• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.64
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

Caves have the values of learning sites and tourism resources. But show caves are at risk of being ravaged, destroyed, and Polluted. The Purpose of this study is to analyse the management condition and the problems of the show caves, and to suggest the alternative improvement for the cave management. The research of the Cultual Properties Administration revealed many Problems including the management system, safety diagnosis, the demand for comprehensive academic research and so on. An analyzing of the questionnaire about cave manager demanded to reform working conditions, tourist education, an amendment of the Cultural Properties Protection Act, expert education for cave manager. In conclusion, It is necessary that construct the mutual cooperation system of an administrative organization, cave manager and tourist, and the Cave Management information System to manage database of cave environment.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.141-144
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• 2022

By providing an environment where energetic particles and micrometeorites can not penetrate, caves on Mars may serve as a human shelter in future Mars explorations. More than 1,000 cave entrance candidates have been detected; however, their physical characteristics that can be utilized in detecting more candidates have not been explored in detail. In this paper, we explore the nighttime temperature of 100 cave entrance candidates and their surrounding areas to investigate 1) the nighttime temperature tendencies relative to their surrounding areas and 2) the extent of these temperature differences. We find that 79% of the cave entrance candidates exhibit higher temperatures than the surrounding areas, and 59% show a temperature difference over 20K, suggesting that the cave entrances may generally show higher temperatures than the surrounding areas during the nighttime.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.236-259
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• 2010

The examination of sediment distribution in Seongryu Cave shows existence of rocks contrasting with Joseon Supergroup contrary to existing knowledge. Contrasting especially with the Taeback Group, Daegi Formation, Hwajeol Formation, and Dongjeom Formation has been observed. Unlike Taeback area where Dumugol Formation and Makgol Formation are observed on top of Dongjeom Formation, the rocks of this area are not clear in its separation between the two, so that it was named Geunnam Formation. Seongryu Cave has been developed in this Ordovician Geunnam Formation of the Joseon Supergroup. The cave, mostly horizontal, runs in the NE-SW direction, and contains three lakes. The main passage and branches are about 330 m and 540 m, respectively, making the total length of the cave about 870 m (show cave area = 270 m). Through underwater examination, about 85 m-long underwater passage was newly discovered. Various speleothem such as soda straw, stalactite, stalagmite, column, flowstone, rimston, cave shield, cave coral, curtain, bacon sheet, cave pearl, cave flower, helictite and calcite raft can be found in the cave. There are sections with constant flow of cavern water, but the majority of cavern water in the cave come from the ceiling. The most important discovery in this study is the presence of various speleothem in the submerged part of cave passages. Traces of corrosion and/or erosion can be observed in the speleothem in the submerge passage.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.84
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• pp.10-21
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• 2008

In order to accumulate the basic informations to assess the scientific and natural values of the Hoe-ok Cave located in Mountain Chi-ak, Seong-nam 2 ri, sin-rim myeon, the natural environments in the cave were investigated from November 2004 to June 2005. The results are as follows; The average temperature in the cave was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ in the winter, 5.5$^{\circ}C$ in the spring, 6.8$^{\circ}C$ in the summer. The average humidity in the cave was 82.5％ in the winter, 86.0％ in the spring, 86.0 in the summer. this results show that the temperature was 10$^{\circ}C$ lower, and the humidity was 4$\sim$10％ lower than those in the Go-su Cave. Inside of the Heo-og Cave, the damages from the garbages and smoke stains by the reckless civilians are expanding. It is necessary to execute the research on the geological facts of the cave and the reassessment on its values in the natural history.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.4
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• pp.97-100
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• 1996

The American Cave and Karst Center - the name might lead one to believe that this museum is a place for specially - focused, highly technical caverns, and scientists. While the museum will appeal to these individuals, it will by no means exclude anyone else. In fact, this article will demonstrate that the museum is a place for everyone! The following categories will show those who will find something of interest to themselves in the museum(omitted)

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

This study aims to validate the effectiveness of CAVE system with an Arm-Master in the evaluation of virtual prototypes. A virtual kitchen with a refrigerator was presented in the CAVE system. Subjects put in and pull out virtual objects by using the Arm-Master. Twelve subjects, six males and six females, participated in the six experimental conditions : three types of refrigerator door grips and two reaction forces. After each trial, subjects evaluated a door grip of the virtual refrigerator in terms of easiness of operation, similarity in force, presence etc. The results show the mean values of vortical-type door grips are greater than the horizontal pocket-type door grip. Also the subjects preferred 5N in the reaction force of the Arm-Master rather than 15 N when they open and close virtual door. Unexpectedly, female subjects significantly marked low scores in the evaluation terms compared ruth mali subjects. It explains the Arm-Master should be modified much more if it works effectively in design evaluation.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.78
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Alpine caves, subterranean passages, are extensively controlled by folds and faults. Caves of the regions demonstrate a significant dip of the passages due to the structural deformations. There are many vertical voids and shaft. Speleo-scapes in the internal caves are various. Calcite formations show the water table alternations which indicate the uplifting and erosional base level droppings during at least the Quaternary. Around cave entrenches there are remnants of the Fluvial terraces on the middle of the hills. These relationship between cave locations and terraces will generate a key to the Plestocene history of the south Korean peninsula. Hence, the Korean karst is turned as "the overburden alpine karst".

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.21-24
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• 2008

The chlorophyta and thebryophyta are became extinct by the shutting out the light and low temperature in caves. Whenever they get the conditions, they grow again immediately. It is necessary to keep the illumination distance over 2m and use the indirect light. The effect of lamp light and temperature is very important in the control of green contamination but the water and moisture in caves are essential factors in green contamination in the show caves. It's better to get rid of green alae and mosses at early stage for the control of the increase of green contamination. They must be isolated completely without the dispersion with moist pieces of cloth or sponge. It is necessary to shut out the cave route periodically for the restoration of cave environments and ecosystem. It's better to use the lamp keeping illumination and restricting the ascension of heat for the control of green contamination.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.93-105
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• 2017

This study presents direct shear tests, model tests, and numerical simulations to assess the effect of reduction of soil strength because of saturation during formation of ground cave-in caused by damaged sewer pipe lines. The direct shear test results show that the saturation affects the cohesion of soil significantly although it does not influence the friction angle of soil. To experimentally reproduce ground cave-in, the model tests were performed. As ground cave-ins were accompanied with extreme deformation, conventional finite element method has difficulty in simulating them. The present study relies on generalized interpolation material point method, which is one of meshless methods. Although there are differences between the model test and numerical simulation caused by boundary conditions, incomplete saturation, and exclusion of groundwater flow, similar ground deformation characteristics are observed both in the model test and numerical simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2008

Gurin Cave, 442 m long, is a lava tube developed on the northern slope of Mount Halla. Seventy-three meters of its lower reach became a river channel since Byeongmun River flowed into a window after roof collapse took place. The subterranean channel has a width of 447 cm and a height of 501 cm, respectively. Its banks show well-developed lava shelves of a typical lava tube, while its floor has sculpted forms which characterize a bed of a bedrock stream. The reach is likely to be collapsed and then has four collapsed windows since its roof has the densely developed testudinal joints and consists of thin lavas with a thickness of 30 to 60 cm. Before the subterranean channel appeared, a ground channel flowed over the cave and joined into a main channel of Byeongmun River at 653 m in altitude. However, the subterranean channel substituted the ground channel since a bed of the ground channel collapsed into the cave. The new channel, flowing through the cave, joined into a main channel at 660 m in altitude. As the drainage area of Byeongmun River expanded upstream the cave, the new channel changed into a main channel. Since floodwater flows down the ground channel as well as the subterranean channel, a distributary stream has temporarily appeared at the collapsed window. Lava tubes are likely to have an affect on the development of river system in Jeiu Island, in that the caves have constantly shown roof-fall.