• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.134-146
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• 2008

This study measured the body parts of female adults in their 20s, 40s and 60s living in Japan and analyzed and examined the measures by age group in order to provide the basic data required for the somatics study of Koreans living abroad. The subjects were 304 women in their 20s, 40s and 60s born in Japan and living in Osaka at present, and 81 items were measured. The major results of this study are described below. All women in their 20s, 40s and 60s showed significant differences in weight, waist size and abdominal size. The 19 height items of which group were different from the measurements of the women in their 60s. All 20 length items displayed a significant difference by age group. The significant differences by age group were also observed in eight items of 12 width items, 10 items of 13 thickness items and 13 items of 14 girth items except the ankle girth. The weight measurements had a significant difference by age group(${\le}0.05$). The women in their 20s, 40s and 60s revealed almost similar values in the shoulder angles. As a result of the analysis above, the items that were considered being included in the obesity items in all age groups displayed significant personal differences. The women in their 20s had the largest sizes in the length and height items. The older the age, the higher the measures of width and girth items were. Those results helped to estimate the change of figures by torso by age.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

Purpose - This research was to help distribution of Go Bags (Survival Bag or Disaster Supplies Kit), which are useful for disaster preparedness, by surveying precomposed Go Bag items in internet shopping malls. Research design, data, and methodology - We checked 15 items including food, water, first aid kit, radio, flashlight or candles, battery, lighter or matches, whistle, blanket, towel, toilet paper, personal sanitations, raincoat, can opener, disaster manual in Go Bags based on the recommendations by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. The number of items and price, domestic product, accreditation were compared using a Chi-square test. The Pearson's R was also used to summarize the strength of the linear relationship between the number of items and price, sub-items. Results - Mean of the sub-items was 21, and mean of the items was 8. There was a statistically significant difference between the number of items size and the price level (p=.014). There was also a statistically significant difference between the number of items and sub-items (p<.001), and correlation coefficient was a positive linear relationship of .467. Conclusions - Only eight were sold in the internet shopping malls as a precomposed Go Bag items. Even the approved Go Bags had no difference in the number of items. Higher prices had a relatively greater number of items, and it had a positive correlation between the size of sub-items and items.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify the difference between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of primiparae during the early postpartum period. The goal of the study was to obtain data needed to develope maternal education programs and to improve the nursing quality for primipara. The subjects were 111 primiparae who had normal delivery at 2 general hospitals in the Seoul area. The data was gathered using an 81 items questionnaire which was developed by the researcher from Nov. 30, 1995 to Feb. 5, 1996. Results found are as follows : 1. The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 26-30yrs(60.4%), high school graduated(49.5%), jobless(52.3%), had no religion(49.5%), no antenatal(74.5%), and postnatal education on self and infant care(55.9%). A large proportion of primiparae intended to feed breast milk(49.5%) but in fact only 7.2% fed breast milk while in the hospital. Many subjects perceived that they had reasonable self confidence about self care(46.8%), and infant care(36%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care was relatively high(Mn 3.98) but the level of satisfaction was of average level(Mn 3.09). Therefore, difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 3. The nursing needs by category of nursing care the highest need was on the education of infant care(4.29), the lowest was on physical care(3.80). The level of satisfaction was higher on environmental care(3.40) and physical care(3.32). But the category that showed the lowest satisfaction was education of infant care(2.67). Hence, difference of categories between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 4. Among items of physical care, observation of primiparas' conditions(4.21), accurate medication and treatment(4.18), care of breast engorgement(4.07) and control of postpartal hemorrage(4.01) showed high nursing needs. On the other hand, only the level of satisfaction was higher on accurate medication and treatment(3.82). The rest of items revealed only average level of satisfactions. Difference of items between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001) except items of dietary care. 5. Among items of psychological care, 8 items of nursing needs were high(3.72-4.29), expecially detailed explanation on which mothers want to know(4.29), treatment and nursing care they receive(4.23), kind and faithful care(4.22), early contacts with their baby(4.20), and adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18). Among items of psychological care higher satisfactions were shown on items of kind and faithful care(3.80), personal treatment(3.70), and detailed explanation to mothers, but the least satisfied items was early contact with baby(2.13). Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant(p=0.0001). 6. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction was on the items of neat bedding and pajamas(3.54). The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 7. Among the items of educational needs on self care, all of 22 items revealed higher educational needs(3.50-4.33) but the levels of satisfaction varied with a range of 2.63-3.42. Among the items the satisfactions were high on items of breast care including massages(3.42), perineal care(3.36) and expression of breast milk(3.32). Less satisfied items were drugs not be taken by breast milk feeder(2.63), maintenance of breast figure(2.76) and postpartum exercise(2.80) and so on. The difference was significant(p=0.0001). maintain 8. Among the items of educational needs on infant care, 19 items revealed higher educational needs(3.28-4.54). And the highest need were on the 3 items of normal growth and development of infant, safety and emergency care, symptoms of sick(4.45) and the meaning of crying of the baby(4.52). The level of satisfaction among items of education of infant care ranged from 2.47 to 3.16. Most satisfied items were buriping(3.16), bathing(3.11) and diapering(3.09). The items of which the mother's needs were high revealed the lowest satisfaction level. The difference was significant (p=0.0001). 9. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among primiparae of different characteristics were as follows : 1) Nursing needs of physical and psychological areas were significantly different among different age levels but no relationship was found on other categories regardless of the level of satisfaction. 2) With regard to different levels of education, some relationship was found in nursing needs of psychological area(p=0.007), educational needs on infant care(p=0.04) and environmental care(p=0.01). Also, the difference of satisfaction level was significant. 3) Working mothers had higher nursing needs and were more satisfied on items of physical care(p=0.05), education on self care and infant care. Difference were significant between nursing needs and level of satisfaction. 4) With regards to different religion a moderate relation was found between nursing needs of environmental care infant care education but no relationship was found on levels of satisfaction. 5) With regards to antenatal education, the mothers who have had no antenatal education revealed higher nursing needs on physical care but those who had antenatal education were more satisfied with education on self care and infant care. The difference was significant. (p=0.0001). 6) With regards to postpartum education, the mothers who have had some sort of postpartum education revealed higher nursing needs on physical and self care. And they were more satisfied with nursing of every category except infant care than mothers who had not any postpartum education. Differences was significant between the nursing needs and levels of satisfaction.(p=0.0001). 7) With regards to breast feeding experience during the hospitalization, those who had no experience of breast feeding revealed higher nursing needs on physical care in contrast to breast feeders, who had higher educational needs on infant care. And breast feeder were more satisfied with all categories. Differences was significant(p=0.0001). 8) With regards to perception of self confidence on self care and infant care, no relationship was found on nursing needs and level of satisfaction in every category of nursing.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Stroke medical examination patients. The subjects in this study were 58 Stroke medical examination patients and 58 Non-Stroke medical examination patients, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were significant, differences in the 16 items of State anxiety scale among 20 items and the 14 items of Trait anxiety scale among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 2. There were significant differences in the 14 items of SDS among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of STAI and SDS between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.001 respectively). 4. There were no significant relationships between State anxiety & Trait anxiety, State anxiety & Depression, Trait anxiety & Depression in the Stroke medical examination patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to estimate the industrial worker's knowledge, attitude, and practice about occupational health and to provide the basic data for the development of industrial health services. The study was undertaken from January 15 to January 30, 1993. 549 industrial workers at the Industrial Complex located in Chonbuk Province were participated in this study. The results were as follows; 1. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice leveles of Workers about Occupational Health. The levels were measured by five point scale. The mean score of knowledge was 2. 59 point out of 4. The mean score of attitude was 2.37 point out of 4. The mean score of practice was 2. 38 point out of 4. 2. The analysis of their knowledge" attitude, and practice about general characteristics. 1) There was significant difference among different age groups. $(P{\leqq}0.0001)$ -. The group of age 25-29 was the highest value in knowledge and attitude. -. The group of age over 50 was highest value in practice. 2) There was significant difference between sexual groups in all items. -. Male workers were higher than Female workers in all items. (P=0.0000) 3) There was significant difference according to the marital status in all items. -. Married workers were higher than Single workers in all items. (P = 0.0000) 4) There was significant difference among different groups of educational level in attitude and practice. (P<0.05) The value was positivly correlated to their educational level. 5) There was significant difference among the groups of job-part in knowledge and practice. (P=0.000, P=0.031) -. Office workers were higher than Production workers in all items. 6) There was significant difference among different group of job experience in knowledge and attitude. (P=0.0000. P=0.0387) The value was positively correlated to the years length of job experience. 7) There was significant difference among the groups of different monthly income in all items. (P=0.000) The value was positively correlated to their monthly income.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2023

In this paper, building information modelling (BIM) associated to the principle of significant items emerged at quantities and costs in the optimization of productivity related to the rehabilitation of the building where proposed and discussed. A quantitative and qualitative study related to the field of application based on some parameters such as pathology diagnosis, projects documents and bills of quantities were used for model development at the preliminary stage of this work. The study identified 14 quantities significant items specified to cost value based on the use of the 80/20 Pareto rule, through the integration of building information modelling (BIM) in the optimisation of labour productivity for rehabilitation of buildings. The results of this study reveal the reliability and the improvement of labour productivity using building information modelling process integrating quantities and cost significant items.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1992

This study tried to find out the effect to types of test items upon the momentum effect. The previous studies showed that the momentum effect is influenced by stduents' congnitive levels and the abstractness of test items. In this study focused on the types of test items The test items are divided into 4 different types of quantitative and qualitative, verbal and image. The result showed that qualitative items showed a longer momentum effect than quantitative ones. The image items and verbal items did not show significant difference in the duration of momentum effect. The interpretation of this would need a careful psychological analysis. Anyhow, this result reconfirmed the existence of the momentum effect and showed that the study on the momentum effect could be a Significant research paradigm.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing purchasing behavior, clothing preference images of the elderly woman according the fashion Items by 3 age groups(65-69 yr, 70-74 yr, over 75 yr). The subjects in this study were 372 elderly women over sixty-five years old in Kimhae and Busan. The major objectives of this study were as follow; 1. Compare the differences in the fashion interest according to the age groups. 2. Compare the differences in the clothing behaviors according to the age groups. 3. Compare the differences in the preference styles of the clothing items according to the age groups. 4. Relationship between age and clothing preference images according the fashion items. The results were as follows: 1. In the fashion interests, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in following fashion interest. 2. In the clothing behaviors according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in the outer, the upper, the underwear, the sportswear and the accessories. 3. In the clothing preference styles according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in the length of jacket, the pants, the skirt. 4. In the clothing preference images according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in all images of the jacket, the pants, the skirt and the one-piece dress.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between anthropometric data of foot and other body sizes. to categorize the foot shape of elementary school boys and to find out determinant factors related the foot that enable us to deduce the foot shape and size for the design of more comfortable shoes. Subjects of this study were 249 elementary school boys of age ranged from 6 to 11 residing Seoul and lncheon area. Anthropometric sizes were measured with the direct measurement method using Martin scales and the indirect measurement method using digital photos. Pearson's correlation, factor analysis. cluster analysis. analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and cross tabs were performed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS program. From the investigation on the relationship between foot-related items and body items, most items of foot measure were significantly related to body size items. However, angle of the foot did not related to other body sizes although other height items and mass items of the foot did have relationships with other body sizes. Results of ANOVA indicated there were significant differences in foot-related items except for items of foot angle and all body anthropometric items by subjects' age. This implicates big toe angle, little toe angle and foot ratio factors are required in sizing shoes besides foot length. On the basis of cluster analysis using factor scores. three different foot shapes were categorized. Type 1 was large and wide foot, Type 2 was small and narrow foot with large toe angle. and Type 3 was medium foot with no deformity on big toe. These three groups show significant differences in almost all measurement items. However, Rorher index and foot angle didn't show any significant differences among groups. This implicates the foot shape can be a determinant of shoe size.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.593-604
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• 1997

The job characteristics and competencies of 285 dietitians in employee foodservices were investigated by worker-oriented job analysis methodology. The purposes of this study were to : a) determine the knowledge, abilities, skills and other characteristics(KASO, hereafter) needed for dietitians in two types of employee foodservice groups(self-operated vs. contracted) and b) the analysis of the degree of frequency and importance and entry requirements of KASO items listed below : their degree of frequency, the level of importance and their function as entry requirements. The 134 KASO items would be divided into 12 task categories. The questionnaire was mailed to 250 dietitians who are members of The Korean Dietetic Association Practice Group in self-operated foodservices(hereafter group A) and 250 dietitians who are employed in contracted foodservice companies(hereafter group B). Completed questionnaires were received from 285 dietitians(121 in self-operated, 164 in contracted) ; with a response rate of 57%. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS/win and the SAS/win packages. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Analysis of the degree of frequency, importance and entry requirements of 134 KASO items in group A showed a high priority(score〉4.0) placed on 14 items in relation to dietetic tasks and 9 items in relation to human attributes, whereas in group B 19 items in relation to dietetic tasks and 11 items in relation to human attributes. 2) Comparing responses about the KASO items in the 12 task categories, there was a significant difference between the two sample groups with regard to degree of frequency : group A scored 3.29, group B scored 3.50(p〈0.01). With regard to importance of KASO items in 12 task categories, group A scored 3.78 and group B scored 3.88 showing no significant differences. With to entry requirements of KASO items in 12 task categories, group A scored 3.29 and group B scored 3.46 showing a significant difference(p〈0.05). (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 593-604, 1997)