• 인지과학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2015

서답형 문항은 학생들의 종합적인 사고력을 평가할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나, 채점 비용이 많이 들고 채점자의 주관이 개입될 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 이런 단점을 개선하기 위해 영어권에서는 자동채점 시스템을 개발하여 사용하고 있으나, 한국어의 경우에는 아직 여전히 연구 단계에 있다. 본 논문에서는 준지도학습 방법을 이용한 한국어 서답형 문항의 채점 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 모범답안을 초기 모델로 학생답안의 일부를 채점하고 그 결과를 이용해서 점진적으로 학생답안의 채점을 늘려가는 준지도학습 방법을 이용한다. 제안된 시스템을 평가하기 위해서 2013학년도 학업성취도 평가의 국어 및 사회 과목의 서답형 문항을 사용했다. 채점 시간과 일관성에 관해서 매우 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 그 결과 채점 시간을 크게 단출할 수 있었으며 다양한 채점 방법을 적용하여 객관성을 확보한다면 현장에서 바로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this survey was to investigate utilization, intended use, problems with and demand for medical devices by surveying members of the traditional Korean medical society. Methods: We distributed questionnaires to 13,957 traditional Korean medical doctors via e-mail, and received replies from 1,225. The questionnaire consisted of 4 multiple-choice questions for survey respondent information, 8 multiple-choice questions about the status of medical devices utilizing, and a short answer question about the demand for medical devices. Results: Use of medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics is common. Diagnostic medical devices are mainly used to assess the patient's condition and to establish a close rapport with clients. In case of therapeutic medical devices, they are usually used for secondary treatment. Issues with traditional Korean medical devices currently in use were ineligibility for national health insurance, low reliability, uncertain validity, and high price. In development of traditional Korean medical equipment, the need for diagnostic medical devices was greater than for therapeutic, and the need for the recording and analysis of medical image data and visualization of medical information was great. Conclusions: There is growing demand for facilitating the development and commercialization of traditional Korean medical devices. To satisfy this demand, research on evaluation indicators that reflect functional and structural clinical information and how to clinically assess the indicators should proceed.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2001

Recent trends in globalization and informatization underscore the importance of logistics. As a result, there is a need for skilled and specialized logisticians. Third Party Logistics (TPL) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) require logisticians with a broad base of knowledge in areas such as multimodal transport, international trade, information technology computers, finance, operations management, etc. This study conducted a survey to find out the opinions of demanders and suppliers. The results of the surrey show that there are more skilled logisticians in the field of management, computer works in manager level and system management. The survey also found that the certificate exam, which the Ministry of Construction and Transportation started in 1997 as the "Certified Logistics Manager" exam, should have more questions in areas such as foreign languages, computers, logistics information, management skills, etc. To produce better logisticians in Korea, the government will have to invest more into their education, especially near the major ports and metropolitan areas. In addition, it is important that universities and companies work together to provide students with internship and other field-experience teaming opportunities. Logistics education centers should be built at the national level. In addition, the existing certification should be divided into two separate certifications: one for ordinary logistics, and one for international logistics. To further improve the certification system, short-answer or essay questions should be added to the second exam, and an additional certification for the highest level logisticians, a so-called "professional logisticians certificate," needs to be introduced.ntroduced.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.217-235
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to define the altenative assessment and to suggest the method of scoring system. Alternative assessment includes any type of assessment in which student create reponses to a question rather than choosing a responses form given list( as for multiple choice, true/false, or matching). Alternative assessment can includes short answer questions, essay, performances, oral presentation, demonstrations, exhibitions, portfolios, and etc. To evaluate the each type of assessment, we can apply the method of holistic scoring and analytic scoring system. Also we have to concern the type of scoring mechanism directly relate to what we want to assess, our purpose for assessment fitting into the educational enterprise. Before applying the alternative assessment in our classroom, we need to step back and reconsider all our design features and teachers' responsibility.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.73-95
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• 2000

In this study, on the basis of the seventh national mathematics curriculum, the achievement standards were developed to specify the objectives and contents of teaching-learning at the first and second elementary school mathematics. The assessment standards were also developed to differentiate students’ levels of achievement with ‘high’, ‘mid’ and ‘low’ categories. Furthermore, this stuffy suggested the exemplary test items including short-answer and open-ended questions while putting emphasis on students' real performance to increase their ability in solving problems rather than in calculating. In addition to the test items, it introduced the grading system developed to grade the items with concrete guidelines and to report students' achievement on doing mathematics.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1400-1418
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• 2020

In the development of commercial promotion, chatbot is known as one of significant skill by application of natural language processing (NLP). Conventional design methods are using bag-of-words model (BOW) alone based on Google database and other online corpus. For one thing, in the bag-of-words model, the vectors are Irrelevant to one another. Even though this method is friendly to discrete features, it is not conducive to the machine to understand continuous statements due to the loss of the connection between words in the encoded word vector. For other thing, existing methods are used to test in state-of-the-art online corpus but it is hard to apply in real applications such as telemarketing data. In this paper, we propose an improved chatbot design way using hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model based on the real telemarketing data. Specifically, we first collect the real data in the telemarketing field and perform data cleaning and data classification on the constructed corpus. Second, the word representation is adopted hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model. The skip-gram model maps synonyms in the vicinity of vector space. The correlation between words is expressed, so the amount of information contained in the word vector is increased, making up for the shortcomings caused by using bag-of-words model alone. Third, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method to improve the weight of key words, then output the final word expression. At last, the answer is produced using hybrid retrieval model and generate model. The retrieval model can accurately answer questions in the field. The generate model can supplement the question of answering the open domain, in which the answer to the final reply is completed by long-short term memory (LSTM) training and prediction. Experimental results show which the hybrid word vector expression model can improve the accuracy of the response and the whole system can communicate with humans.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 효율적인 정보검색을 위한 의미 기반의 질의 분석 및 확장을 제안한다. 기존의 정보검색 시스템들은 사용자 질의로 자연언어 질의를 허용하고 있지만 단순히 명사 단어의 색인어를 사용자 질의로부터 추출하여 정보검색에 활용하기 때문에 사용자의 질의 의도를 반영한 정보검색을 하지 못한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 의미 기반 질의 분석 및 확장은 사용자의 질의를 의미적으로 분석하여, 질의유형을 결정하고 의미 자질들을 추출한다. 추출된 의미 자질들과 정답을 표현하기 위해 사용되는 구문구조를 이용하여 사용자 질의를 확장한다. 또한 확장된 질의를 이용하여 정답을 포함하는 관련문서들을 정보검색 결과의 상위에 랭크시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 비교적 짧지만 사용자의 질의 의도를 충분히 표현하고 있는 자연언어 질의에 대한 의미 기반의 질의 분석 및 확장을 통해 정보검색의 정확률을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.342-357
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• 2014

The present study analyzes the relationship between research and development (R&D) inputs and performance of a national technology innovation R&D program using successive binary Logistic regression models based on a typical R&D logic model. In particular, this study focuses on to answer the following three main questions; (1) "To what extent, do the R&D inputs have an effect on the performance creation?"; (2) "Is an obvious relationship verified between the immediate predecessor and its successor performance?"; and (3) "Is there a difference in the performance creation between R&D government subsidy recipient types and between R&D collaboration types?" Methodologically, binary Logistic regression models are established successively considering the "Success-Failure" binary data characteristic regarding the performance creation. An empirical analysis is presented analyzing the sample n = 2,178 R&D projects completed. This study's major findings are as follows. First, the R&D inputs have a statistically significant relationship only with the short-term, technical output, "Patent Registration." Second, strong dependencies are identified between the immediate predecessor and its successor performance. Third, the success probability of the performance creation is statistically significantly different between the R&D types aforementioned. Specifically, compared with "Large Company", "Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SMS)" shows a greater success probability of "Sales" and "New Employment." Meanwhile, "R&D Collaboration" achieves a larger success probability of "Patent Registration" and "Sales."

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2012

이 연구는 중학교 1학년 과학과 총괄 지필평가 출제경향을 조사하기 지필평가 문항의 행동영역, 내용영역, 문항유형, 난이도에 대하여 조사 분석하였다. 10개의 중학교의 1차와 2차 지필평가 문항의 총 645개를 연구대상으로 하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지필평가 문항의 행동영역은 '지식, 이해' 수준으로 편중되어 있으며, 적용, 분석, 종합, 평가 영역의 문항은 거의 출제가 되고 있지 않았다. 둘째, 내용영역은 기존의 연구의 결과에 비해 과학적 탐구과정의 출제 빈도수가 많아졌지만, 여전히 과학지식을 묻는 문항이 과학적 탐구과정의 문항과 비교하여 두 배 이상의 비율로 출제되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 문항유형은 선다형 문항 중심으로 출제 되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 넷째, 정답률을 기준으로 문항의 난이도를 분석한 결과, 전체적인 빈도수에서 '상'에 해당하는 문항의 비율은 교사가 목표로 하는 난이도 비율보다 낮았으며, '중'의 비율은 교사가 생각하는 난이도 비율보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 과학학습에 대한 다양한 영역의 총체적인 평가를 위해서는 교사의 평가 및 문항 개발의 전문성 신장에 대한 노력이 이루어져야 할 것이다.