• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2020

In this study, the acidic lipase from Aspergillus niger (ANL) was homologously expressed in A. niger. The expression of ANL was significantly improved by the expression of the native ANL with the introns, the addition of the Kozak sequence and the optimization of the signal sequences. When the cDNA sequence of ANL fused with the glaA signal was expressed under the gpdA promoter in A. niger, no lipase activity could be detected. We then tried to improve the expression by using the full-length ANL gene containing three introns, and the lipase activity in the supernatant reached 75.80 U/ml, probably as a result of a more stable mRNA structure. The expression was further improved to 100.60 U/ml by introducing a Kozak sequence around the start codon due to a higher translation efficiency. Finally, the effects of three signal sequences including the cbhI signal, the ANL signal and the glaA signal on the lipase expression were evaluated. The transformant with the cbhI signal showed the highest lipase activity (314.67 U/ml), which was 1.90-fold and 3.13-fold higher than those with the ANL signal and the glaA signal, respectively. The acidic lipase was characterized and its highest activity was detected at pH 3.0 and a temperature of 45℃. These results provided promising strategies for the production of the acidic lipase from A. niger.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1992

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus circulans F-2 RSDA gene, coding for raw starch digesting a-amylase (RSDA), has been determined. The RSDA structure gene consists of an open reading frame of 2508 bp. Six bp upstream of the translational start codon of the RSDA is a typical gram-positive Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the RSDA encodes a preprotein of 836 amino acids with an Mr of 96, 727. The gene was expressed from its own regulatory region in E. coli and two putative consensus promoter sequences were identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and an ATG start codon. Confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained and the signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by N-terminal analysis of the purified RSDA. The deduced N-terminal region of the RSDA conforms to the general pattern for the signal peptides of secreted prokaryotic proteins. The complete amino acid sequence was deduced and homology with other enzymes was compared. The results suggested that the Thr-Ser-rich hinge region and the non-catalytic domain are necessary for efficient adsorption onto raw substrates, and the catalytic domain (60 kDa) is necessary for the hydrolysis of substrates, as suggested in previous studies (8, 9).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.447-449
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• 1993

Digital filter is a signal processor which converts the sequence input sampled from analog signal into another sequence output. It includes software routines which filter digital signal, a computer system for executing the routines, and a data acquisition system which implements A/D, D/A signal conversion. In this paper, a data acquisition system is designed and implemented for one-board computer of MC68000. Also, the theory regarding signal conversion and and its problems occured in implementation are considered. And then, with the hardware implemented like this, design of a digital low-pass filter with the cutoff frequency of 200Hz is implemented, and related characteristics are considered.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권11호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 다양한 길이와 종류의 수열을 사용한 STDR(sequence time domain reflectometry) 및 SSTDR(spread spectrum time domain reflectometry) 기법의 고장위치 탐지 성능을 비교하고, SSTDR 기법의 성능 향상을 위한 인가신호 제거 방식을 제안한다. 대표적인 PN(pseudo-noise) 수열인 m 수열, 자기상관(autocorrelation) 성질이 우수한 이진(binary) Barker 수열과 4위상 Frank 수열을 사용하였을 때, 전력선 채널 모형에서 고장 유형, 고장위치, 제안 기법 사용 유무를 바꾸어가며 오탐지율을 비교 분석한다. 감쇠가 심할 때와 고장위치가 매우 가까울 때 제안한 인가신호 제거 방식을 사용하면 고장위치 탐지 성능을 크게 개선시킬 수 있음을 모의실험으로 확인한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.782-791
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the signal intensity of the periosteum using ultrashort echo time pulse sequence with three-dimensional cone trajectory (3D UTE) with or without fat suppression (FS) to distinguish from artifacts in porcine tibias. Materials and Methods: The periosteum and overlying soft tissue of three porcine lower legs were partially peeled away from the tibial cortex. Another porcine tibia was prepared as three segments: with an intact periosteum outer and inner layer, with an intact periosteum inner layer, and without periosteum. Axial T1 weighted sequence (T1 WI) and 3D UTE (FS) were performed. Another porcine tibia without periosteum was prepared and subjected to 3D UTE (FS) and T1 WI twice, with positional changes. Two radiologists analyzed images to reach a consensus. Results: The three periosteal tissues that were partially peeled away from the cortex showed a high signal in 3D UTE (FS) and low signal on T1 WI. 3D UTE (FS) showed a high signal around the cortical surface with an intact outer and inner periosteum, and subtle high signals, mainly around the upper cortical surfaces with the inner layer of the periosteum and without periosteum. T1 WI showed no signal around the cortical surfaces, regardless of the periosteum state. The porcine tibia without periosteum showed changes in the high signal area around the cortical surface as the position changed in 3D UTE (FS). No signal was detected around the cortical surface in T1 WI, regardless of the position change. Conclusion: The periosteum showed a high signal in 3D UTE and 3D UTE FS that overlapped with artifacts around the cortical bone.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권6B호
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• pp.1015-1023
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 임펄스성 광대역 재밍 환경에서 직접 시퀀스 확산 대역(direct-sequence spread spectrum: DS/SS) 신호를 강인하게 포착하는 기법을 제안한다. 광대역 재밍 신호의 영향을 완화하기 위하여 미디언(median) 필터를 이용하여 수신 신호를 전처리한다. 빠른 포착을 위해서는 PN 시퀀스의 일부만으로 포착 여부를 판정해야 하므로, 포착기를 분석적으로 설계하기 위해서는 PN 시퀀스의 부분 상관 함수에 대한 적절한 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 미디언 필터로 처리한 PN 신호의 부분 상관 함수를 근사적인 상한을 이용하여 조각적 선형 모델로 모델링한다. 제안된 포착 방식의 성능을 기존의 방법과 비교하여 전산 모의 실험을 통해 분석적인 설계 방법을 검증한다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2016

The main goal was to evaluate effectiveness of a modified TSE sequence compared with DIR (double inversion recovery) sequence in acquisition of fast flow brain vessel images using signal void effect. 32 healthy volunteers (10 men and 22 women; mean age of 31 years; ranging between 28-43 years) who underwent black blood DIR sequence (group A) and the modified TSE sequence (group B) were enrolled in our study. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) of the internal carotid arteries' lumen were compared in T1 and T2 weighted images for both group A and B. The images obtained from group B showed lower SNR values in internal carotid artery than the group A in both of the T1 and T2 weighted images (11.49% and 13.66% respectively). While the CNR values were higher in the group B than the group A in both of the T1 and T2 weighted images (8.69% and 7.55 % respectively). The qualitative score of all categories were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore approximately 49% of the total scan time was reduced from group B. Our study is to shorten the scanning time and minimize the inconveniences of the patients in acquisition of the black blood images of brain by using the signal void effect in the modified TSE technique while keeping the diagnostic value of the test.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

MRI imaging provides many benefits such as noninvasive, 3-dimensional imaging capabilities. But it has relatively serious drawback that is the long data collection time, compared with other imaging modality. Many studies have been performed for fast MR imaging. But EPI and SEPI (4-6) are required to expensive hardware. In this paper, we introduce to Burst imaging technique. It can reduce imaging time by use of a mulitple RF excitation technique. Further it is easily implemented to the normal MRI system. But a pixel profile in the conventional burst sequence is so poor that excited area by burst sequence is a small portion of a pixel. This causes poor signal to noise ratio in burst image. therefore frequency sweeping of RF pulse for burst imaging sequence is proposed to improve pixel profile. A burst pulse train is shaped by liner or nonlinear frequency sweeping function so that all the spins within a pixel are excited, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio. It also shows that the pixel profiles are dependent on how frequency sweep is made. Computer simulations with Bloch equation and experimental results obtained using a 1.0 T NMR imaging system are presented.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1984

본 논문에서는 direct sequence(DS) 방식을 이용한 spread spectrum system에 사용할 수 있는 빠른 초기 동기 방법을 제안하였다. 수식적인 모델을 세우고 해석을 한 후 computer simulation을 거쳐 제안된 system의 성능을 분석하여 sliding correlator에 비해 우수함을 입증하였다. 입력 신호의 signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)가 -18dB에서 초기 동기 시간이 45ms 소요되었다. 이 방법의 hardsware 구현과 실험 결과도 설명하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.1041-1046
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a robust watermark scheme for image based on SVD(Singular Value Transform) and Triplet. First, the original image is decomposed by using 3-level DWT, and then used the singular values changed for embedding and extracting of the watermark sequence in LL3 band. Since the matrix of singular values is not easily altered with various signal processing noises, the embedded watermark sequence has the ability to withstand various signal processing noise attacks. Nevertheless, this method does not guarantee geometric transformation(such as rotation, cropping, etc.) because the geometric transformation changes the matrix size. In this case, the watermark sequence cannot be extracted. To compensate for the above weaknesses, a method which uses the triplet for embedding a barcode image watermark in the middle of frequency band is proposed. In order to generate the barcode image watermark, the pattern of the watermark sequence embedded in a LL3 band is used. According to this method, the watermark information can be extracted from attacked images.