• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2017

This study confirmed the types of shopping information sources during travel abroad, and developed a profile of tourists in terms of demographics, travel, and shopping behavior. Shopping information sources and characteristics of shopping products were identified first. Thereafter, travelers were segmented by their information-seeking behavior. An online survey method was used to get data from Korean vacationers in their 20s-50s, while factor analysis, cluster analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test and ANOVA were applied to analyze data. The results were as follows. First, the shopping information sources of overseas tourists were composed of four factors including sources from travel agents/media, information from travel books and local sources, and word-of-mouth sources. Also, four factors in product types and four product attributes were identified. Second, tourists were clustered into two groups, active and passive shopping information seekers, based on shopping source behavior. Third, two groups differed in terms of demographics, showing an older age and higher income for active shopping source seekers. Active shopping information users tended to join package trips with family members, and they were more satisfied with the trip. With regard to shopping, active shopping source seekers spent more money for shopping and preferred all kinds of shopping goods with an emphasis on travel shopping. In conclusion, shopping information sources seemed to be a meaningful tool for segmenting tourists. Rich, older, family tourists would be an major target market for local retailers.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Purposes - In this research, we look over and investigate associations between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists in South Korea. The related seven variables are gender, age, occupations, country of residence, visit month, visit purpose and trip type. In addition, we can graph twenty-one shopping items in association with the demographics of foreign tourists by computing their dissimilarity or similarity on two dimension planes granting that the association exists between the underlying variables. Research design and methodology - This research is performed by Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2017 and investigated 13,200 foreign tourists from 20 countries. For analyzing the detailed relationships between shopping items and the demographics of foreign tourists, we take advantage of both independent test and correspondence analysis as key statistical techniques. Results - The findings show that shopping items which foreign tourists purchase are closely associated with the three different demographics variables such as country of residence, tour type and visit purpose by monitoring significant p-value of chi-squared statistic Conclusions - This study suggests Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism must explore ways toward tourism infrastructure such as global marketing, municipality strategy for attracting foreign tourists, development of diverse shopping items and services and so on.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.294-306
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• 2015

This study investigated how the travel motivation of Korean overseas tourists influenced shopping behavior. We first identified factors of the travel motivation and then categorized types and attributes of shopping products and shopping stores. We then examined the relationship between the travel motivation and shopping products and shopping channels. A questionnaire method was applied for this survey, while factor analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze data. The results are listed below. First, nature & leisure, rest, family, pleasure, hobby & fitness, and discovery were identified as 6 factors of travel motivation. Second, shopping products of overseas tourists were categorized into three types: fashion & luxury, daily goods, and memento. There were four attributes of products, namely, design, utility, economy, and prestige. Major types of shopping stores were souvenir shops, fashion channels and local markets; the shopping store attributes identified were location & salesperson, assortment & atmosphere, and display. Third, overseas tourists' motivation was shown to influence the selection of product types and attributes. Those who traveled for rest, family, pleasure, hobby & fitness orientation were inclined to purchase fashion & luxury goods, and daily goods; however, those who traveled for rest and hobby & fitness orientation also tended to buy memento. The effect of the travel motivation was shown to be different according to product attributes. Fourth, tourists' motivation was shown to affect store type selection and attributes. Those whose traveled for rest, family, pleasure, hobby & fitness preferred souvenir shops while those seeking nature & leisure and pleasure tended to visit fashion channels and local markets more often. Travelers seeking nature & leisure and discovery cared for all three store attributes while family oriented and pleasure seeking tourists considered shopping store location, salesperson and display attributes as important.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.555-559
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• 2015

Tourists travel demand can be divided into the watch the natural landscape, such as shopping, entertainment and other projects. Each travel demand with motivation for meet the requirements of appropriate tourism space environment in order to complete. In this paper, through questionnaire investigation and SD (Semantic Differential) method for the basic attributes of shopping tourists and spatial characteristics of commercial pedestrian street. And analyzes the basic attributes of shopping as the main demand of tourists characteristics and the spatial characteristics of the suitable shopping demand, to provide a scientific basis for the design of tourist shopping space.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of shopping satisfaction on travel satisfaction, travel specific quality of life and overall quality of life for Korean vacation tourists. Tourist evaluations on those four variables were confirmed first. The effect of shopping satisfaction on the other variables was then investigated. The effect of demographics was also identified. An on-line survey method was used to obtain data of 20's-50's tourists, while factor analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan test were applied to analyze data. The results were as follows. First, shopping satisfaction of the vacation travel showed a positive effect on tour satisfaction, which affected the quality of life after travel. Second, travel specific quality of life had a significant effect on overall quality of life and confirmed the bottom-up spillover effect. Third, the perception of shopping satisfaction, travel satisfaction, travel specific quality of life, and overall quality of life differed by demographic factors. Women and young tourists revealed high satisfaction scores in shopping and travel; in addition, wealthy travelers showed a higher quality of life. Occupation tended to partly affect satisfaction and quality of life. The findings implied that travel and tourists' shopping are an important element to enhance the quality of life.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate shopping behavior of Chinese, Japanese, and US tourists in Korea. For this purpose, travel activities and shopping items were identified first. And thereafter the shopping satisfaction, travel satisfaction, intention to word-of-mouth, and intention to re-visit were compared by country, gender and age. Finally, the effect of shopping satisfaction on travel evaluations as well as the effect of demographics on shopping satisfaction were examined. Secondary data were used for this survey, while ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and regression analysis were applied to analyze data. The results were listed below. First, main travel activities were shopping, followed by enjoying natural scenery and visiting historic sites. Apparel, cosmetics, leather goods, and shoes were major shopping products. Chinese and Japanese tourists preferred cosmetics and apparel most, while US travellers bought lots of apparel and shoes. Men and older tourists tended to buy food products more than women and younger people did. Second, degree of shopping satisfaction significantly differed by country and age. The US tourists showed highest satisfaction, followed by Japanese and Chinese ones. Younger people tended to be satisfied more than older people significantly. In terms of travel satisfaction and intention for word-of-mouth, the US tourists, women, and younger people revealed higher scores than the other counterparts. Intention to re-visit Korea were significantly different, based on country and gender, showing higher for the US people and women. Third, shopping satisfaction was found to affect travel satisfaction, intention for word-of- mouth, and intention to revisit Korea significantly. In turn, travel satisfaction was also shown significantly to affect on intention for word-of-mouth, and intention to re-visit Korea.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Purpose - In this work, we categorize the 21 shopping items which foreign tourists purchase in South Korea and monitor the level of dissimilarity (or similarity) between each item by utilizing distance matrix, and both hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses, respectively, based on several purpose of visit attributes in 2017. In addition, multidimensional scaling (MDS) method is applied for mining visual appearance of proximities among shopping items based on purpose of visit attributes. Research design and methodology - This study is carried out in 2017 by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and conduct a face-to-face survey of foreign tourists from 20 countries who purchase shopping items in South Korea. CLUSTER, PROXIMITIES and ALSCAL modules in IBM SPSS 23.0 are used to perform this work. Results - We ascertain that 21 shopping items can be classified into five similar groups which have homogeneous traits by going through two-step cluster analysis. We can position homogeneous places of cluster and shopping items joining each cluster. Conclusions - We can relatively assess patterns and characteristics of each shopping item, come by useful information in activating shopping tour based on the actual state of recognition of foreign tourists and practically apply to each tourism industry on underlying results.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.104-120
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• 2018

The contribution of foreign tourist consumption on national economies is becoming increasingly important for many countries. This study examines the relationship of home-host country psychic distance (HHCPD), tourism shopping motivation and attitudes towards local and global fashion brands in host countries. Survey data from a sample of 500 Chinese tourists were collected at an international airport in Korea. The results reveal that all three key factors of HHCPD (economic, geographic and cultural distance) positively affect social shopping motivation. Moreover, only economic distance has a positive effect on commodity shopping motivation, while both cultural and economic distance positively influence souvenir shopping motivation. All three factors of tourism shopping motivation positively affect local fashion brand attitudes, while only commodity shopping motivation positively affects consumer attitudes towards global fashion brands. Thus, fashion marketers should trigger the shopping motivation of foreign tourists by maximising the psychic distance from their home in order to satisfy fashion-seeking tourists.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

본 연구는 중국 중심의 관광산업의 문제점을 지적하고 다양한 나라의 외래관광객을 분석하여 그에 맞는 전략방향을 제안하고자 한다. 한국을 방문한 외래관광객을 대상으로 숙박, 쇼핑, 음식, 교통에 대한 지출과 만족도 및 재방문 의도 간의 영향 관계를 분석하고, 일본, 중국, 동남아, 미주, 및 유럽관광객들 간에 어떤 차이가 있는지를 탐색하였다. 연구는 2015년 외래관광객 실태조사 결과 데이터를 활용하여 AMOS를 이용한 구조방정식을 통하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 일본은 숙박비, 쇼핑비, 교통비가 개별만족도에 영향을 주었으며, 중국은 모든 비용이, 동남아는 쇼핑비와 식음료비가, 미주는 숙박비와 쇼핑비가, 그리고 유럽은 쇼핑비와 교통비가 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일본은 쇼핑만족도, 음식만족도, 교통만족도가, 중국과 동남아는 모든 만족도가 재방문의도에 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 미주와 유럽은 교통만족도를 제외한 모든 만족도가 재방문의도에 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 결과는 각국의 외래관광객들이 중요하게 생각하는 여행 목적과 요소들을 발굴해서 이에 맞는 여행상품 및 서비스를 설계하고 개발해야 하며, 국가차원에서 쇼핑분야와 교통분야에서 각국의 외래관광객의 요구사항을 반영하여 개선할 점들을 찾고, 실행해야 할 것을 제시하고 있다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2016

This study confirmed shopping behavior of Korean young overseas tourists and its effect on travel evaluation. I first identified core factors of travel activity preference, travel shopping propensity, and shopping products. The effect of shopping product satisfaction on tour satisfaction and post-tour intention was then investigated. Based on travel activities, tourists were grouped, and their characteristics were compared. An online survey method was performed to obtain data of 20's-30's Korean unmarried people, while factor analysis, regression analysis, chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and cluster analysis were applied to analyze data. The results were as follows. First, six travel activities (city life, art/shopping, cultural experience, entertainment, field experience, and friendship), three shopping propensity (novelty/uniqueness, utility, and prestige), and four product groups (fashion goods, household goods, crafts, and foods) were found by factor analyses. Second, travel activity tended to influence shopping propensity, which then influenced shopping products preference. All factors of travel activity seemed to affect the three travel shopping propensities. Third, shopping satisfaction was shown to affect tour satisfaction, and posttour behavior. Finally, four tourist groups (active, social, pleasure, and passive) differed in terms of preferred tour activities, shopping propensity, and tour behavior. Active tourists rated the highest scores and passive ones rated the lowest for most evaluations.