• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2002

This study is to classify somatotypes of the upper class boys in elementary school. The study is conducted through anthoropometric measurements and photometric measurements. The subjects are 320 boys in the age group of 10 to 11 years old. The following conclusions are drawn from this study. 1. The height items are increased along with age increase. The increases in the factors, which specify vertical sizes such as height and length, are a little larger than those of breadth, depth, and girth, which specify ; horizontal sizes. 2. The factor analysis on anthropometric measurements and photometric measurements reveals five somatic composition factors and those factors comprised 79.60% of total variance. 3. The torso shapes of the upper class boys in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is taller and heavier than the average elementary school upper class boys and has the highest rising shoulders. The shape of the back is about average and the chest is developed above average. The curvature of the lower back is gentle and lower abdomen protrudes the most of the three types. The second type is tall and slightly heavier than average and shoulders are raised a little. The shoulder blades protrude about average and the curvature of lower back is the most developed of all. The cheat is developed about average and the abdomen is a little protruding. The third type is the most common with the smallest height of the three and skinny with dropped shoulders. The chest is somewhat flat and the shoulder blades protrude about average.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2002

This study was to provide the fundamental data for a scientific and rational clothing construction by investigating the variation of the upper body surface with the use of the method of Surgical tape. The subject were 3 middle elementary schoolboys classified standard somatotype, and arm-movements were consisted of 6 types. The statistical analyses used in this study were mean, standard deviation and the ANOVA and LSD procedure. Shoulder point was moved to be the inside or upside and the shape of the armhole-line was differently changed as the arm-movement become larger. By moving to upside of the anterior armpit point, posterior armpit point and armpit point, the increase of the side seam length and the ascent of the line of width between armpits were distinct. And by arm-movements, in the items of horizontal, front neck base girth, back upper bust girth, back bust girth and back waist girth were increased and the other standard lines were apt to be decreased. In the items of vertical, all standard lines of front side and side seam length showed increased, back waist length and back length showed decreased. The variation of armhole was indefinite. In the rate of the variation, the shoulder length showed the maximum rate of contraction by 41.3%, decreasing 3.7 cm in $180^{\circ}$ degrees, and the side seam length showed the maximum rate of expansion by 60.6%, increasing 8.97 cm in the same degrees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.940-951
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• 2012

This study evaluates the fit preference of the tailored jacket according to body types for 20's adult women through a comparison of real and virtual fit. A five point fit evaluation scale utilizing a wearer acceptability scale by Shen and Huck was used to evaluate the degree of the preference of real and virtual fit. This scale contained 23 items in three categories: front fit, back fit, and side fit. For each item, 5 responses from 'too tight' fit (1 point) to 'too loose' fit (5 point) were possible. The middle position for each fit criterion indicated a 'good' fit (3 point). The data were analyzed with a t-test using statistical program SPSS 17.0. According to the results, there were no significant differences ($p{\leq}.05$) between the real and virtual fit preference in total measurement items such as front collar, lapel and roll line, front shoulder slope, front armhole, front waist, abdomen, sideseam, hemline, front silhouette, side shoulder, side armhole, side sleeve width, side hip, side silhouette, back collar stand, upper back, back armhole, back waist, back hip, back silhouette except front bust, side waist, and back center back. The factor that caused a difference in the fit preference between the real and virtual fit evaluation was a specific body type such as Body Type A that indicated a small bust circumference and a big hip circumference.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-67
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• 2019

This study analyzed the fabric and product size of the burn patient's custom compression garment and measured the pressure applied by the garment to assess whether proper pressure is being delivered for treatment. The test clothes were presented to the market by body size and commissioned with the same design. The subjects selected four people close to the average body size of men in their 20s determined by 7th Size Korea. The experiment was conducted by wearing a compression suit, performing activities and measuring changes in the pressure of the garment according to changes in posture. The fabric used for the compressive clothing was not ruptured even at 216 kPa, the elasticity recovery rate was measured between 80.5 and 94.5%. The product dimensions of the experimental clothing varied by up to 8cm from brand to brand, requiring the standardization of compression clothing. The experiment showed that four types of compression suit varied in pressure, and the pressure range, excluding the gastric arm (17.9mmHg), was between 2.5-14.1mmHg, which failed to meet the level of pressurization for treatment purposes. The clothing pressure in the chest area dropped when performing movements rather than standing still. This was interpreted to be a result of reduced the adhesion of the compression suit during operation. The peak pressure (31.68mmHg) and the lowest pressure (2.2mmHg) was noted in the scapula, indicating that no pressure was being transmitted on the vertebrae. The pressure of the garment on the right shoulder blade was elevated in a supine position. Because much time is spent laying down, it is necessary for the pattern design to accommodate for the increased clothing pressure on the shoulder blades. Standardization of the level of pressurization for burn patient's custom-made pressure suits for each stage of treatment is urgently required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.2 s.27
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• pp.237-248
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• 1988

To access the appropriate height of sleeve cap which is required for the basic sleeve pattern according to arm movements, plaster gypsum experiment was performed. Arm movements were 5types ($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}$) to the vertical directions in the front. The appropriateness of the pattern was analyzed by measuring clothing pressure. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Increasing the movement angle, sleeve width increased but height of sleeve cap and armhole girth decreased. 2. Increasing the movement angle, the acromion moved to the front part of bodice. 3. On the basis of the result of the height of sleeve cap, the $\frac{AH}{4} +2.5cm$ sleeve basic 4 pattern is suitable for the direction $M_1(0^{\circ}),\;M_2(45^{\circ})$, and the $\frac{AH}{5}$sleeve basic pattern is suitable for the direction $M_3(90^{\circ}),\;M_4(135^{\circ})$, and $M_5(180^{\circ})$. 4. As the movement angle and height of sleevecap increased, the part which receive high pressure increased and the difference between the hightest and the lowest clothing pressure increased. 5. By the variation of movement angle and height of sleevecap, clothing pressure of upperarm was affected more than that of shoulder blade. 6. The clothing pressure of upperarm and shoulder blades were more affected by the height of sleeve cap than the ease of breast area. 7. Considering the clothing pressure of various arm movement, the most appropriate height of sleeve cap for $M_1(0^{\circ}),\;M_2(45^{\circ})$ positions was to use the $\frac{AH}{4}$+2.5cm, and for $M_3(90^{\circ}),\;M_4(135^{\circ})$, and $M_5(180^{\circ})$, was $\frac{AH}{5}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.821-833
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information about body proportion characteristics, and the level of body cathexis and fit satisfaction related to those characteristics. It is hoped that this will help to improve ready-to-wear satisfaction in middle-aged women. In order to achieve this purpose, the body proportion characteristics of middle-aged women were measured and were compared with that of standard and ideal body types. Then, the body cathexis and fit satisfaction according to these characteristics was analyzed. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, the average height of middle-aged women was 6.87 head, waist length was 58.9% of height, and knee length was 25.6% of height. In frontal appearance, the hip width, shoulder width, and chest width were wider than waist width(24%, 20%, and 11% respectively). Chest and hip depths was thicker than waist depth(19% and 17% respectively). Second, in lengths proportion, their lower body was shorter than the standard body shape for women in their 20s'. Also the difference between the width of frontal appearance and depth proportion of side appearance was small, suggesting a more slender silhouette among the middle aged women. Finally, middle-aged women who were not wide or big in the chest had higher satisfaction with their bodies. As shoulder width and chest depth became small, the fit satisfaction of upper clothes increased. While longer lower body had higher fit satisfaction with pants crotch, shorter lower body had higher fit satisfaction with waist and abdominal parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1173-1183
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• 1997

In order to flatter the figures of average middle aged women by determining harmonious proportions for their costume forms, this study evaluates effects of varying design details of jackets(coats) with blouses and slacks using a ranking test and paired comparisons test. The result from clothing design C-2 which has the best design effect were as follows; 1. In order to look taller, the jacket(coats) is divided vertical long line and it has the emphasis point close to the face. 2. In order to make shoulder width look wider, armhole seam line attached 1-2 cm from the shoulder point. 3. In order to make chest width look slimmer, division was made up of a tailored collar with a deep V-neckline. 4. In order to make waist circumference look slimmer, the jacket has more fitted waist line than loosed it and tailored collar with a deep V-neckline. 5. In the case of the division of upper and lower garments, when the division was closer to the golden section, i.e., when the jacket hemline is hipline and slacks length is the heel excluded length of shoe heels, the overall appearance was better. 6. The V-neckline looked better, when it was cut along a long acute angle to the waist line. Because of dividing along above factors 1-6 i.e., clothing design C-2 was overall harmonious. Appropriate division of costume forms made for an aesthetic composition, which flattered the body types of middle aged women and presented harmonious, beautiful costume design effects. It made the women look taller, slim and balanced, and highlighted middle aged women's sense of beauty.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) that occur in heavy industrial workers according to the occupational category, prevalence, environment, and number of physical therapy visits. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: For this study, data was collected of workers who were engaged in heavy industry in Korea and who visited the company physicians and received physical therapy in 2016. Data was collected from 855 subjects and was analyzed. With the data collected, analysis of the type and prevalence of MSDs and the number of physical therapy visits that have occurred according to the occupational category and environment was performed. Results: The most common MSDs were lumbar sprains and spasms (31.1%), and shoulder sprain and spasm (19.4%). In addition, the most common type of MSDs according to the occupational category and environment (occupational type) were lumbar sprain and spasms in 11 occupations, including white collar workers, and in milling, inspection, crane operation, and finishing jobs, shoulder muscle sprain and strain were the most common disorders. Also, the prevalence of MSDs according to occupational category and environment (occupational type) was the highest in workers involved with welding, which was 29.7%. Conclusions: Through this study, the type and prevalence of MSDs according to the occupational category and environment of heavy industrial workers have been confirmed. Further studies are necessary to study the future types of the work patterns of industrial workers and to develop a system for preventing and managing MSDs that may occur.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study is aimed at exploring a reasonable and reliable method of measuring pre-school children's somatotypes and there by, data basing the information obtained and classifying their somatotypes, at providing useful data which can be utilized for the design of their dress forms and enhancing the fitness of their apparels. to this end, 330 pre-school children living in the capital area and aged fro m4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As the pre-school children grow, the scales indicating their vertical growth including height could well be measured differently, but those scales indicating their lateral somatotypes which reflect their postural changes did not show among age groups. in other words, male kids were higher in the scales including height than female kids, while there were not differences between sexes in most scales indicating their lateral somatotypes. 2. The elements comprising the somatotypes were the size of body skeleton, the thickness of body mass, the posture and shape of body mass, the lateral under-neck shape, the extrusion of belly, the length between front and the back shoulder, the shape of lower belly, the shape of upper hip, the shape of lower hip and the slope of shoulders. Among them, the first two elements accounted for 64.8% of the total distribution, which means that these two elements explain the body-mass somatotypes of kid's most effectively. 3. The sample kids were divided into two types for classification of their somatotypes. As a result, it was found that the elements determining their somatotypes most influentially are, unlike adults' case the size of body skeleton rather than posture or lateral body shape. The type I showed less dimensions in most scales than type II, while their shoulder were les developed,. The type I was found distributed much in 4-year-old female kids. The type II showing more development in each element was found distributed much in 6-year-old male kids.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes after open reduction and plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures between patients who achieved successful anatomical reduction and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation, and were thus treated with additional demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a locking compression plate for acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, and who underwent radiographic and clinical outcome evaluations at least 6 months postoperatively. The outcomes between those who achieved perfect anatomical reduction without remnant gap (n=32) and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation treated with additional DBM (n=24) were evaluated. Results: There were no differences in the use of lag screws or wiring and operation time (all p>0.05) between those with and without remnant gap. No difference in the average radiological union time and clinical outcomes (satisfaction and Constant score) was observed between the two groups (all p>0.05). However, significantly faster union time was observed for AO type A fracture compared with other types (p=0.012), and traffic accident showed association with worse clinical outcomes compared with other causes of injury. Conclusions: Surgical outcome of midshaft clavicle fracture was more affected by initial fracture type and event, and re-reduction and re-fixation of the fracture to obtain a perfect anatomical reduction spending time appears to be unnecessary if rigid fixation is achieved.