• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzed the effects of digastric muscle injury on mandibular growth in young rats. Methods: Fourteen 4-week-old Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; experimental group A (n=6) with unilateral (right) shortening of the posterior digastric muscle, experimental group B (n=6) with bilateral shortening of the posterior digastric muscles, and control group C (n=2) who underwent a sham operation. Eight weeks after the operation all animals were sacrificed and the outcomes were compared using body weight evaluation, mensurations on lateral radiograph of hemimandibles and histological evaluation. Results: There was no significant difference between groups A and B in body weight gain. Comparison of the mean values of hemimandible distance on radiograph was performed. The difference in group mean value of mandible-related distances was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (rank sum test) and a comparison of the homonymous distances of group A and B was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. There were differences between sides in mandibular length in group B and mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle in group A (all, p<0.05). There were differences in condylar height and mandibular length on the left side between groups A and B (p<0.05). Histologic examination of temporomandibular joint showed similar findings in all specimens. Conclusions: Injury of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle during the rat growth period induced shortening of mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle. It can be inferred that trauma to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle affects horizontal and vertical growth of the mandible.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to study effects fo dosage and insemination interval on fertility and hatchability of whole semen and diluted semen with yolk skim milk and skim milk dilutors. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Whole semen showed higher fertility than diluted semen with yolk skim milk and skim milk dilutors. In case of diluted semen, the fertility was higher in 0.04$m\ell$ dosage than 0.02$m\ell$ and in skim milk than yolk skim milk dilutor. 2. The average fertility in inseminational intervals of 6, 5, 4 and 3 days was 52.4, 35.5, 48.7 and 44.2% in whole semen and 40.6, 17.2, 13.9 and 20.5% in 0.04$m\ell$ diluted semen with yolk skim milk dilutor. The fertility was not improved by shortening of insemination interval. 3. There was no considerable difference in hatchability of fertilized egg among the dosage of 0.02$m\ell$ of whole semen, 0.02$m\ell$ and 0.04$m\ell$ of diluted semen with yolk skim milk, and among the insemination intervals of 6, 5, 4 and 3 days. 4. Some differences in fertility among the passed days after insemination were decreased in the whole semen by shortening insemination interval from 6 and 5 days to 4 and 3days and also decreased in the diluted semen by shortening it to 3 days and by increasing dosage from 0.02$m\ell$ to 0.04$m\ell$. 5. Hatchability of fertilized egg showed no difference among the passed days during 6 days insemination interval both in the whole semen and the diluted semen. 6. The whole semen and the diluted semen with skim milk had not considerable difference in fertility among the passed days during 3 and 4 days insemination intervals, but the diluted semen with yolk skim milk had. 7. Hatchability of fertilized egg from the whole semen diluted semen with yolk skim milk and skim milk dilutors showed no difference among the passed days during 3 and 4 days insemination intervals.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.6
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• pp.473-484
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• 2013

Shorten URL service is the method of using short URL instead of long URL, it redirect short url to long URL. While the users of microblog increased rapidly, as the creating and usage of shorten URL is convenient, shorten url became common under the limited length of writing on microblog. E-mail, SMS and books use shorten URL well, because of its simplicity. But, there is no relativeness between the most of shorten URLs and their target URLs, user can not expect the target URL. To cover this problem, there is attempts such as changing the shorten URL service name, inserting the information of website into shorten URL, and the usage of shortcode of physical address. However, each ones has the limits, so these are the trouble of automation, relatively long address, and the narrowness of applicable targets. SHRT is complementary to the attempts, as getting the idea from the writing system of Arabic. Though the writing system of Arabic has no vowel alphabet, Arabs have no difficult to understand their writing. This paper proposes SHRT, new method of URL Shortening. SHRT makes user guess the target URL using Relative word of the lowest domain of target URL without vowels.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2013

Purpose: Recurrence is one of the most common complications after primary correction for hallux valgus deformities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Scarf osteotomy with axial decompression in the treatment of recurrent hallux valgus. Materials and Methods: From April 2006 to April 2011, 14 cases (12 patients) of recurrent hallux valgus were managed with shortening Scarf osteotomy. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed for the measurement of the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and the amount of the $1^{st}$ metatarsal shortening. Clinical outcomes including the visual analogue scale (VAS), the AOFAS score, and the range of motion [ROM] of the 1st metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were evaluated. Results: The mean HVA decreased from 27.9 degrees to 5.2 and the mean IMA decreased from 12.9 to 3.4. The mean VAS improved from 5.3 to 0.3 and the mean AOFAS score improved from 41 to 90. The mean amount of the 1st metatarsal shortening was 3.4 mm (2-5). The mean ROM of the $1^{st}$ MTP joint improved from 22 degrees (15-35) to 68 (55-75). Conclusion: Scarf osteotomy associated with axial decompression can be a useful revision procedure for the treatment of recurrent hallux valgus deformity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2018

This study is conducted to improve the manufacturing process of the modular construction method, which is a pre-fabricated construction method recognized for its advantage on the shortening of construction time. This study first identified the factors that result in shortening of pre-fabrication processes in the current module-processing factory. In addition, those identified factors were further considered for installing the M.E.P. system that is being outsourced on the main module in the production line. A manufacturing process of the construction modules, which considers installation of a M.E.P. system most suitable for shortening the time on the outsourcing of modular construction, is introduced throughout the research. Furthermore, this study suggests the factors in need of improvement during design phase of modular construction and improvement measures to consider the quality of unit modules by focusing on the module parts that are most exposed to defects.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

In this paper, we consider an OFDM receiver algorithm design for IEEE 802.11a/p system, which targeting large coverage area while keeping the transmission format unchanged. Particularly, taking into account the inter-symbol interference(ISI) and inter-carrier interference(ICI) that can be induced with large RMS delay spread, we employ channel shortening time-domain equalizer(TEQ) and evaluate the receiver performance in terms of SINR and packet error rate(PER). The preamble defined in IEEE802.11a/p is used to estimated the initial equalizer tap coefficients. Primary purpose of the paper is to give an answer to the question, though partially, whether or not 16-QAM constellation can be used in none line of sight environment at the boundary of a large coverage area. To this end, we first analyze the required TEQ parameters for the target channel environment and then perform simulation for PER performance evaluation in a generic frequency selective fading channel with exponential power-delay profile.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between two nailing approaches of intramedullary screw fixation, the retrograde nailing versus the anterograde nailing, on the radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with clavicle shaft fractures. Methods: From April 2002 to August 2014, we enrolled a total of 22 patients with clavicle shaft fractures to participate in this study. Twelve patients received retrograde intramedullary nailing and 10 received anterograde nailing. The average duration of follow-up was 12 months. In all the patients, we took follow-up radiographs of the anteroposterior and the axial views to assess the postoperative radiological outcomes. We measured the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the range of motion (ROM). Results: Clinically, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the retrograde group and the anterograde group in terms of the duration to bone union, the VAS score the ASES score and the ROMs. Radiologically, we found that the difference in the clavicle shortening of the affected arm and the unaffected arm did not show a statistically significant difference at the immediate postoperative assessment. we found that the difference in the clavicle shortening of the affected arm between the immediate postoperative and the final follow-up value did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: We found that both the retrograde nailing and the anterograde nailing gave a favorable outcome for clavicle shaft fractures. Although we saw evidence of clavicle shortening after intramedullary screw fixation, this was not a factor that influenced clinical outcome.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2011

Purpose: Blepharoptosis is often associated with telecanthus and the presence of epicanthal fold in telecanthus is one of unique features in Asian eyelids. The purpose of this article is to define telecanthus and pseudotelecanthus, and to determine optimal surgical procedure depending on classification of telecanthus. Methods: Among 187 patients with blepharoptosis who had the advancement procedure of the Muller's musclelevator aponeurosis composite flap for ptosis, 55 patients underwent Flowers' split V-W plasty concomitantly with shortening the medial canthal tendon for correction of telecanthus from September 2003 to January 2011. Among them, 52 patients were followed up for 16 months. We newly defined telecanthus because Mustarde ratio is inaccurate to measure in certain cases and then made a definition of pseudotelecanthus. Besides, we also classified telecanthus into mild, moderate and severe types based on its severity. Results: Telecanthus is defined when the ICD (inner canthal distance) is greater than 110% of normal ICD. Pseudotelecanthus is a telecanthus like a wide skin bridge formed between the eyes because of the epicanthal fold in the normal ICD. Flowers' split V-W plasty combined with shortening medial canthal tendon was very effective in mild and moderate telecanthus with almost invisible scar and no recurrence occurring. In severe types, however, it showed high incidence (28%) of incomplete correction of telecanthus. Conclusion: New definition of telecanthus can be easily applied to any case and we think the classification of telecanthus is useful to select an appropriate operative procedure. Split V-W plasty with shortening of medial canthal tendon is a very effective procedure in mild and moderate telecanthus. Besides, it is also effective in improving the treatment outcomes of ptosis in cases of blepharoptosis associated with telecanthus.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the wage level of new job seekers in the platform labor market affects the period on getting the first job. Recently, the platform gets attention as one of alternatives to solve the increase of unemployment rate. It is important to create quality jobs that we build up a trust between employers and employees in the platform. Previous studies showed that feedback from previous employers is important for solving the information asymmetry problem between those people. However, there is no feedback for new job seekers who have not get the first job. Therefore, we focus on the fact that wages are presented by job seekers rather than employers in the platform, and we will figure out that the low wages of new job seekers may affect the shortening of job-hunting period. For this reason, we use 3,704 job seekers of Freelancer.com. Survival analysis shows that low wages for new job seekers have a significant impact on shortening job-hunting period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.100-106
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• 1975

Germinating ability of green seed in maturing period was investigated to develop the technics on generation shortening. Rapeseed did not germinate until 40 days after flowering (=DAF) in green seed and 50 DAF in dried seed. Effective germination to be utilized for generation shortening came on 55 DAF for dried seed by heating and on 75 DAF for green seed. The periodic time of seed dormancy in maturing period had two cycles and rest period was considered that it was different according to the ecological types of early, middle and late maturity.