• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.589-599
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the upper-limb motions and postures of grapes-harvesting tasks using electrical goniometers and analyze the upper-limb motions in a kinematic way to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Background: Grapes farmers are exposed to various risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as repetitive upper-limb motions, non-neutral postures, and manual handling of heavy items. The farmers have to use scissors repetitively while harvesting grapes with their being arms elevated over the shoulder height, which presumed to increase the physical workload. It has been reported that the grapes farmers feel the harvesting task as the one of the hardest work in cultivating grapes. We tried measure the wrist and elbow angles while the farmers were carrying out harvesting tasks to understand how much workload the work impose on the farmers, which can be helpful in making interventions of preventing musculosksletal disorders among grapes farmers. Method: We measured joint angles at the right wrist and elbow with a wireless measuring system with two electrical goniometers from five grape farmers. The grapes-harvesting task was classified into 6 different subtasks: 1) searching, 2) picking, 3) cleaning, 4) carrying, 6) storing, and 7) miscellaneous tasks. The subtasks were compared by mean angles, 10%, 50%, and 90% APDF values of wrist flexion/extension, ulnar/radial deviation, and elbow flexion. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis tests showed that the 10th percentiles of APDF of ulnar/radial deviation and flexion/extension of the wrist significantly differs among subtasks (p<0.05). It was found that the farmers assumed more deviated wrist postures in the ulnar direction when they picking and adjusting the grapes. The use of scissors seemed to force the farmers to severely bend their wrist in the directions of ulnar deviation and flexion. The grapes-harvesting task showed similar wrist postures and motion with poultry deboning and milking tasks. Conclusion: The grapes harvesting tasks make the farmers take ulnar deviated and extended postures in the wrist. The use of scissors makes them take more severely deviated postures in the wrist. Safety guidelines including use of ergonomic scissors can be provided to the farmers to improve their work conditions. Application: The results of this study can be used as a basic data for the development of safety guidelines for agricultural work.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

Purpose: The recent development of MR has made to possible radiological diagnosis in various soft tssue tumors. But multifarious components within soft tissue tumors and their periodic change have made to difficult even differentiation of malignant from benign soft tissue tumors solely on the MR. So authors retry to differentiate malignant from benign soft tissue tumors with clinical and MR finding complex. Materials and methods: We were analysed 82 pathologically confirmed soft tissue solid tumors (37 cases as malignancy including intermediate tumors and 45 cases as benign including inflammatory masses) which are correlated with clinical findings such as age, size, and location, MR findings such as tumor border, texture on T2 and contrast-T1 images, and enhancement area retrospectively. Many typical lipoma and cysts including of ganglion and abscess are rejected in the benign soft tissue tumor group because not difficult to diagnose on MR. Results: Malignant soft tissue tumors were more frequent in 21~40 and 61~80 years old of the age, above 3.0 cm of the size, trunk-pelvis-lower extremities of the location, and MR findings with irregular border and above 50% of the enhancement area than those of benign soft tissue tumors. Conclusion: The clinical finding that divided to two locations as trunk-pelvis-lower extremities and upper extremities-shoulder-spine was statistically significant to differentiate malignant from benign soft tissue solid tumors. However, the others would provide some useful informations to differentiate them never specific.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2010

Purpose: We introduce arthroscopically assisted mini-open rotator cuff repair using anterolateral approach. Operative Technique: Placing lateral decubitus position on general anesthesia, a standard arthroscopic glenohumeral examination is performed to evaluate lesions of shoulder joint through posterior and anterior portal. And then arthroscope is placed in the subacromial space and we evaluate the size of the torn tendon and perform arthroscopic acromioplasty through lateral portal. A 3 to 4 cm skin incision is performed from anterolateral edge of acromion to distal and dissected along to raphe between anterior and middle deltoid. A deltoid retractor is then placed, allowing direct visualization of the rotator cuff and humeral head. As torn tendon is tagged by traction suture, we try to anatomical reduction on the footprint and then perform single row or double row repair of the rotator cuff using suture anchors. To prevent avulsion of the deltoid from the acromion, additional sutures by bone tunnel with acromion and deltoid is performed. Conclusion: This technique is useful procedure to get direct approach to anterior portion of supraspinatus tendon and to need lesser deltoid retraction than portal extension approach due to dividing along to raphe between anterior and middle deltoid. Also it provide better visualization of the superior portion of subscapularis and infraspinatus.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the accuracy and usability of the three dimensional ultrasonography in measuring the size of the rotator cuff tear, especially before and after the injection of normal saline into the glenohumeral joint. Materials and Methods: 14 patients of rotator cuff tear who were diagnosed and operated from August 2007 to September 2008 were included in this study and authors compared the size of rotator cuff tear measured with three dimensional ultrasonography with the real size measured intraoperatively. In preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation, horizontal and longitudinal length of rotator cuff tear before and after injection of normal saline intraarticularly. During the arthroscopic operation the size of tear was measured by passing a Kirschner wire through a spinal needle and direct measure was performed in open surgery. Results: The average difference was 8 mm in horizontal and 1.9 mm in longitudinal length of tear without saline injection between ultrasonographic and intraoperative measure. The average difference was 4.1 mm in horizontal and 1.6 mm in longitudinal length of tear after the normal saline injection. Conclusion: In three dimensional ultrasonographic evaluation in rotator cuff tear, intraarticular normal saline injection would produce more accurate results.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.163-167
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• 2000

Aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC) is a benign lesion and generally occurs in the long bones and vertebral column. ABC of the rib is an uncommon entity. We reported a case of ABC originating in the left first rib. The patient was a 19-year-old woman and presented with palpable mass on the shoulder. Chest X ray and MRI showed a large expansile mass, with multiple cystic areas, arising from the left first rib and bulging out into retroclavicular and paravertebral soft tissue, so the lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a soft tissue malignant tumor destructing adjacent rib. On histological examination, the mass, which was surrounded by a peripheral band of mature trabecular bone, consisted of multiple anastomosing cavernous blood channels separated by fibrous septa that containing osteoid, myxochondroid material and osteoclast-type giant cells.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.457-466
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• 2009

This study puts the purpose in providing the scientific basis of dance motion as an artistic expression by analyzing the kinematic variable and the distribution factor of power affecting the motion, which is connected to the turn, right after the arabesque motion according to the existence and non existence of using the arm in the arabesque motion of modern dance. As a result of this study, arabesque turn motion, not using the upper limbs, used more turning force of head and body than the arabesque turn motion, using the upper limbs, and arabesque turn using the upper limbs obtained the turning force, using the right shoulder. The range of the hip joint on the left and the position change of left tiptoe in the Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs is largely ascended to the vertical axis, while, the position of tiptoe in the Arabesque turn motion, not using the upper limbs is dropped to the lower part of each event. In the replacement of body center, Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs is moved more to the turning axis than arabesque turn motion not using the upper limbs. As a result of maximum vertical ground reaction force, Arabesque turn motion using the upper limbs appeared to be a lower value than the Arabesque turn motion not using the upper limbs.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2015

There is a progressive development in the medical imaging technology, especially of descriptive capability for anatomical structure of human body thanks to advancement of information technology and medical devices. But however maintenance of correct posture is essential for the medical imaging checkup on the shoulder joint requiring rotation of the upper limb due to the complexity of human body. In the cases of MRI examination, long duration and fixed posture are critical, as failure to comply with them leads to minimal possibility of reproducibility only with the efforts of the examiner and will of the patient. Thus, this study aimed to develop an auxiliary device that enables rotation of the upper limb as well as fixing it at quantitative angles for medical imaging examination capable of providing diagnostic values. An auxiliary device has been developed based on the results of precedent studies, by designing a 3D model with the CATIA software, an engineering application, and producing it with the 3D printer. The printer is Objet350 Connex from Stratasys, and acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene(ABS) is used as the material of the device. Dimensions are $120{\times}150{\times}190mm$, with the inner diameter of the handle being 125.9 mm. The auxiliary device has 4 components including the body (outside), handle (inside), fixture terminal and the connection part. The body and handle have the gap of 2.1 mm for smooth rotation, while the 360 degree of scales have been etched on the handle so that the angle required for observation may be recorded per patient for traceability and dual examination.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

This study develops a technique training program to enhance the completion of Kolman, the high air flight technique, and applies it to two national athletes of the horizontal bar, one of the gymnastic events, for eight weeks. After that, their improvement was measured through 3D motion analysis to help them elevate their performance. The training program includes swing, hand release, twist, and bar hold, and its implementation produced the results stated below. They were made to practice the motion in the following way. After the hand-standing of giant swing which initiates the motion, they lift their body upward a little bit more. Next, they take their body down almost like a vertical descent and make a deep tap swing. Instead of doing the tap swing which widens the flection of hip and shoulder joints, while body revolution is more emphasized in particular, they release the bar as raising the centroid of their body sufficiently. During the flight, they try to narrow every joint in their body. As a result, the bar's elasticity becomes greatly increased, and since the backing rate of their body gets higher, the centripetal force of the swing is improved that they can release the bar in the higher position. In addition, because they can erect their body faster during the flight, they can perform comfortable twist and revolution in the air. They can also adjust the direction of the flight easily without too much concern for the proper timing of hand release as they rise. Thereby, they can not only maintain adequate distance from the bar for the bar hold but also ensure enough distance for body revolution and twist.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-174
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• 2007

The subject of this study was male apparatus gymnastics athlete who had scored high points doing basket with 1/2 turn on parallel bars. Then 3D motion analysis were used to calculate & analyse kinematic variables of Basket with 1/2 turn to Handstand. 1. The total average time spent for Basket with 1/2 turn took $2.16{\pm}.08sec$, at the downward upward phase took $.58{\pm}0.00sec$, $.23{\pm}.00sec$, at flight phase took $.28{\pm}.01sec$, at connected area phase took $.72{\pm}0.21sec$, at rotation area phase took $.35{\pm}.14sec$. To have a successful performance, there should be faster speed and velocity to rotate at the downward upward phase, then the upward velocity and height must be used adequately. Moreover, the speed must be faster at the flight connect phase to stabilize Center of Mass(CM) for the body, and must secure more time at the rotation area to have more stable performance. 2. After handstand on parallel bars while moving CM to right hand side, and It must be performed with big and magnificent performance with putting both hand's center to far away from the parallel bars. 3. Furthermore, CM must be moved fast from downwards to right hand side, and CM must be moved fast in vertical movement at upward and flight phase to avoid CM from moving back and forth, and left and right. 4. At downwards, the subject must rotate as bis as possible using hip-joint as wide as possible and at upwards, must put his body to vertical to have stable performance. While rotating or turning, it is better to do with bigger shoulder angle and have to make sure that trunk angle must be not scattered. To perform better and more positive in basket with 1/2 turn on parallel bars, the centrifugal force must be used big and fast at downward, and at upward and flight phase, downward movement must change to vertical movement as soon as possible while turning movement must happen at handstand position. Time spent must be shorten at connected area to stabilize CM and turning must be natural as possible while securing the necessary time of movement to well-balanced. Also, the body must be vertically closed from the ground.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Background: Thoracic spine self-mobilization exercise is commonly used to manage patients with neck pain. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of thoracic spine self-mobilization exercise alone in patients with chronic neck pain. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thoracic self-mobilization using a tool on cervical range of motion (ROM), disability level, upper body posture, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: The subjects were 49 patients (21 males, 28 females) with chronic neck pain. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 23) and control group (CG, n = 26). For the EG, thoracic self-mobilization was applied. We placed a tool (made with 2 tennis balls) under 3 different vertebral levels (T1-4, T5-8, T9-12) of the thoracic spine and the subjects performed crunches, which included thoracic flexion and extension in supine position. Five times × 3 sets for each levels, twice a week, for 4 weeks. Cervical pain, disability, upper body posture, FABQ results, and ROM were evaluated at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, and at 8 weeks of follow-up. Assessments included the quadruple visual analogue scale (QVAS); Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire (NPQ); craniovertebral angles (CVA), forward shoulder angle (FSA) and kyphosis angle (KA) measurements for upper body posture; FABQ and cervical ROM testing. Results: The EG showed a statistically significant improvement after intervention in the QVAS (-51.16%); NPQ (-53.46%); flexion (20.95%), extension (25.32%), left rotation (14.04%), and right rotation (25.32%) in the ROM of the cervical joint; KA (-7.14%); CVA (9.82%); and FSA (-4.12%). Conclusion: These results suggest that, for patients with chronic neck pain, thoracic self-mobilization exercise using a tool (tennis balls) is effective to improve neck pain, disability level, the ROM, and upper body posture.