• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Evaluated the hyperacute embolic effects of triolein and oleic acid in cat brains by using MR image and electron microscopy. In fat embolism, free fatty acid is more toxic than neutral fat in terms of tissue damage. T2-Weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging were performed in cat brains after the injection of triolein (group 1, n=8) or oleic acid (group 2, n=10) into the internal carotid artery. MR image were quantitatively assessed by comparing the lesions with their counterparts on T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Electron microscopic findings in group 1 were compared with those in group 2. Qualitatively, MR images revealed two types of lesions. Type 1 lesions were hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images and hypointense of ADC maps. Type 2 lesions were isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images and isointense on ADC maps. Quantitatively, the signal intensity rations of type 1 lesions in group 2 specimens were significantly higher on T2-weighted images (P=.013)/(P=.027) and lower on ADC maps compared with those of group 1. Electron microscopy of type 1 lesions in both groups revealed more prominent widening of the perivascular space and swelling of the neural cells in groups 1. MR and electron microscopic data on cerebral fat embolism induced by either triolein or oleic acid revealed characteristics suggestive of both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema in the hyperacute stage. Tissue damage appeared more severe in the oleic acid group than in the triolein group.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-494
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• 2016

Neuropathic pain (NPP) is the main culprit among chronic pains affecting the normal life of patients. Procaine is a frequently-used local anesthesia with multiple efficacies in various diseases. However, its role in modulating NPP has not been reported yet. This study aims at uncovering the role of procaine in NPP. Rats were pretreated with procaine by intrathecal injection. Then NPP rat model was induced by sciatic nerve chronic compression injury (CCI) and behavior tests were performed to analyze the pain behaviors upon mechanical, thermal and cold stimulations. Spinal expression of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. JAK2 was also overexpressed in procaine treated model rats for behavior tests. Results showed that procaine pretreatment improved the pain behaviors of model rats upon mechanical, thermal and cold stimulations, with the best effect occurring on the $15^{th}$ day post model construction (p<0.05). Procaine also inhibited JAK2 and STAT3 expression in both mRNA (p<0.05) and protein levels. Overexpression of JAK2 increased STAT3 level and reversed the improvement effects of procaine in pain behaviors (p<0.01). These findings indicate that procaine is capable of attenuating NPP, suggesting procaine is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating NPP. Its role may be associated with the inhibition on JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is one of the important mediators in generating inflammation and immune responses. To address the role of Stat4 in carrageenan induced acute inflammation, we performed paw edema measurement and 7.4 k mouse cDNA microarray analysis in carrageenan induced acute inflammation in Stat4 knockout (-/-) mice. Male BALB/c (n=8) and Stat4 -/- (n=5) were used and paw edema was induced with injection of $30\;{\mu}L$ of 1% carrageenan into plantar surface of right hind paw. Next, we isolated the mRNA in mouse whole brain and analyzed cDNA microarray profiles for the changes of the brain expression in Stat4 -/- mice. Interestingly, the increase in paw volume of Stat4 -/- mice was reduced by about 30% as compared to that of wild type. The cDNA microarray analysis revealed the altered expressions of several cytokines (Tnf, Il6, and Il4) and pain-associated proteins (Ptgs2, Gabra6, and Gabbr1) in Stat4 -/- mice. Our results suggest that Stat4 may be related to the inhibitory responses on carrageenan induced acute inflammation.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 2016

The influence of Au/Ni-based contact formed on a lightly-doped (7.3×1017cm−3, Zn-doped) InGaAsP layer for electrical compensation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation under various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions has been studied. The active control of SPP propagation is realized by electrically pumping the InGaAsP multiple quantum wells (MQWs) beneath the metal planar waveguide. The metal planar film acts as the electric contact layer and SPP waveguide, simultaneously. The RTA process can lower the metal-semiconductor electric contact resistance. Nevertheless, it inevitably increases the contact interface morphological roughness, which is detrimental to SPP propagation. Based on this dilemma, in this work we focus on studying the influence of RTA conditions on electrical control of SPPs. The experimental results indicate that there is obvious degradation of electrical pumping compensation for SPP propagation loss in the devices annealed at 400℃ compared to those with no annealing treatment. With increasing annealing duration time, more significant degradation of the active performance is observed even under sufficient current injection. When the annealing temperature is set at 400℃ and the duration time approaches 60s, the SPP propagation is nearly no longer supported as the waveguide surface morphology is severely changed. It seems that eutectic mixture stemming from the RTA process significantly increases the metal film roughness and interferes with the SPP signal propagation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

Caustic Soda Treatment Systems need a concentration measurement device in order to monitor the weight reduction amount of polyester fabrics. Since the reduction process requires several concentration measurements, we have to do the unit titration fast and exactly. Therefore, a proposition of estimation algorithm for finding the equivalent point in the titration process is needed. In this paper, we used the cardinal spline algorithm, to estimate the proper curve with the measured pH-values after each injection of titration sdution, to predict the equivalent point. While the processing time is elapsed, several equivalent points are estimated and drawed the line graph of fabrics weight reduction automatically. Finally, we designed the hardware and the software of an automatic titration system that can generate the reduction ending signal of Caustic Soda Treatment System.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

This paper studies the effects of the swirl for the variation of intake port configuration that is key parameters in the flow field of direct injection diesel engines. In-cylinder flow characteristics is known to have significant effects on air-fuel mixing, combustion, and emissions. To investigate the effects of the swirl flow, various rpm(250, 500, 750) and two different intake port were used. And to evaluate the swirl motion in the flow field visualization engine, steady state flow test was conducted. Helical port intake port and SCV(Swirl Control Valve) were selected as the design parameters to increase the swirl flow and parametric study was performed. In the case of non-SCV, intake flow rate and non-dimensional swirl ratio were higher than those of SCV for the swirl head type. So, we could strengthen the swirl in the flow field with the swirl head type and don't using SCV. From the results of steady state flow test, non-swirl head type has the most good advantage for intake flow rate, and also the flow rate could be increased by using the SCV slightly. The effects of the type of engine head on intake air flow capability are dominant with respect to the existence of the SCV. We could measure the qualitative grade of swirl by capturing the scattering signal of microballoon from ICCD camera in the visualization diesel engine.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2005

The Angelicae dahuricae radix (ADR) has been used a traditional medicine to treat acne, erythema, headache, toothache, sinusitis, colds, and flu in Korea, Japan and China. Here, we report the effect of ADR on compound 48/80-induced ear-swelling and the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. ADR dose-dependently inhibited the ear-swelling response induced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80, In vitro model, PMA plus A23187 significantly increased interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ secretion compared with media control. We also show that the increased cytokines $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-8, GM-CSF, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level was significantly inhibited by treatment of ADR. In addition, ADR partially blocked PMA plus A23187-induced extracelluar signal-regulated kinases phosphorylation. These results suggest that ADR might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2008

The eventual goal of tumor immunotherapy is to develop a vaccine inducing a specific anti-tumor immunity. Cytokine gene therapy is an effective way at least in animal models, but limited efficacy and various side effects obstruct clinical applications. In this study, we developed a tumor vaccine expressing a membrane-bound form of IL-2(mbIL-2) and SDF-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. The tumor clones expressing mbIL-2 showed reduced tumorigenicity, and additional expression of SDF-1 to mbIL-2 expressing tumor cells caused more severe reduction in tumorigenicity. However, expression of the SDF-1 alone did not affect on the tumorigenicity, probably because of limited production of SDF-1 in the SDF-1 transfected clones. When the mice once rejected mbIL-2/SDF-1 expressing tumor clone were re-challenged with wild type B16F10 tumor cells, all of the mice survived. This result suggests that mbIL-2/SDF-1 tumor clone is effective in inducing systemic anti-tumor immunity against wild type B16 melanoma. Furthermore, culture supernatant of tumor clones expressing SDF-1 induced lymphocyte migration in vitro. These results, all together, suggest that expression of mbIL-2 and SDF-1 in tumor cells enhances anti-tumor immune responses through different roles; the secreted SDF-1 may function as a chemoattractant to recruit immune cells to tumor vaccine injection site, and the mbIL-2 on tumor cells may provide costimulatory signal for CTL activation in physical contacts.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2015

We demonstrate here an optical measurement technique to quantify the spin-orbit torques. The magnetization dynamics induced by the spin-orbit torques with a sinusoidal current injection is measured by use of polar magneto-optical Kerr effect. The measured signal is then analyzed based on the Landau-Lifhshitz-Gilbert equation with consideration of the spin-orbit torques. The present measurement technique is applied to Pd/Co/Pt films and then, the longitudinal and transverse components of the spin-orbit torques are successfully quantified. The present optical technique provides an alternative way to quantify the spin-orbit torques.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

This study was performed to validate the procedure of transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA) and sclerotherapy of renal pelvis using iohexol-ethanol solution in dogs with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by unilateral ureter ligation for 20 days in five Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization with iohexol-ethanol solution was performed using selective catheterization technique in the hydronephrotic kidney and sclerotherapy was done by injection of the iohexol-ethanol solution through percutaneously placed pig-tail catheter. EKG, $SpO_2$ body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Average pure ethanol dose for renal artery embolization was $1.1\pm0.3ml/kg$. Renal artery embolization was confirmed by the detection of no blood flow signal at the interlobar and arcuate artery using color Doppler ultrasonography. There were no dogs expired after TAE-RA and sclerotherapy and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. The value of BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, Ca, P in five dogs were within normal range during the experiment period. Ultrasonographically, the mean longitudinal and transverse length and the depth of the embolized kidney significantly decreased at 28 days after TAE-RA. We may conclude that TAE-RA and sclerotherapy with iohexol-ethanol solution is an effective methods for the treatment of unilateral hydronephrosis in dogs.