• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the ethical values of physical therapy. This study was launched to establish a foundation for this field of study by gathering data about current topic of ethical values in the field of physical therapy. METHODS: This investigation was conducted with 900 students from seven different universities in the Republic of Korea (three, four-year colleges. The methodology of this research was directed at revamping and supplementing ethical codes in the Korean Physical Therapy Association and establishing a set of ethics-related questions as inspired by the studies conducted by Youk and Choi. Each question was assigned a different point-value according to the standards of measurement that we established. RESULTS: The scores of participants and their sibling status, it appears that whether participants had siblings did significantly impact their ethical outlook. The scores based on sibling one and two siblings, more than three siblings, no sibling were 29.42, 29.03, 28.25, and 28.19, respectively (p<.05). But in examining the average ethics scores with regards to reported past experiences with ethics education, we can see that past experience significantly impacted the results of the study on medical ethics perceptions. The scores corresponding to responses that one did or did not have prior experience were 29.40 versus 28.99. CONCLUSION: It is crucial to assure that physical therapy students receive well-founded information and proper ethical value. We suggest that create an ethics education program to enhance physical therapists and physical therapy students.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.467-471
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• 2009

This report describes Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) with Abdominal Wall Defects (AWDs) on the sibling of Yorkshire terriers. The NTDs and AWDs are rare serious congenital defects. The NTDs are neurulation abnormality that results from to failed transformation of the neurual tube by the incomplete closure of the embryonic neural plate. These dysraphic states range form mild to severe according to developmental malformation that include fusion defects of skull (crania bifida; CB) and fusion defects of vertebrae (spina bifida; SB). The AWDs are genetic defects that results from to failed formation of abdominal wall and cavity. These dysraphic states are omphalocele and gastroschisis. The 12-month dam was delivered by caesarian section and 4 littermate had obvious malformations. One male dead stillbirth fetus (L1) was revealed the extruded abdominal viscera, omphalocele. One female fetus (L2) was died within 1 hour after birth with defects of abdominal muscle upper umbilicus, gastroschisis. 3rd fetus (L3) was died within 36 hours after parturition and revealed a copious dermal and vertebral defects on the midline thorax, upper SB asperta. 4th fetus (L4) is still growing well now at 6 months but at the 2 week age, appears hairy nevus on the frontal cranium and dorsal thoracic portion. The radiograph of L1 and L2 are shown decrease bony density of calvarium and L3 was shown defect of spinose processes of the T9-T13. On our knowledge, this is first report of the SB and CB in Yorkshire terrier. And also sibling of NTDs with AWDs that has not previously been reported in the dog.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2018

최근, 컴퓨터 분야의 기계 학습(Machine Learning)과 딥러닝(Deep Learning) 등 컴퓨터 관련 학습이 각광을 받고 있다. 이들은 인공 신경망(Artificial Neural Network)을 이용하여 가장 하위 레벨로부터 학습을 시작하여, 최상위 레벨까지 그 결과를 전달하여 최종 결과를 산출하는 방식이다. 하위레벨로부터의 체계적인 학습을 통한 효과적인 성장 및 교육 방안에 대한 연구는 다양한 분야에서 이루어지고 있으나, 체계적인 규칙과 방법에 기반한 모델은 찾아보기가 힘들다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 성장 및 융합 모델인, TNT 모델(Transitive Nested Triangle Model)을 처음으로 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 기하학적인 형태를 통해 형성된 각 기능들이 유기적 계층 관계를 형성하여, 상위로 성장 및 융합하면서, 그 결과가 반복 사용되는 순환적 재귀 모델이다. 즉, '수평적 형제 병합에 이은 상위로의 융합(Horizontal Sibling Merges and Upward Convergence)'의 분석적 방법이다. 이러한 모델은 공학, 디지털공학, 인문학, 예술학 등에 모두 적용될 수 있는 기본기적 이론으로, 본 연구에서는 제안하는 TNT 모델을 설명하는 것에 그 초점을 둔다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.2219-2225
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• 2008

동적인 XML문서에서 빈번히 발생하는 갱신에 대한 고려를 하지 않는 레이블링 기법들은 XML 문서 트리의 갱신이 일어날 때 마다 변화된 레이블 정보를 반영하기 위해서 전체 XML 트리를 재탐색하여 전체 노드의 레이블을 다시 계산하는 리레이블링 과정이 필요하다. 이러한 리레이블링은 갱신이 빈번히 일어나는 동적인 XML 문서에서는 비용이 상당히 크다는 단점이 있다. 이런 단점을 해결하기 위해 리레이블링 과정이 필요 없는 레이블링 기법으로 프라임 넘버 레이블링 기법이 제안되었다. 그러나 프라일 넘버 레이블링 기법은 문서가 갱신될 때 XML 문서 트리의 노드 간 형제순서를 갱신하는 문제는 고려하지 않고 있다. 이러한 형제순서의 갱신과정은 XML 문서 트리의 많은 부분을 재탐색하고 재기록 하여야 하므로 많은 비용이 필요하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 XML 문서 트리의 리레이블링과 재계산이 필요 없이 형제순서를 유지할 수 있는 형제순서 값을 갖는 프라임 넘버 레이블링 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2021

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20 (SCAR20; OMIM #616354) is a recently described disorder that is characterized by ataxia, intellectual disability, cerebellar atrophy, macrocephaly, coarse face, and absent speech. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SNX14. To date, all cases with homozygous pathogenic variants have been identified in consanguineous families. This report describes the first Korean cases of SCAR20 family caused by homozygous variants in SNX14. Two siblings were referred to our clinic because of severe global developmental delay. They presented similar facial features, including a high forehead, long philtrum, thick lips, telecanthus, depressed nasal bridge, and broad base of the nose. Because the older sibling was unable to walk and newly developed ataxia, repeated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at the age of 4 years, revealing progressive cerebellar atrophy compared with MRI performed at the age of 2 years. The younger sibling's MRI revealed a normal cerebellum at the age of 2 years. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and homozygous variants, such as c.2746-2A>G, were identified in SNX14 from the older sibling. Sanger sequencing confirmed homozygous SNX14 variants in the two siblings as well as a heterozygous variant in both parents. This report extends our knowledge of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of SCAR20. We also highlight the importance of deep phenotyping for the diagnosis of SCAR20 in individuals with developmental delay, ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and distinct facial features.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1996

본 논문은 근친강간의 사례분석을 통해 가족의 역동과 유형간의 관계를 근친강간이 발생한 가족의 유형을 부녀 근친강간, 모자 근친강간, 형제 근친강간으로 분류하여 유형별로 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 그 결과 근친강간은 유형별로 가족의 역동성이 서로 다른 양상으로 나타났다. 부녀 근친강간에서는 가해자인 아버지가 정신병질적이거나 사회병질적이고. 가정에서의 어머니의 역할이 적절히 수행되지 않거나 역할 자체가 부재하며, 대신에 피해 자녀가 어머니의 역할을 대신하는 양상을 보였다. 또한 가족간의 의사소통이 거의 이루어지지 않는 것도 하나의 특징으로 드러났다. 모자 근친강간에서 드러나는 가족역동의 가장 특기할 사실은 배우자가 없는 어머니가 자신의 성적, 정서적 욕구를 아들과의 성행위를 통해 해소하는 퇴행적인 모습이었다. 형제 근친강간은 대부분 손위 가해 형제의 성적 호기심이나 성욕구를 손아래 형제와의 성행위를 통해 분출하는 과정에서 발생되는 것으로서, 특히 부모의 역할이 제대로 수행되지 않는 역기능적인 가정환경 에서 촉발되는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 근친강간은 전체 가족병리의 표현으로 보아야 하며, 피해자, 가해자에 대한 개별적인 치료뿐만 아니라 가족의 역기능에 초점을 맞추고, 가족 전체가 치료 대상이 되어야 한다. 동시에 예방과 치료를 위하여 건강한 가족기능에 대한 적극적인 관심과 개입이 필요하다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

본 연구는 중국의 중학생을 대상으로 형제구성 및 성별에 따른 심리적 복지의 차이를 살펴보고, 가족 및 학교환경이 청소년의 심리적 복지에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 중국 산동 성 요성 시내 남녀공학 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 분석에 585부의 자료를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 청소년의 형제구성에 따른 심리적 복지의 차이에 대한 분석 결과, 형제아가 외동아보다 우울 수준이 더 높았고 자아존중감이 낮아 형제아의 심리적 복지가 외동아보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중국 청소년의 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 보면, 여자 외동아와 남녀 형제아의 자아존중감에는 교사관계가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 남자 외동아 청소년의 경우에는 부부갈등이 가장 큰 영향을 미치고, 그 다음이 또래관계, 교사관계 순으로 나타나 형제구성 및 성별에 따라 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 요인이 다르게 나타났다. 남녀 청소년 모두 학교환경 요인 중 교사관계 요인이 우울에 미치는 영향력이 다른 요인보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 청소년기에는 부모의 보호에서 벗어나 학교에서 교사와 상호작용하는 시간이 증가하므로 교사의 무관심과 거부는 청소년의 학업에 영향을 미치고, 우울, 비행과 같은 문제를 일으킬 수 있기 때문에 청소년의 건강한 발달을 위해서 교사는 청소년에게 지속적인 관심을 가져야 한다. 청소년의 건강한 심리적 복지는 긍정적인 부모양육행동, 낮은 부부갈등 수준, 긍정적인 또래 및 교사관계에 의해 영향을 받는다는 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 청소년의 심리적 복지 향상을 위해서는 가정과 학교의 관심과 노력을 증대시킬 필요가 있다는 것이 강조된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2001

In spite of rapid sociocultural changes and an increase in the number of nuclear families in recent years, quite many families in Korea still have taken the extended family form where daughter-in-law provides care for the elderly parents. Even though the nature of the inter-generational relationship in Korea is reciprocal in many regards, most of the studies looked at the burden or costs of coresidence with the elderly parents while relatively little attention has been given to the positive side of the coresidence. This study is an attempt to fill this gap in the area. The purpose of this study is to examine not only the costs but also benefits of the coresidence with the elderly parents. We also explore whether there is a rural-urban differences in costs and benefits of coresidence and related factors. For the purpose, data were gathered from 876 daughters-in-law of three generational family both in rural and urban area, using structured questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cross tables, and regression analysis with SPSS/PC+ program. The major findings of this study were as follows: Marital and economic status of the elderly parents, age, job status and filial responsibility attitude of caregiver, sibling support, and coresidence duration were the significant variables predicting the level of perceived benefits. Marital status of elderly parents, income, job status, educational level, and filial responsibility altitude of caregiver, residence region affected the level of perceived costs. Rural-urban differences are found in many aspects of coresidence experiences and related factors. Rural caregivers receive higher level of the sibling support, have more traditional final responsibility altitude and perceived less costs and more benefit than urban caregivers. There also are differences in the factors influencing the level of perceived costs and benefits between rural and urban area. Level of sibling support and final responsibility attitude have significant impact on both the perceived costs and benefits. But there are differences in terms of that perceived costs and benefits of urban caregivers are affected by job status of caregivers while those of rural caregivers are affected by educational level of caregivers and marital status of elderly. The results confirm that Korean caregivers experience both positive and negative aspects of coresidence and shows that the nature of the inter-generational relationships differ between rural and urban Korea.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2012

In this paper, we focus on efficient construction of tightest matched subtree (TMSubtree) results, for keyword queries on extensible markup language (XML) data, based on smallest lowest common ancestor (SLCA) semantics. Here, "matched" means that all nodes in a returned subtree satisfy the constraint that the set of distinct keywords of the subtree rooted at each node is not subsumed by that of any of its sibling nodes, while "tightest" means that no two subtrees rooted at two sibling nodes can contain the same set of keywords. Assume that d is the depth of a given TMSubtree, m is the number of keywords of a given query Q. We proved that if d ${\leq}$ m, a matched subtree result has at most 2m! nodes; otherwise, the size of a matched subtree result is bounded by (d - m + 2)m!. Based on this theoretical result, we propose a pipelined algorithm to construct TMSubtree results without rescanning all node labels. Experiments verify the benefits of our algorithm in aiding keyword search over XML data.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and the eating behaviors in obese high school girls. The sample consisted of 262 obese high school girls in Seoul and Kangwon-Do. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC- Internal; 4.06, HLOC-External; 2.47, and HLOC-Chance; 2.15. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.91, Hunger ; 2.73, Dietary Restraint ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC- Chance and hunger was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and other eating behavior factors (dietary restraint & disinhibition) were not correlated in the level of statistical significances. The HLOC-External and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the existence of an obese sibling. There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC- External depending on the evaluation of one's body figure. 5. There were significant differences in disinhibition and hunger depending on the existence of obese sibling. Also, there were significant difference in dietary restraint according to self perception of who is obese or not (t=3.342, p=.001). This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.