• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1988

The great sudden change of circle of dental laboratory technology brought many discord between the new growing environmental group and the old group. In order to know the satisfactory degree of Dental Laboratory Heads about all and woman dental technicians who graduated from junior college, this study was conducted for 41 dental laboratory heads in Pusan area during Aug. to Sep. 1986 by means of a questionaire. The results are obtained as follows : 1. By born place, the dental laboratory heads’ satisfactory degree mean of items about all dental technician who graduated from junior college were Pusan group 3.55, Kyungnam group 2.94. The difference among the groups was significant enough(P<0.05). The satisfactory degree about woman dental technician graduated from junior college were Pusan group 3.45, Kyungnam group 2.72. 2. By age, The degree of satisfaction of items about all graduate dental technician were 30$\sim$34 age group 3.13, 40$\sim$44 age group 2.71. The degree of satisfaction about woman graduate dental technician were 30$\sim$34 age group 3.13, 40$\sim$44 age group 2.71. The degree of satisfaction about woman graduate dental technician were as follow : 35$\sim$39 age group 3.50, 45$\sim$49 age group 3.16, 30$\sim$34 age group 2.86, 40$\sim$44 age group 2.43. 3. By job career, the highest degree item out of satisfaction about all graduate dental technician was 6$\sim$10 years group 3.58, the other items were 1$\sim$15 years group 2.90, 16$\sim$20 years group 2.71. The satisfactory degree item about woman graduate dental technician was 6$\sim$10 years group 3.43, 16$\sim$20 years group 3.15, 11$\sim$15 years group 2.82 respectively. 4. By managing term of respondents’ dental laboratory, the satisfactory degree of items about all graduate dental technician were below 2 years group 3.25, 3$\sim$6 years group 3.14, 7$\sim$10 years group 2.93 in order. The satisfactory degree items about woman graduate dental technician were 11$\sim$14 years group 3.25, 3$\sim$6 years group 3.14 7$\sim$10 years group 2.80 in order. 5. By acquired qualification of licence test, the satisfactory degree of dental laboratory heads about all graduate dental technician were job career group 3.07, graduated from Dept. of Dental Technology group 3.00. The satisfactory degree about woman graduate dental technician were job career group 3.03 and graduated from Dept. of Dental Technology group 2.57. 6. By dental technician numbers of respondents’ dental laboratory. the satisfactory degree of items was as follow: 10$\sim$13 persons group is 2.86, 6$\sim$9 persons group 3.25, below 5 persons group 3.11. There was significant enough.(P<0.01). The satisfactory degree items about woman graduate dental technician were below 5 persons group is 3.00, 10$\sim$13 persons group 2.79, 6$\sim$9 persons group 2.67. 7. by the outlook of occupation, the satisfactory degree of dental laboratory heads about all dental technicians who graduated from junior college were neither good norbad group 3.20 bad group 2.59, good group 3.13. The difference among the groups was significant enough(P<0.01). The satisfactory degree about woman dental technicains graduated from junior college were good group 3.25, neither good nor bad group 2.80, bad group 2.75. The difference among the groups was significant enough.(P<0.01) 8. By occupational satisfaction, The satisfactory degree of items about all graduate dental technician were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 3.08, satisfied group 3.17, dissatisfied group 2.89. The satisfactional degree of items about woman graduate dental technician were satisfied group and neither satisfied mor dissatisfied group each 3.00 9. By the outlook of employment, the satisfactory degree of items about all graduate dental techician were bad group and neither good nor bad group 3.00. There was significant enough.(p<0.02) About woman graduate dental technician were good group 3.80, neither good nor bad group 3.00, bad group 2.84. The difference among the groups was significant enough.(P<0.01) 10. By cognition of the number of graduate dental technician, the satisfactory degree of dental laboratory heads about all graduate dantal technician were too many group 2.86, many group 3.32. There was significant enough.(P<0.05) About woman graduate dental techician were too many group 2.60, many group 3.20 The difference among the groups was significant enough.(P<0.01) 11. As compared with the items ut of satisfaction and improvement about all dental technician who graduated from junior college, the rate of satisfaction item was for as follow : dental technological theory is 5.21%, ability of adaptation and sincerity each 17.1%. The rate of improvement items was as follow : sincerity is 39%, ability of work and ability of basical work each 24.4%. 12. As compared with the items out of satisfaction and improvement about woman dental laboratory technician who graduated from junior college, the rate of satisfaction item was as follow : atmosphere of the office is 56.1%, sincerity 22%. The rate of improvement items was as follow : ability of adaptation is 36.6%, ability of work 31.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.23
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• pp.183-196
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is , by analyze the relationship among clothing involvement which is major expanatory variable in the stage of product purchase and consumption, evaluation criteria of housewives, to help to give understanding the concept of involvement and to supply the fundamental data for constructing marketing stratege. The subject of this study was a 510 housewives and the items of study were three such as suit , one piece dress, blouse, skirt , and blue jean, T-shirt. For analyzing data frequency analysis, percent , mean , standard deviation , factor analysis. F-test, Duncan -test , MANOVA, t-test , and Pearson's product -moment correlation coefficient were used. The results are as follows. 1. Clothing involvement was divided into 4 dimensions such as fashion, pleasure, symbolism, and perceived risk. Evaluative criteria had 5 dimensions such as harmony , dignity , practicality , price, and fashion. 2. There was significant difference in the occupaton of working housewives and the expenditure of money on clothing concerning clothing involvement. 3. There was significant difference in items concerning the degrees of importance of each evaluation factor. Harmony was the first important dimension and practicality was the second by housewives. The degree of clothing involvement has a significant positive correlation with the factors of evaluation on each item. Each dimension of clothing involvement had a significant positive correlation with the factors of evaluation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.377-390
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of neuromuscular re-education program and general intervention program. It is focused on difference between changes of experimental before and after on 20 stroke patient's motor control ability. The obtained results are as follows; In change in motor control ability, neuromuscular re-education program group about the motor control ability was a significant difference(p<.01). And traditional intervention program group, the motor control ability was a significant difference in all of items (p<.01; p<.05) but, were not a significant difference in bladder management, social interaction, problem solving and memory. And also comparison of change in motor control ability between the experimental group and control group, the between-subjects factors were a significant difference. Most of the functional items on the functional items on the functional measurement and neuromuscular function measurement are concerned with the physical autonomy of the hemiplegic patients. More in depth knowledge may be acquired about the distribution of physical and motor control patterns with respect to the degree of neurologic deficit for the enhencement of residual motor control function in hemiplegia. In conclusion, the neuromuscular re-education program was more effect then traditional intervention program in motor control ability.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the educational needs of the industry for engineering education using the engineering competency scale. For needs assessment, t-test, Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus(LFF) were conducted using 400 employees' answers of industry. The results of this analysis are as follows. First, there was a significant difference between the level of importance and actual level. Second, all items were ranked using the Borich's needs assessment formula. Third, as a result of LFF model, 19 items were placed in the highest priority HH section. Fourth, 17 items with the highest priority in engineering education were selected. Finally, the highest educational needs were 6 items related with interpersonal skills, 2 items related with leadership, and 9 items related with professional attitude and ability. Based on the results of this paper, it is necessary to develop and operate an education program to reduce the gap between the industry requirement and the current level of engineering students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.637-653
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the associations between food consumption frequency of Korean adults and self-perceived chewing difficulty, using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, 112 items) from 2013-2016 of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were divided into not difficult in chewing (NDC) and difficult in chewing (DC) groups, with 24.17% being classified into DC. Males and females consumed 35 and 37 items less frequently than the other sex, respectively. Due to the remarkable gender difference in food consumption, gender-stratified one-sided survey regression analysis was performed after adjusted for the effect of age, household income, and self-rated health status. RESULTS: Thirty-four items of FFQ were significantly less consumed by the DC group. Females exclusively consumed less beverages and alcohol while males showed the same for fruits and milk·dairy products. Consumption frequency of 8 items such as steamed potatoes·grilled potatoes, stir fried beef, other kimchi·fresh vegetable kimchi, orange, sour pork·pork cutlet, tteokbokki and green tea were significant only in males. In contrast, 17 items including cooked rice with other grains and legumes, boiled egg·steamed egg, Korean cabbage kimchi, banana, and tofu stew·soft tofu stew were significant only for females. Finally, items that showed significance for both were 9 items including loaf bread, ready-to-eat cereal, steamed sweet potatoes·grilled sweet potatoes, stir-fried lotus roots·stir-fried burdock, green laver salad·brown seaweed salads, apples, tomato·cherry tomatoes, squid (raw, dried shredded, boiled, stir-fried), and curd type yogurt. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study suggest chewing difficulty may be an important nutritional issue that has to be dealt with for healthful food consumption, with distinct interest of gender.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 1992

New-Piagetian theory has proposed that mental capacity and mental demand do a critical role in human cognitive processes. In this study, the students' mental capacity and the mental demand of the given problems were examined. The principal findings of the study are as follows; (1) There was no significant difference among achievement scores of subjects (3rd grade students of middle school, 2nd grade students of high school, 3rd grade students of high school) in the items of balance that needed specific content knowledge. But, in the Newton's 2nd law items that needed specific content knowledge, there was significant difference be ween3rd grade students of middle school and high school students(2nd, 3rd). According to increase of mental demand, middle school students' achievement score appeared to decrease linearly. However high school students' achievement score didn't change untill they faced the items of critical mental demand. When mental demand was beyond critical mental demand,their score was decreased rapidly. (2) According to hierchical analysis of items, the more mental demand an item needed, the higher or at least the same hierachical item was. These results showed that mental demand was the main factor which decided diffculties of problem solving (3) It was possible for students to solve the newton's 2nd law item that had one or two more mental demand relative to balance beam item. Although the item needed the same mental demand.students recognized that the Newton's 2nd law items were easier than the balance beam items.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-418
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to measure effects of the following items to pain and pain behavior reaction in patients with chronic orofacial pain. Items that contribute to the first factor(Environmental Influences) measure environmental sources of information that may affect illness behavior; Second factro(Loss of Control) measure appraisals and attributions perceived to influence personal views aobut pain; Third factor(Health Care Avoidance) measures a variety of avoidant behaviors; Fouth factor(Past and Current Experiences) measures experiences with treatment); Fifth factor(Physiological Responsivity) measures physiological parameters that are experienced in association with pain; Sixth factor(Thoughts of Disease Progression) measures thoughts regarding the etiology and progression of disease in relation to pain. 150 patients that were consist of 40 male and 110 female were participated in this study. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. Environmental influences and loss of control scales were recorded high score in patients with chronic orofacial pain 2. "Physician's descriptions of what your pain will be like" and "Physician's facial expression when they ask about your pain" items from the environmental influences were recorded high score. These results indicated that responsibility of doctro is very important to the pain reaction behavior of patients. Also, items from thoughts regarding the etiology and progression of disease in relation to pain influenced to the pain reaction. 3. There were significant defferences on the "nurses' descriptions of what you pain will be like", "physician's and nurses' facial expression when they ask about your pain", "TV and radio", and "Literature" items from the environmental influences between male and female patients. 4. There were no significant differences on the each scale between arthrogenous and combitnation group and significant correlated with all 6 scales.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2019

Purpose : Wellness tourism is defined as travel for the purpose of promoting health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual activities. The development and verification of a comprehensive wellness program for health care for workers is needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wellness and skin health effects of skin health programs in order to develop high-value health care services. Methods : The subjects were 15 middle-aged women who understood the research and volunteered and participated in the two-day skin health wellness program. Participants were measured to determine their wellness index and skin health twice: before and after participating in the program. Wellness index measures include comprehensive wellness, physical wellness, mental wellness, emotional wellness, social/cultural wellness, financial wellness, and environmental wellness. Skin health measurement items consisted of skin oil, skin water, skin pore, skin elasticity, skin wrinkle, and skin pigment. The skin wellness program included aerobic exercise, endurance exercise, functional food, cosmetics, herbal tea, massages, spa treatments, meditation, and marine leisure sports. The t-test analysis was used to compare the difference between wellness index and skin health measurement items before and after the program. Results : Among the wellness index items, the comprehensive wellness index (p<.05), mental wellness index (p<.05) and environmental wellness index (p<.05) showed statistically significant differences. Among skin health items, skin oil (p<.05), skin elasticity (p<.01) and skin wrinkle (p<.01) all showed statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in physical wellness, emotional wellness, social/cultural wellness, financial wellness, skin water, skin pore and skin pigment. Conclusion : This study confirmed that the two-day complex wellness program is an effective program for some items of wellness index and skin health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to develop a devided skist Pattern drafting method for Korean Women between the ages of 18$\~$24 on the basis of their physical characteristics which differs from those of other races in its size and figure. The study procednras are as follows : 1, A new devided skirt pattern drafting method is developed based on the results of draping to find the essential measuring items for devided skirt construction, 27 items of KAIST measurement data analysis to establish representative and independent items and fitting tests. 2. To establish fittness and comfort in the new pattern comparing it with in a conventional one, asensory evaluation is applied. According to the statistical analysis of the results of the sensory evaluation, the findings are as followings ; 1. Composite reliability coefficient is 0.68. 2. Qut of 30 items, 25 items for fittness show significant differences (pp$\leqq$0.05, p$\leqq$0.01, P$\leqq$0.001) between the two, with the new pattern better fitted, presenting a pleasing appearance in hormony with the figure and contributing to the wearer's sense of wellbeing. 3. Hip crotch and hem dimensions for comfort show significant differences (p$\leqq$0.05) between the two, with the new pattern more comfortable, but no significant difference is showed between the two in activity variable. 4. The new pattern drafting method is shown in figuke 4.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.370-377
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of different environments on the application of hemiplegia patients circuit balance training. Group 1 performed circuit balance training without any auditory intervention Group 2 performed training in noiseless environments and Group 3 performed training in white noise environments. First, among lower extremity muscular strength evaluation items, maximum activity time(MAT) was not significantly different(p>.05). Maximum muscle strength(MMS) increased significantly in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in MMS among the groups. Average muscle strength(AMS) indexes also significantly increased in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in AMS among the groups. Second, among balancing ability evaluation items, Berg's balance scale(BBS) scores significantly increased in all groups(p<.05), BBS scores were significantly difference among the groups. Based on the results, Group 1, 2 and Group 1, 3 showed significant increases (p<.05). Functional reach test(FRT) values significantly increased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in FRT values among the groups. Timed up and go(TUG) test values significantly decreased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in TUG test values among the groups. Third, among walking speed evaluation items, the time required to walk 10m significantly decreased in all groups(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Average walking speeds showed significant increases in Group 1, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Based on the results of this study, noise environments should be improved by either considering auditory interventions and noiseless environments, or by ensuring that white noise environments facilitate the enhancement of balancing ability.