국인이 애용해 온 기본 도형을 분석하여 의미와 상징성을 밝히고 그 유형을 분류하는 것이다. 선조들은 원, 네모, 세모 형태를 선호하였는데 한글에 'ㅇ, ㅁ, ㅅ'가 존재하는 사실이 이를 뒷받침한다. 이를 위해 고조선부터 삼국시대에 이르기까지 복식과 유물 등에 나타난 기본 도형을 고찰하였다. 연구방법으로는 도서, 인터넷 및 사진자료 등을 분석하였으며 도자기, 청동기, 복식 등 다양한 곳에 나타난 도형의 연결고리를 찾았다. 그 연구결과 첫째, 원은 하늘, 해, 달, 별, 청동거울, 얼굴 등을 상징하는데 일찍이 천문관측이 발달했던 사실과 원형제단이나 제사장의 표징인 원형 청동거울이 이를 뒷받침한다. 둘째, 땅(地)을 상징하는 것은 네모라고 보았다. 하늘과 땅신에게 모두 제사를 지냈었고 네모는 부족 공동체의 안녕과 풍요를 담은 현실을 의미하는 형태이다. 마름모형이 더 많이 애용되었는데 이는 힘을 상징하는 세모가 두 개나 들어있는 형태이기 때문이라고 추측한다. 셋째, 빗살무늬 토기에서도 나타나지만 뫼 '산(山)'과 사람 '인(人)' 및 모자나 마늘의 형태 또는 나 '사(?)' 등으로부터 세모가 파생되었다고 보는데 하늘, 땅 다음으로 사람이 중요하다는 고대인의 사고에서 발생한 것으로 본다. 아름다운 유산인 기본 도형의 연구를 통해 한국역사의 오랜 전통과 정신을 이해하고 새로운 창조문화로 이어지길 기대한다.

봉준호 감독 영화에 나타난 블랙코미디 요소와 창의성 연구 - 영화<기생충>을 중심으로 - (A Study of Black Comedy and Creativity Elements in Joon Ho Bong's Films -With Emphasis on -)

  • 김성훈
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.243-256
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    • 2021
  • 영화 <기생충>은 봉준호 감독과 대한민국을 세계 일류 국가 반열에 올린 작품이다. 수많은 연구자들이 다양한 시선으로 자신들의 관심분야에 따라 <기생충>에 관한 연구 성과를 발표했다. 본고는 블랙코미디 장르가 영화에 도입된 역사적 사실들을 알아보고 연극에서 출발한 블랙코미디가 베케트, 이오네스코, 뒤렌마트, 브레히트 같은 현대작가들의 시선을 거치면서 규정된 법칙은 아니지만 서사적 특징과 양식적 수단으로 사용되어진 장치들이 나타났다. 희비극 연극에 사용된 장치들은 영화의 블랙코미디 개념과 동일하며 영화만의 특성으로 자리매김 하고 있다. 블랙코미디의 서사적 특징인 역설, 의도·목적과 결과의 불일치, 그리고 양식적 수단으로 사용되어진 패러디, 그로테스크, 우연이라는 요소로 영화<기생충>에 나타난 영상의 의미를 해석해 본다. 봉준호 감독이 <기생충>에 사용한 블랙코미디는 세상에 어떤 의미를 던지고 관객은 그 의미를 어떻게 받아들여졌는지 살펴보고자 한다. 현대작가들이 세상을 바라보는 시선과 봉준호 감독이 바라보는 연민어린 시선이 전혀 다르지 않지만 작품의 결과는 현대작가들과 사뭇 다른 그의 영화 <기생충>의 창의성에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

물질종교 관점에서 본 영대 -물질 영대와 비물질 영대 가로지르기- (Yeongdae from the Perspective of Material Religion: Transcending the Material and Non-material Yeongdae)

  • 차선근
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제44집
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    • pp.53-96
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    • 2023
  • 이 글은 물질종교 접근법의 사례로 '영대(靈臺)'를 살핀 것이다. 동아시아에서 영대는 주문왕이 건립한 건축물이었다. 후대로 내려오면서 영대는 수행의 목표이자 대상인 마음 영대, 존사(存思)에서 나타나는 관념적 심장으로 그 의미가 변모되었다. 이렇게 동아시아에서 영대는 물질이기도 했고, 비물질이기도 했다. 그 두 의미는 각각의 맥락에서 사용되었을 뿐, 서로 연결되었던 적은 없었다. 한국 근대에 출현한 대순진리회는 봉신(封神)이라는 개념을 사용하여 이 둘을 하나로 묶었다. 그러니까 천지신명을 모시고 제천을 했던 주문왕의 영대를 신봉어지(神封於地)의 장소로 설명하고 자신의 신전 이름으로 활용했으며, 수행의 정도에 따라 그에 맞는 신명이 수행자의 마음을 통해 응한다는 논리를 세워 인간의 마음 영대를 신봉어인(神封於人)의 장소로 규정했다. 레비-스트로스의 관점에서 보면 동아시아의 전통에서 발견되는 요소들, 즉 주문왕의 건축물 영대와 『장자』·『황정경』 등에서 보이는 마음 영대를 일관된 논리로 묶어내면서 교리 체계 안에 구축하는 이 모습은, 과거의 전통 개념들을 재창조하는 브리콜라주에 해당한다. 그렇다면 에릭 홉스봄의 표현을 빌려서, 대순진리회의 영대는 기존하는 물질 영대와 비물질 영대를 가로지르는 '발명된 영대(invented Yeongdae)'라고 말할 수 있다.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Healthy Volunteers

  • Simin Liu;Changhua Wan;Haosen Li;Weiwei Chen;Chu Pan
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.218-225
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 119 patients with TMD (23 male and 96 female; mean age ± standard deviation, 41 ± 15 years; 58 bilateral and 61 unilateral involvements for a total of 177 joints) and 20 healthy volunteers (9 male and 11 female; 40 ± 13 years; 40 joints) were included in this prospective study. Based on DTI of the jaw in the resting state, the diffusion parameters, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), λ1, λ2, and λ3 of the superior and inferior heads of the LPM (SHLPM and IHLPM) were measured. Patients with TMD with normal disc position (ND), anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADWR), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADWOR) were compared. Results: Patients with TMD overall, and ADWR and ADWOR subgroups had significantly higher ADC, λ1, λ2, and λ3 in both the SHLPM and IHLPM than those in volunteers (p < 0.05 for all), whereas the ND subgroup only had significantly higher ADC and λ1 (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, significant differences in FA in the SHLPM and IHLPM were found between volunteers and ADWOR (p = 0.014 and p = 0.037, respectively). Among the three TMD subgroups, except for λ3 and FA in the ADWR subgroup, ADWR and ADWOR subgroups had significantly higher ADC, λ1, λ2, and λ3 and lower FA than those in the ND group (p < 0.050). There was no significant difference in diffusion variables between ADWR and ADWOR. In ADWOR, the osteoarthritis group had significantly higher λ3 and lower FA values in the IHLPM than those in the non-osteoarthritis group. Conclusion: DTI successfully detected functional changes in the LPM in patients with TMD. The unsynchronized diffusivity changes in the LPM in different subgroups of TMD signified the possibility of using diffusion parameters as indicators to identify the severity of LPM hyperfunction at various stages of TMD.

구약성서(舊約聖書)에 나타난 히브리인의 복식(服飾) - 두식(頭飾), 신발 및 장신구(裝身具) 중심(中心)으로 - ("A Study on Hebrews Clothing in the Old Testament" - Especially on Hair Styles, Headgears, Footwear and Personal Ornaments -)

  • 박찬부
    • 복식
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    • 제10권
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    • pp.63-80
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    • 1986
  • The Old Testament cotains mention of the history of creation and clothing in ancient Hebrew. This study dealt with Hebrew dress customs especially aimed at the manners of their hair styles, headgears, footwear and personal ornaments. References are Korean Revised Version, English King James Version and Revised Standard Version. There is little mention of hair styles and headgears in the Old Testament. Some sort of turban was worn by priests, and soldiers protected themselves with helmets, but most Israelitish men went bareheaded except on special occasions and often wear simple headbands. It was more common for women to use headwear of some type-turbans, scarves, and veils concealing the face. The veil was the distinctive female wearing apparel. All females, with the exception of maidservants and women in a low condition of life, wore a veil. It was the custom for women to wear a veil entirely covering their head in the public. Through most of the Old Testament periods long and thick hair was admired on men and women alike. The Hebrews were proud to have thick and abundant long hair, and they gave much attention to the care of their hair. The caring of hair was deeply related to their rituals. Nazirites never took a razor to their hair during his vow-days, but instead let it grow long, as an offering to God. Men would not cut their beards, but allow them to grow long. The Israelites' standard footwear was a pair of simple leather sandals. This was one of the items of clothing not highly prized. In a colloquial saying of the time, a pair of shoes signified something of small value, and to be barefoot except in times of mourning or on holy place, was a sign either of extreme poverty or humiliation, as in the case of war prisoners. Because precious stones were not mined in the Palestine-Syria region, Hebrews imported them from foreign country. They were consumer-to a large degree limited by their very modest standard of living-but not producers. Hebrews liked the precious stones and were motivated to acquire and wear jewels. Besides their use for adornment and as gifts, the precious or semiprecious stones were regarded by Jews of property. The Hebrews were not innovators in the field of decorative arts. The prohibition of the Law against making any "graven image" precluded the development of painting, sculpture, and other forms of representational art. Jewish men did not indulge in extravagances of dress, and there was little ornamentation among them. Men wore a signet ring on their right hand or sometimes suspended by a cord or chain around the neck. The necklaces, when worn by a male, also bore any symbol of his authority. Bracelets were extremely popular with both men and women, men usually preferring to wear them on their upper arms. The girdle was a very useful part of a man's clothing. It was used as a waist belt, or used to fasten a man's sword to his body, or served as a pouch in which to keep money and other things. Men often carried a cane or staff, which would be ornamented at the top. Among the women there was more apt to be ornamentation than among the men. Hebrew women liked to deck themselves with jewels, and ornamentation of the bride were specially luxurious and numerous. They wore rings on their fingers or On toes, ankle rings, earrings, nosering, necklace, bracelets. Their shapes were of cresent, waterdrops, scarab, insect, animal or plant. Sometimes those were used as amulets. They were made of ceramics, gold, silver, bronze, iron, and various precious stones which were mostly imported from Egypt and Sinai peninsular. Hebrews were given many religious regulations by Moses Law on their hair, headgears, sandals and ornamentation. Their clothing were deeply related with their customs especially with their religions and rituals. Hebrew religion was of monotheism and of revealed religion. Their religious leaders, the prophets who was inspired by God might need such many religious regulations to lead the idol oriented people to God through them.

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동영상에서 그룹핑(grouping) 단서로 작용하는 움직임(Movement)과 의미구조 형성의 관계 (The relation between Movement working as a Grouping clue in Moving Picture and Semantic structure forming)

  • 이수진
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2006
  • 미디어의 발전과 함께 시각표현은 정지화면에서 동영상으로 그 영역이 확대되었다. 애니메이션 영화, TV CM, GUI 등과 같은 분야는 프레임이 누적된 가현운동 현상이 나타나면서 쇼트, 씬과 같은 단위 구조가 만들어지므로 정지화면에 비해 움직임이 필연적인 조형요소가 된다. 따라서 형태, 색채, 공간, 크기, 움직임과 같은 조형요소 중에서 움직임은 특히 중요한 요소로 부각된다고 볼 수 있다. 소쉬르(Saussure)가 설명한 기표와 기의의 관계처럼 이미지의 표현과 형식은 그 내용과 서로 제약을 주는 반면 상호 보완에 의해 하나의 기호로서 수용된다. 이는 움직임 역시 그 형식적 특성이 메시지가 담고 있는 내용에 어떠한 관여를 할 것이라는 추론을 가능하게 한다. 이를 분석하기 전 먼저 게슈탈트이론 중 '그룹핑의 원리'를 이론적 근거로 하여 동영상 시지각 실험을 실시하여 움직임과 타 조형요소의 관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과 약 70-80%의 피실험자가 '움직임'을 지각 상 중요한 그룹핑 단서로 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 형식적 특성을 토대로 동영상의 구조를 분석했을 때 움직임은 커뮤니케이션 과정에서 메시지의 의미의 맥락을 유지하는데 영향을 준다. 사람이나 사물, 배경의 형태와 색 등이 변하더라도 움직임이 유사한 지향점을 가지면 그 대상의 정체성은 유지될 수 있다. 둘째, 움직임에 의해 형상(figure)으로서 대상이 부각되므로 내용의 명료성을 높여준다. 셋째 추후 정보처리에 있어서 유사한 움직임의 진행을 예측할 수 있는 지식표상으로 작용하게 된다. 넷째, 교차편집과 같이 둘 이상의 씬이 빠르게 전환되고 복잡한 편집구조를 가지더라도 움직임이 내용에 일관성을 부여하는 성격을 갖는다. 움직임은 기본적인 시지각적 반응으로서 입력되는 시각정보를 그룹화시키는 하나의 단서가 된다. 또한 영상 메시지의 구조적인 틀을 형성하는데 관계하여 자칫 현란하고 남용될 수 있는 시각적 표현에 질서를 부여하고 의미 작용에 명료함을 높이는 효율성을 가진다. 동영상은 본질적으로 시간성을 내포하므로 다수의 단위 구조가 조합된 담화를 가지며, 미디어믹스 환경에 의해 공통적이면서도 차별화된 표현이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 게슈탈트 이론의 그룹핑 원리를 동영상 범주로 확대하여 적용해 봄으로써 움직임이 다른 조형요소보다 부각되는 속성이 됨과 의미구조 형성에 영향을 줌을 분석하였으며, 이는 미디어 특성에 따라 각 영상분야에서 구조적 조형미와 새로운 영상표현을 개발하는 관점이 될 수 있음을 제안한다.

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현대조각에 있어서 실재의 다중화 (Multiplification of the Reality in Contemporary Sculpture)

  • 유재흥
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제12권
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    • pp.65-96
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    • 2007
  • Today, the modern art is extremely diverse. It is denying its own boundary through chaos, extreme, abjection. In fact the diversity of the modern art can be best described as questioning and challenging to the essence of the reality, rather than the artistic pursuit of the beauties. The pursuit of the reality has been a long lasting discourse since the ancient. Through the history, the reality (referent) and representation (image) has been complementing and disposing each other in a relationship of a meaningful construction until the modern times. The limit of modernistic self-reference and the emergence of the figure leads to the emergence of Post-modernism in a trend of experimenting new visual arts. The return to the figure is clearly distinguished from existing representation's system and it brought new meanings to approaches and interpretations of the reality. In the case of Pop arts of 1960's and the following the modern sculptures, which is covered by this thesis, I put an emphasis on the diversification of those via changed strategies on the reality. In a situation where the reality is dictated by signified, the modern arts can no longer stay on a classic concept of representation, rather it pursuits new system and diverse strategies. I provide three types of strategic characters of the reality and the diversification of reality: the transition of the reality. These three types can be used as a frame work, which is supporting new aspects of the modern arts in reflecting on existing system. Therefore, the reason of categorizing is to distinguish modernistic arts and post modernistic arts, and to propose new post-modernistic discourses. Adapting J.F, Lyotard's view, absence is used to trace down the diversification of the reality thorough the sublime on the deconstruction of the mega discourses and the relationship of representation. Based on H. Faster's theory of the appropriation, the appropriation is used to exemplify the strategies of visual arts are in variations and being delayed. Lastly, in the transition, J. Baudrilliard's simulacre is used in terms of the concept of post modernistic representation. Based on the core of his theories, the deconstruction of existing concepts and simulation as the post modernistic representation, and the world of hyperreality based on simulacre are explained. These allows us to deny that representation is the expression of reality through mimesis. My aim is to work on the definition of the arts and representation in the modern era, and go further from there in order to clarify meaning and extension of the modern sculptures. Now two artists are reviewed based on their own art works: George Seagal; Jeff Koons. They are selected among numerous artists from the Post Modern era. Epic contents and emphasis on daily life of Seagal's works show good examples to artists from Pop Arts and following time period and may have served as a start point for Postmodernism. Indeed, he tried to show a newly defined relationship between art works and daily life experience. On the other hand, J.Koons used the strategies of fabrication and appropriation, which shows characteristics of the postmodernism. Through his four individual exhibitions, he shows the diversification of the reality based on art works as fetishistic merchandises, and newly defined concept of Ready-made since M Duchamp. Lastly, the diversification of the reality is analyzed again in context of my art works. I focused on the return to the figure among a variety of trends of late 20 th century modern sculpture. It showed the post modernistic point of view on the reality. Post modernistic diversified strategies are adopted as a method of distinguishing each art works via the diversification of the reality. This is the result of contemporary social and cultural situations.

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