• 제목/요약/키워드: signal molecule

검색결과 155건 처리시간 0.03초

련화향(蓮花香) 정유액이 glioma cell에 미치는 효과 (Effects of the Essential Oil of Nelumbo nucifera Flower on Glioma Cells)

  • 김인자;이주연;최방섭;김근우;구병수
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.111-122
    • /
    • 2008
  • Objective : Herb medicines are potential sources of useful edible and medicinal plants. They are used as a drug because of their various biological activities such as immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antitumor functions. Nelumbo nucifera have been applied in Chinese herbal prescriptions to improve tissue inflammation. However, it has not been elucidated on the effect of the flower of Nelumbo nucifera in cells. Method : In the present study, to examine the effect of that on glioma cells, U87, the essential oil was extracted from the flower of Nelumbo nucifera (NN essential oil). U87 cells were exposed to different concentrations of 2-40 ug/ml of NN essential oil in ethanol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay at 24 h. To find out the intracellular target signal molecule(s) for this antiproliferative activity of NN essential oil, phosphorylation of Akt, ERM, MAPK or p38 proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. To study long term effect of NN essential oil in U87 cells, the image of cells treated with NN essential oil for 4 days were obtained. Results and Conclusion : NN essential oil was shown to exhibit antitumor activity in glioma cells, at a broad range of concentrations of 10-40 ug/ml. The phosphorylation of Akt and Endoplasmic Reticulum Matrix (ERM) proteins which known to be involved in the cell death, were gradually decreased to 2 hours after addition 20 ug/ml of NN essential oil. However, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) and p38 was found to increase in NN essential oil treated cells. NN essential oil treated cells showed decreased glioma cell number. These results provide a possible NN essential oil-induced inhibitory signal for tumor cell proliferation that is initiated by the decrease in Akt activity. Moreover, it is likely that the activation of p38 is required for the NN essential oil-induced inhibition of tumor proliferation.

  • PDF

항원인 마뇨산에 결합된 도파민을 이용한 전기화학적 면역 분석법 (Electrochemical Immunoassay based on the Dopamine-antigen Conjugate for Detecting Hippuric Acid)

  • 최영봉;전원용;김혁한
    • 전기화학회지
    • /
    • 제17권3호
    • /
    • pp.172-178
    • /
    • 2014
  • 이 논문에서는 체내에 존재하는 작은 유기물의 하나인 마뇨산을 빠르고 정량적으로 검출하기 위하여 전기화학적 면역분석법을 이용하였다. 마뇨산은 톨루엔이 인체에 노출되었을 때의 주된 신진 대사 물질로서 대표적인 생화학적 지표물질이다. 톨루엔 노출에 대한 신속하고 정확한 관찰은 산업현장에서 건강관리를 위하여 매우 중요하다. 그래서 마뇨산을 빠르고 정확하게 검출하기 위하여 전기화학적 면역분석법을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 새로운 면역분석방법은 전기화학적 활성물질의 하나인 도파민을 측정물질인 마뇨산과 직접 공유결합을 통하여 항원이 포함된 복합체를 합성하였다. 전기화학적 측면에서 도파민은 두 개의 하이드록시기를 가지고 있어 매우 뛰어난 산화/환원 신호를 보인다. 또한 도파민-마뇨산 복합물도 뛰어난 산화/환원 신호를 보이기 때문에 면역 분석에 적합하다. 도파민-마뇨산 복합물과 마뇨산의 항체와의 균질경쟁반응을 전기화학적인 방법을 통하여 관찰하였다. 본 면역분석을 통하여 실시한 결과는 마뇨산의 농도가 0.010~2.500 mg/mL 까지 정량적으로 분석됨으로써 실제 면역 센서에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Choriocarcinoma 세포주 BeWo 세포에서 nitric oxide에 의한 phospholipase Cγ 의 활성 (Activation of Phospholipase Cγ by Nitric Oxide in Choriocarcinoma Cell Line, BeWo Cells)

  • 차문석;곽종영
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제13권6호
    • /
    • pp.849-855
    • /
    • 2003
  • NO는 태반의 영양모세포의 증식에서 중요한 신호전달인자로서 작용을 한다. 본 연구에서는 choriocarcinoma 세포주인 BeWo 세포에서 NO에 의한 세포의 증식에서PLC의 관련성을 조사하였다. 세포 내 NO 생성을 자연적으로 유발하는 약물인 SNP를 단독으로 처리하였을 때 BeWo 세포에서 $[^3H]$thymidine의 축적 양이 현저히 증가하였는데 이러한 결과는 NO가 BeWo 세포의 증식을 촉진한다는 것을 보여주고 있다. NO에 의한 BeWo 세포의 증식은 PLC의 억제제인 U73122에 의하여 현저히 감소하였다. BeWo 세포에 SNP를 10분간 처리하였을 때 ERK1/2의 인산화가 증가되는 것을 Western blot으로 확인하였다. 이들 인산화는 U73122에 의하여 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. $PLC\gamma_1$$PLC\gamma_2$에 대한 특이 항체를 이용한 면역침전을 시행한 후 phosphotyrosine에 대한 항체인 PY로 Western blotting을 시행하였을 때 PLC${\gamma}$$_1$은 SNP에 의하여 tyrosine 잔기의 인산화가 이루어졌으나 $PLC\gamma_2$는 인산화가 되지 않았다. SNP에 의한 $PLC\gamma_1$의 인산화는 genistein이나 PD98059를 전 처리하였을 때 억제되었다. 따라서, NO에 의한$PLC\gamma_1$의 tyrosine 인산화는 ERK의 활성을 통하여 일어난다는 것을 알 수 있다 이상의 결과들은 BeWo세포에서 NO는 세포증식을 촉진하며 ERK와 $PLC\gamma_1$의 활성화를 통하여 일어난다는 사실을 제시하고 있다.

RAW 264.7 세포에서 담배잎산말의 TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB 신호전달체계 조절을 통한 항염증 효과 (Desmarestia tabacoides Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Responses via Attenuated TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Cascade in RAW264.7 Cells)

  • 윤현서;안현;박충무
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제33권6호
    • /
    • pp.463-470
    • /
    • 2023
  • Desmarestia tabacoides Okamura는 전 세계적으로 널리 분포하는 갈조류 중 하나이다. 몇몇 산말류의 항종양, 멜라닌 생성 억제 및 광보호 활성에 대한 연구는 있었으나 D. tabacoides Okamura의 항염증 기전에 대해서는 보고되지 않아 본 연구에서는 LPS (lipopolysaccharide)로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 D. tabacoides Okamura 에탄올 추출물(DTEE)의 항염증 기전을 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)와 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2의 발현 및 이들의 상위신호전달물질인 nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 그리고 phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt의 인산화 조절 정도를 통해 분석하였다. DTEE의 처리는 세포 독성 없이 LPS로 유도된 NO와 prostaglandin (PG) E2의 생성과 이들의 생성 효소인 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 그리고 LPS에 의해 활성화된 NF-κB 및 상위 신호 전달 물질인 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) 및 p38은 DTEE 처리에 의해 유의적으로 억제되었다. DTEE의 처리는 RAW 264.7 세포에서 LPS에 의해 활성화되는 adaptor molecule인 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 및 myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) 88 또한 유의적으로 억제하였다. 이 결과를 통해 DTEE는 LPS에 의해 유도된 TLR4와 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 활성을 억제함으로써 염증 매개인자의 발현을 조절하였고, 이는 DTEE가 염증을 완화할 수 있는 기능성 식품의 소재로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Biological Functions of N- and O-linked Oligosaccharides of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin and Lutropin/Chorionicgonadotropin Receptor

  • Min, K. S.
    • 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국동물번식학회 2000년도 국제심포지움
    • /
    • pp.10-12
    • /
    • 2000
  • Members of the glycoprotein family, which includes CG, LH, FSH and TSH, comprise two noncovalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), known as PMSG, has a number of interesting and unique characteristics since it appears to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities in other species than the horse. This dual activity of eCG in heterologous species is of fundamental interest to the study of the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins and their receptors. CG and LH $\beta$ genes are different in primates. In horse, however, a single gene encodes both eCG and eLH $\beta$-subunits. The subunit mRNA levels seem to be independently regulated and their imbalance may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -subunits in the placenta and pituitary. The dual activities of eCG could be separated by removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide on the $\alpha$-subunit Asn 56 or CTP-associated O-linked oligosaccharides. The tethered-eCG was. efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG. Interestingly, the FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was increased markedly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG. These results also suggest that this molecular can implay particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG/indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion. A single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds that have only FSH-like activity. The LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), a membrane glycoprotein that is present on testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca, granulosa, luteal, and interstitial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadal development and function in males as well as in nonpregnant and pregnant females. The LH/CGR is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors and its structure is predicted to consist of a large extracellular domain connected to a bundle of seven membrane-spanning a-helices. The LH/CGR phosphorylation can be induced with a phorbol ester, but not with a calcium ionophore. The truncated form of LHR also was down-regulated normally in response to hCG stimulation. In contrast, the cell lines expressing LHR-t63I or LHR-628, the two phosphorylation-negative receptor mutant, showed a delay in the early phase of hCG-induced desensitization, a complete loss of PMA-induced desensitization, and an increase in the rate of hCG-induced receptor down-regulation. These results clearly show that residues 632-653 in the C-terminal tail of the LHR are involved in PMA-induced desensitization, hCG-induced desensitization, and hCG-induced down-regulation. Recently, constitutively activating mutations of the receptor have been identified that are associated with familial male-precocious puberty. Cells expressing LHR-D556Y bind hCG with normal affinity, exhibit a 25-fold increase in basal cAMP and respond to hCG with a normal increase in cAMP accumulation. This mutation enhances the internalization of the free and agonist-occupied receptors ~2- and ~17-fold, respectively. We conclude that the state of activation of the LHR can modulate its basal and/or agonist-stimulated internalization. Since the internalization of hCG is involved in the termination of hCG actions, we suggest that the lack of responsiveness detected in cells expressing LHR-L435R is due to the fast rate of internalization of the bound hCG. This statement is supported by the finding that hCG responsiveness is restored when the cells are lysed and signal transduction is measured in a subcellular fraction (membranes) that cannot internalize the bound hormone.

  • PDF

Biological Functions of N- and O-linked Oligosaccharides of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin and Lutropin/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor

  • Min, K.S.
    • 한국가축번식학회지
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.357-364
    • /
    • 2000
  • Members of the glycoprotein family, which includes CG, LH, FSH and TSH, comprise two noncovalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), known as PMSG, has a number of interesting and unique characteristics since it appears to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities in other species than the horse. This dual activity of eCG in heterologous species is of fundamental interest to the study of the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins and their receptors. CG and LH $\beta$ genes are different in primates. In horse, however, a single gene encodes both eCG and eLH $\beta$ -subunits. The subunit mRNA levels seem to be independently regulated and their imbalance may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$-subunits in the placenta and pituitary. The dual activities of eCG could be separated by removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide on the $\alpha$-subunit Asn 56 or CTP-associated O-linked oligosaccharides. The tethered-eCG was efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG. Interestingly, the FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was increased markedly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG. These results also suggest that this molecular can implay particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG/indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion. A single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds that have only FSH-like activity. The LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), a membrane glycoprotein that is present on testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca, granulosa, luteal, and interstitial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadal development and function in males as well as in nonpregnant and pregnant females. The LH/CGR is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors and its structure is predicted to of a large extracellular domain connected to a bundle of seven membrane-spanning a-helices. The LH/CGR phosphorylation can be induced with a phorbol ester, but not with a calcium ionophore. The truncated form of LHR also was down-regulated normally in response to hCG stimulation. In contrast, the cell lines expressing LHR-t631 or LHR-628, the two phosphorylation-negative receptor mutant, showed a delay in the early phase of hCG-induced desensitization, a complete loss of PMA-induced desensitization, and an increase in the rate of hCG-induced receptor down-regulation. These results clearly show that residues 632~653 in the C-terminal tail of the LHR are involved in PMA-induced desensitization, hCG-induced desensitization, and hCG-induced down-regulation. Recently, constitutively activating mutations of the receptor have been identified that are associated with familial male-precocious puberty. Cells expressing LHR-D556Y bind hCG with normal affinity, exhibit a 25-fold increase in basal cAMP and respond to hCG with a normal increase in cAMP accumulation. This mutation enhances the internalization of the free and agoinst-occupied receptors ~2- and ~17- fold, respectively. We conclude that the state of activation of the LHR can modulate its basal and/or agonist-stimulated internalization. Since the internalization of hCG is involved in the termination of hCG actions, we suggest that the lack of responsiveness detected in cells expressing LHR-L435R is due to the fast rate of internalization of the bound hCG. This statement is supported by the finding that hCG responsiveness is restored when the cells are lysed and signal transduction is measured in a subcellular fraction (membranes) that cannot internalize the bound hormone.

  • PDF

흡수성 차폐막의 치주조직 재생에 혈소판유래 성장인자가 미치는 영향 (The Effect of PDGF-Loaded Biodegradable Membrane on Early Healing Stage in Guided Tissue Regeneration)

  • 류인철;배규현;설양조;구영;이승진;한수부;최상묵;정종평
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.507-519
    • /
    • 1999
  • The ultimate objective of periodontal treatment is to stop disease progression and to regenerate destroyed periodontal tissues and thereby regain normal function. Growth factors are naturally found polypetides which stimulate many cellular activities pertaining to wound healing by acting as signal molecule in controlling cell movement, proliferation, and matrix production. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is 28,000-35,000 Da molecular weight dimeric protein with 2 long positively charged polypeptide chains connected by sulfide bonds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the initial guided tissue regeneration in a periodontal defect f a beagle dog treated with a biodegradable membrane formed with polylactic acid (poly-L-lactic acid) and polyglycolic acid loaded with 200ng/$cm^2$ platelet derived growth factor. 2 beagle dogs were used in he experiment. $5mm{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone defect was formed in upper and lower canines and third premolars and a reference notch was placed. PDGF-BB non-containing membrane was used as control. Each defect was randomly assigned to the test roup or the control group. The dogs were sacrificed 3 weeks after membrane placement. Toluidine blue and multiple staining was done for histological analysis. In the 3 week specimen in the control group, no new one formation could be seen. Small amount f bone resorption below the notch could be seen. In the notch, loose connective tissue with infiltration of inflammatory cells could be seen. Also thin discontinuous new cementum could be seen and the membrane still retained its structure. Where PDGF-BB containing membrane was used, new bone formation could be seen in the notch at weeks and also continuous thin cementum could be seen. PDL cells were observed between new bone and new cementum and some were attached to bone and cementum. These results suggest that new bone and cementum formation seen when PDGF-BB loaded membrane was used was due to inhibition of downgrowth of epithelial cells and also due to continuous release of the growth factor. Further study on the resorption characteristics of the membrane nd the release characteristics of the PDGF-BB is necessary. Also, development of a membrane easier to use clinically is necessary.

  • PDF

활락효령단(活絡效靈丹)이 Angiogenesis 억제기전(抑制機轉)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Study on the Effect of Hwallakhyoreungdan(活絡效靈丹) on Angiogenic Inhibition Mechanism)

  • 나기환;최승훈;안규석
    • 대한한방종양학회지
    • /
    • 제4권1호
    • /
    • pp.17-36
    • /
    • 1998
  • This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Hwallakhyoreungdan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism. In order to investigate the effects of Hwallakhyoreungdan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism, MTT assay, cell adhesive inhibition effect, DNA fragmantaion analysis, Nuclear condensation assay, FACScan analysis, Angiogenic lumen formation assay, Immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR for mRNA expression, Western blot analysis and Confocal analysis for $Ca^{2+}$ change were performed. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The cell adhesive inhibition ability was strong from $5{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The $G_0/G_1$ arrest peak was existed on ECV304 cell-line. 3. The cells on Collagen plate were inhibition of proliferation and inducement of apoptosis by HR water extract. 4. Angiogenic lumen formation was inhibited by HR water extract. 5. LFA-1 and ELAM-1's expression were inhibited by HR water extract. They are commenly participation on inflammation and tumor regeneration. 6. The expression of MMP-9 and uPA were inhibited by HR water extract. 7. The expression of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ was inhibited by HR water extract. 8. The expression of intracellular molecule were successively inhibited by HR water extract therefore the proliferation of ECV304 cell line was stopped and apoptosis was induced. 9. The change of $Ca^{2+}$ was decreased by HR water extract it cause confusion of signal transduction pathway therefore it was take part in apoptosis. According to the results, Hwallakhyoreungdan showed to be a key antaonist of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$, and to be induction of apoptosis by p53 through flow cytometry. This report also demonstrated that expressions of MMP-9 and uPA was blocked under the angiogenesis model. Thus, we suggests that Hwallakhyoreungdan blocks angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis of ECV304 and ECVPAR cell lines and another oriental herbal medicine that treats blood-stasis type also has angiogenic inhibition effects.

  • PDF

A LysM Domain-Containing Protein LtLysM1 Is Important for Vegetative Growth and Pathogenesis in Woody Plant Pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae

  • Harishchandra, Dulanjalee Lakmali;Zhang, Wei;Li, Xinghong;Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage Thilini;Hyde, Kevin David;Brooks, Siraprapa;Yan, Jiye;Peng, Junbo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제36권4호
    • /
    • pp.323-334
    • /
    • 2020
  • Lysin motif (LysM) proteins are reported to be necessary for the virulence and immune response suppression in many herbaceous plant pathogens, while far less is documented in woody plant pathogens. In this study, we preliminarily characterized the molecular function of a LysM protein LtLysM1 in woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Transcriptional profiles revealed that LtLysM1 is highly expressed at infectious stages, especially at 36 and 48 hours post inoculation. Amino acid sequence analyses revealed that LtLysM1 was a putative glycoprotein with 10 predicted N-glycosylation sites and one LysM domain. Pathogenicity tests showed that overexpressed transformants of LtLysM1 displayed increased virulence on grapevine shoots in comparison with that of wild type CSS-01s, and RNAi transformants of LtLysM1 exhibited significantly decreased lesion length when compared with that of wild type CSS-01s. Moreover, LtLysM1 was confirmed to be a secreted protein by a yeast signal peptide trap assay. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana together with protein immunoblotting confirmed that LtLysM1 was an N-glycosylated protein. In contrast to previously reported LysM protein Slp1 and OsCEBiP, LtLysM1 molecule did not interact with itself based on yeast two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that LtLysM1 is a secreted protein and functions as a critical virulence factor during the disease symptom development in woody plants.

Identification of Petroselinic Acid (Cis-6-octadecenoic Acid) in the Seed Oils of Some of the Family Umbelliferae (Panax schinseng, Aralia continentalis and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus) by GC-MS, IR, $^1H-and$ $^13C-NMR$ Spectroscopic Techniques

  • Kim, Seong-Jin
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
    • /
    • 제22권4호
    • /
    • pp.323-331
    • /
    • 2005
  • Fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of P. schinseng, A. continentalis and A. sessiliflorus, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a capillary column. A large unusual peak was observed just before the peak corresponding to oleic acid $(cis-9-C_{18:1})$. This unknown fatty acid was isolated by silver ion chromatography and then derivatized into the picolinyl ester. The mass spectrum of the picolinyl ester showed molecular ion at m/z=373 with other diagnostic ions such as m/z=178, 218, 232, 246, 274, 288, 302 and 344. Characteristic absorption peaks at $720\;cm^{-1}$, $1640\;cm^{-1}$ and $3010\;cm^{-1}$ in IR spectrum indicated the presence of cis-configurational double bond in the molecule. The $^1H-NMR$ spectrum of this acid gave two quintets centered at ${\delta}1.638$ (2H, C-3) and ${\delta}1.377$ (2H, C-4), and two multiplets centered at ${\delta}2.022{\sim}2.047$ (2H, C-5) and ${\delta}2.000{\sim}2.022$ (2H, C-8), and multiplet signals of olefinic protons centered at ${\delta}5.3015{\sim}5.3426$ (C-6, J=9.5 Hz) and ${\delta}\;5.3465{\sim}5.3877$ (C-7, J=9.5 Hz). The $^13C-NMR$ spectrum showed 18 carbon resonance signals including an overlapped signal at ${\delta}29.7002$ for C-12 and ${\delta}29.6520$ for C-13 (or they can be reversed), and other highly resolved signals at ${\delta}33.950$, ${\delta}24.558$, ${\delta}26.773$ and ${\delta}27.205$ due to C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-8 of a ${\Delta}^6-octadecenoic$ acid, respectively. From analysis results this unknown fatty acid could be identified as cis-6-octadecenoic acid. The seed oils of P. schinseng and A. sessiliflorus contained petroselinic acid (59.7%, 56.0%), oleic acid (18.3%, 6.1%) and linoleic acid (16.2%, 30.4%) with small amount of palmitic acid (3.0%, 3.1%) while the seed oil of A. continentalis comprised mainly oleic acid (30.2%), petroselinic acid (29.0%), linoleic acid (24.1%) and palmitic acid (13.1%).