• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 2018

Despite the substantial changes made in the product design field to adopt light as an essential design element, there has been little effort to define how customers respond emotionally to the light design of products. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the emotional effect of light as a new design element. However, previous research focuses solely on deriving optimal lighting conditions to achieve particular emotional effects. Therefore, this paper investigates the customers' desired emotional effects of product's light design. We studied refrigerators that utilize light as the main design element of the product. We applied mixed methods by combining close-ended questions and open-ended question to efficiently derive the desired emotion. Participants were asked to choose the most favorable refrigerator image in each of the twelve image groups and indicate why they choose that image with the short-answer survey form. Approximately one thousand terms were collected, and those terms were classified into 29 groups using thesaurus relationships. The term groups were again classified into the four big emotion categories and labelled as "abstract quality," "light property," "space perception," and "visual comfort." Also, a model of the relationship between desired light style and light properties was proposed, since we observed the light properties related to three other categories. This study used mixed methods to identify the emotional value of a new design element. We suggest that the emotional categories derived and the proposed relationship model could be used to evaluate the product's light design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.284-296
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• 2020

This study investigates the effect of SSI debate on first-year high school student's opinions about environmental issue, their judgment grounds, and solutions to regional environmental problems. The SSI debate was about white heron habitats near the village where students live. As the main data of the study, environmental perception questionnaires, and students' workbook including open-ended questions were collected before and after class. The environmental perception questionnaire was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and the response of the open-ended questions was analyzed through inductive qualitative research methods. First, the results of this study shows that the SSI debate has a statistically significant impact on students' environmental attitude. Second, a majority of students agreed on the idea that villagers should drive the birds out of town and they did not change their after the discussion class. However, after the discussion class, students' solutions about the issue were changed in a way that more short-term, feasible, concrete, and less time-consuming solutions to the problem. Based on the results of this study, this study implies that SSI issue debate using local problem should be used more often in science classroom so the students recognize local SSI and improve real world problem solving skills.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.349-367
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• 1996

The development of small granule-containing cell in the superior cervical ganglion was studied by electron microscopic method in human fetuses ranging from 40 mm to 260 mm crown rump length (10 to 30 weeks of gestational age). At 40 mm fetus, the superior cervical ganglion was composed of clusters of undifferentiated cells, primitive neuroblasts, and unmyelinated nerve fibers together with blood vessels. At 90 mm fetus, the superior cervical ganglion consisted of neuroblasts, satellite cell, small granule-containing cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Two morphological types of the small granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglion were first indentified at 90 mm fetus, but were rare. Type I granule-containing cell occurred in solitary and had long processes, whereas type II cells tend to appeared in clusters near the blood capillaries. The granule-containing cells were characterized by the presence of dense-cored vesicles ranging from $150{\sim}300nm$ in diameter in both the cell bodies and processes. Other organelles included abundant mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, neurotubules, and widely distributed ribosomes. The granule-containing cells had long processes similar to those found in principal ganglionic cells. They could be identified by their content in dense-cored vesicles. The small granule-containing cells increased somewhat in size and number with increase of fetal age. Synaptic contacts were first found on the solitary granule-containing cell at 150 mm fetus. Synaptic contacts between the soma and processes of type I granule-containing cells and preganglionic axon terminals were observed. In addition, synaptic junctions between the processes of granule-containing cells and presumed dendrite of postganglionic neuron were also observed from 150 mm onward. On the basis of these features type I granule-containing cells could be considered as interneurons. The clusters of type II granule-containing cells were located in the interstitial or subcapsular portions of the ganglion, and had short processes which ended in close relation to fenestrated capillaries. Therefore it may be infer that clusters of type II granule-containing cells have an endocrine function.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

In this paper our main focus is to provide insight into the history of M&A's for this purpose we have analysed the different waves of M&A. We have analysed these waves in context of available literature and fact and figures. During the study we realised that almost all of the waves of M&A's ended because of financial crises, although impact and severity of that crises may differ. We analysed the impact of current crises on M&A in global context and in order to establish how companies have and in post crises era i.e. after crises of 2007 onwards how the companies have changed their corporate strategies to accommodate M&A's. We have also analysed which factors fuelled M&A's in past and were these factors present in post crises era M&A activities. By first quarter of 2011 the many firms saw new growth opportunities in M&A activities seemed to rebound as large companies used M&A's as part of their corporate strategy but this was cut short by events like US debt ceiling, down grade of USA's credit ratings along with fears about Eurozone's financial health and their impact on future prospects of M&A's would they continue to prosper or would they be weighed down by these events.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2002

In this study, on the basis of the seventh national mathematics curriculum, the achievement standards were developed to specify the objectives and contents of teaching-learning and the assessment standards were also developed to differentiate students' levels of achievement at school mathematics. The achievement standards were developed on the following guidelines; 1) to present the minimum standards based on the national curriculum, 2) to develop the standards based on the order of curriculum, 3) to suggest the minimum but ultimate achievement target, 4) to comprise not only of the intellectual but also of psychological spheres such as knowledge, function, attitude, aptitude, etc., and 5) to suggest the standards comprehensively and concretely. The standards were developed on the basis of the middle areas of contents of the curriculum in order not to be too comprehensive, nor to be too detailed. Learning activities, on the other hand, were provided for the assistance of instructions with emphasis on creativity rather than on the routine instruction. The assessment standards were established based on the following principles; 1) to establish the assessment methods, contents, and situations which are to be used for assessment, 2) to establish the criteria of classifying the assessed into the upper, intermediate and lower levels, 3) to develop the assessment standards in a proportionate balance to achievement standards, 4) to establish the intermediate level as a standard, and 5) to establish the minimum level in the contents, concepts, values and attitudes of basic learning. This study also suggested the exemplary test items including short-answer and open-ended questions while putting emphasis on students' real performance to increase their ability in solving problems rather than in calculating. In addition to the test items, it introduced the grading system developed to grade the items with concrete guidelines and to report students' achievement on doing mathematics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1999

In this paper, a GaAs MESFET single-ended resistive mixer with high linearity and isolation is designed. The bias voltage of this mixer is applied only gate of GaAs MESFET to use the channel resistance. The LO is applied the gate and the RF is applied the drain through 7-pole hairpin bandpass filter to obtain the proper isolation thru LO-RF. The IF is extracted from the source with short circuit and lowpass filter. Using extracted equivalent circuits for LO and RF, conversion loss is calculated and compared with result of harmonic balance analysis. Measured conversion loss of this S-band down converter mixer is 8.2~10.5dB by considering the measured 3.0~3.4dB RF 7-pole hairpin bandpass filter loss and IP3in is 26.5dBm at Vg=-0.85~-1.0V in distortion performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.839-844
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• 2003

For mass and volume reduction, input demultiplxer and output multiplexer of satellite transponder widely adopt dual-mode waveguide filters fer channel filters. Generally, channel filters of the input demultiplexer are doubly terminated and channel filters of manifold output multiplexer should be singly terminated fur correct operation. This paper gives a tuning method using short-ended dummy cavity for dual-mode cavity filters. Tuning is based on the match of the computed and measured phase response of reflection coefficient. This proposed method is applied to 4-pole dual-mode doubly terminated elliptic response filter and 6-pole dual-mode singly terminated elliptic response filter for demonstration of this new tuning method. It is shown that this method shows good agreement between the experimental and computed results.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.205-220
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• 2007

In the 17th century, men's hair style showed a dramatical change to thick hair style with femineity. During the 17th century, men wore their hair longer than at any other time in the history of western culture. Men's hairs in the early 17th century were defined as short hair style influenced by ruff collar of renaissance and thick beards and moustaches During the mid 17th century, shoulder-length hair style was predominant over all classes. As hair style became long, beards and moustaches gradually declined in favour: from 1625, small neat beards, and moustaches turned up at the ends, got progressively smaller, and by 1650 the beard was only small tuft on the chin, disappearing completely by 1680. In the late 17th century, very long, thick and shiny hair got a great popularity with the gorgeous and decorative baroque costume dominated over the entire Europe. The habit of adding false hair when natural hair was deficient led to the introduction of the periwig, which became an essential part of a fashionable man's attire. Wiggery were widely used to express curled and puffed hairs more exaggerated. As the long hair style with wiggery became popular, various style of beard and moustache got smallar so that they were ended up in entire disappearance in the end of the 17th century.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

Purpose: During the treatments of cancer patients with a linear accelerator (LINAC) using photon beams with energies ≥8 MV, the components inside the LINAC head get activated through the interaction of photonuclear reaction (γ, n) and neutron capture (n, γ). We used spectroscopy and measured the dose rate for the LINAC in operation after the treatment ended. Methods: We performed spectroscopy and dose rate measurements for three units of LINACs with a portable high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector and a survey meter. The spectra were obtained after the beams were turned off. Spectroscopy was conducted for 3,600 seconds, and the dose rate was measured three times. We identified the radionuclides for each LINAC. Results: According to gamma spectroscopy results, most of the nuclides were short-lived radionuclides with half-lives of 100 days, except for ⁶⁰Co, ⁶⁵Zn, and ¹⁸¹W nuclides. The dose rate for three LINACs obtained immediately in front of the crosshair was in the range of 0.113 to 0.129 µSv/h. The maximum and minimum dose rates measured on weekends were 0.097 µSv/h and 0.092 µSv/h, respectively. Compared with the differences in weekday data, there was no significant difference between the data measured on Saturday and Sunday. Conclusions: Most of the detected radionuclides had half-lives <100 days, and the dose rate decreased rapidly. For equipment that primarily used energies ≤10 MV, when the equipment was transferred after at least 10 minutes after shutting it down, it is expected that there will be little effect on the workers' exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2000

For the construction of 4.8km long Multi-Purpose Jamuna Bridge in Bangladesh, 2 or 3 large diameter open-ended steel pipe piles were used for the foundation of piers. A total of 123 piles were driven for 50 piers and 2 test piles from the river bed through the normally-consolidated upper sand layer and rested n top of gravel layer. Two types of piles, having 3.15 or 2.50m diameter and variable wall thickness in the range of 40 to 60mm, were driven to the depths of 69 to 74m with the rake of 6:1 by connecting 2 or 3 pieces of short piles. Dynamic pile tests were performed on 24 selected piles during pile driving and soil plug length inside the pile was also measured after driving of each short section.These piles were plugged with soil to, though slightly affected by pile diameters, about 75% of total length of pile driven. Active plug at the tip of pile contributed substantial amount of inner skin friction to the total capacity. Piles soon after driving showed a skin-friction dominant pile behaviour, tat is, 90% of total capacity being developed by skin resistance. Quakes values and Smith damping factors were almost constant regardless of pile diameters. This result reflects the influence of uniform soil condition at the site.