• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

The black-tailed gull chicks, Larus crassirostris, recognize various adult voice signal base on the simple patterns. We investigated behavior change in black-tailed gull chicks through physical manipulation of mew call. They were playback in four situations differing in physical character: 1) frequency manipulation only, 2) duration manipulation only, 3) call intensity(dB) manipulation only, and 4) call interval manipulation only. We observed occurrence of different response of the chicks, which were categorized into two behaviors(hidden and return behavior). The manipulated frequency, duration, and intensity were directly correlated. The chicks exposed to only manipulated call interval(0.5, 1sec) made significantly more hidden and return behavior. Adult black-tailed gull only increased flight time on manipulated call interval. The results suggest that black-tailed gulls use short call interval for alarm signal. The analysis of alarm signal provides an important on basic study of bird strike.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In this study, we analyzed the pulse-duration, pulse-interval and peak-frequency of echolocation call in three species as Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Pipistrellus abramus, and Myotis macrodactylus. The peak frequency and pulse duration for above mentioned species were 69 kHz, 47 kHz and 49 kHz and $69.39{\pm}8.76\;ms$, $4.95{\pm}0.77\;ms$ and $3.09{\pm}0.48\;ms$ for R. ferrumequinum, P. abramus and M. macrodactylus, respectively. The pulse intervals for R. ferrumequinum, P. abramus and M. macrodactylus were $103.61{\pm}9.05\;ms$, $67.59{\pm}3.47\;ms$ and $66.35{\pm}4.96\;ms$, respectively. The pulse pattern of R. ferrumequinum was setting into a short FM call and linked to long CF call and went through the short FM call again. The pulse pattern of M. macrodactylus was comprised with serial short FM call and the CF call was not checked up in accordance with the spectrogram analysis. The long FM call and short CF call got join together for the P. abramus and the peak frequency was checked up at the pulse ending as CF call.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

This paper presents two algorithms based on the Jamshidian equation which is from the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. The first algorithm is for American call options and the second one is for American put options. They compute numerically free boundary and then option price, iteratively, because the free boundary and the option price are coupled implicitly. By the upwind finite-difference scheme, we discretize the Jamshidian equation with respect to asset variable s and set up a linear system whose solution is an approximation to the option value. Using the property that the coefficient matrix of this linear system is an M-matrix, we prove several theorems in order to formulate a bisection method, which generates a sequence of intervals converging to the fixed interval containing the free boundary value with error bound h. These algorithms have the accuracy of O(k + h), where k and h are step sizes of variables t and s, respectively. We prove that they are unconditionally stable. We applied our algorithms for a series of numerical experiments and compared them with other algorithms. Our algorithms are efficient and applicable to options with such constraints as r > d, $r{\leq}d$, long-time or short-time maturity T.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1B호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2009

전통적인 서버/클라이언트 구조에서 클라이언트는 이미 알고 있는 서버에 접속하여 정보를 얻거나 웹 검색 등과 같은 방식으로 정보나 서비스를 이용하였다. 그러나 최근에 다양한 장치들이 인터넷에 접속 가능하게 되었으며, 이들 장치들이 제공하는 정보와 서비스의 갱신 주기가 짧고, 서비스 제공자이면서 동시에 서비스 소비자가 되는 특징을 보인다. 이런 상황에서는 네트워크 상에 존재하는 새로운 정보나 서비스를 찾기에는 전통적인 방식이 부적합하다. 본 논문에서는 장치가 네트워크에 접속되면 서비스의 프로파일을 주변의 모든 장치들에게 방송 형태로 알리는 서비스 푸시 모델을 제안한다. 임의의 네트워크 장치가 새로 연결되면 네트워크 상에 이미 존재하는 서비스 프로파일 목록을 한 번에 얻거나 서비스 제공자로부터 새로 푸시된 서비스 프로파일을 즉각적으로 얻게 되어 언제든지 서비스를 이용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 P2P 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 JXTA 플랫폼을 이용하여 서비스 푸시 시스템을 구현하고 실험을 통해 서비스 푸시 시 서비스 프로파일 전파 시간, 네트워크 진입시 서비스 목록을 받는데 걸리는 시간, 서비스 호출에 따른 실행 응답 시간 등을 측정하였다.