• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2004

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Tissue culture systems to optimize regeneration plant species of Ocimum spp were evaluated as a method to micropropagate individual plants and to better study their biology in vitro. Ocimum species were also evaluated for the production of natural plant products during and following the regeneration process. The primary goal of this project was to enhance the regeneration efficiency of basil. Several factors were examined using different Ocimum species and commercial varieties. The effect of cytokinin combination, activated charcoal, gelling agents, and different carbon sources were investigated. Anthocyanin callus spots were produced only in four varieties among six tested. 'Sweet Dani' showed the best results on anthocyanin accumulation, while 'African beauty', 'Tree basil' and 'Methylcinnamate' produced only a few spots. Shoot regeneration was only achieved from 'Sweet Dani' explants. As the activated charcoal concentration increased, callus formation rate decreased respectively compare to the controls for all varieties. There was a decrease in callus growth with increasing concentration of agar and phytagel.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit, which was introduced to Korea in late 1970s, is a warm-temperate fruit tree, whose leaves are easily damaged by wind because of their large size. To produce high quality fruits, efficient windbreak is necessary to protect leaves until harvest. In Korea, typhoons from July onwards usually influence the production of kiwifruit. Damages from typhoons include low fruit quality in the current year and low flowering ratio the following year. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early defoliation of kiwifruit vines from July to October on the regrowth of shoot axillary buds the current year and bud break and flowering the following year. METHODS AND RESULTS: Scions of kiwifruit cultivar 'Goldrush' were veneer grafted onto five-year-old Actinidia deliciosa rootstocks, planted in Wagner pots (13L) and grown in a rain shelter. Kiwifruit leaves in the proximity of leaf stalk were cut by lopping shears to simulate mechanical damage from typhoon since only leaf stalks were left when kiwifruit vines were damaged by typhoons. Kiwifruit vines were defoliated from July 15 to October 14 with one monthintervals and degrees of defoliation were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. All experiments were conducted in the rain shelter and replicated at least five times. Defoliation in July 15 resulted in a high regrowth ratio of 20-40% regardless of degree of defoliation but that in August 16 showed only 5.8% of regrowth ratio in the no defoliation treatment; however, more than 25% of defoliation in August 16 showed 17-23% of regrowth ratio. In September 15, regrowth ratio decreased further to less than 10% in all treatments and no regrowth was observed in October 14. Percent bud break of all defoliation treatments were not significant in comparison to 64.7% in no defoliation except for 42.1% and 42.9% in 100% defoliation in July 15 and August 16, respectively. Floral shoot in the no defoliation treatment was 70.2% and defoliation of 50% or less resulted in the same or increased floral shoot ratio in July 15, August 16, and September 15; however, defoliation in October 14 showed no difference in all treatments. In flower number per floral shoot, 2-3 flowers appeared in no defoliation and only 1 flower was observed when the vines were defoliated more than 50% in July 15 and September 15. In October 14, contrary to the floral shoot ratio, flower number decreased with increased defoliation. CONCLUSION(S): Therefore, it is suggested that dormancy of 'Goldrush' axillary buds, was started in August and completed in October. The effect of defoliation on bud break of axillary buds the following year was insignificant, except for 100% defoliation in July 15 and August 16. From July 15 to September 15, floral bud ratio was significantly reduced when more than 50% of leaves were defoliated compared to no defoliation. Also, the number of flowers per flower-bearing shoot the following year decreased by less than 50% when compared to no defoliation, and this decrease was more prominent in September 15 than July 15 and August 16.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

The leaf blade-segments of albino tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.4, 2.2, 4.4, 22.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) with or without NAA (0, 0.5, 2.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Multiple shoots were induced on the media containing 0.4 to 2.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP. The best condition for multiple shoot induction with root formation was MS media containing 4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ BAP and 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ NAA. The regenerated albino plants showed a significant reduction in accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The drastic reduction of the pigments content was associated with the distinct alterations in gene expression in the albino plants. firstly, the expression of plastid genes, such as rbcL, psbA, 165 rDNA and 235 rDNA, was reduced at the level of transcripts in the regenerated albino plants. Secondly, the alteration of structure of the plastid genes was not detected in the albino plants. However, the copy number of the plastid genes whose transcription level was reduced greatly was increased approximately two-fold, although the transcriptions of nuclear gene (255 rDNA) showed the wild-type level.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 1969

The Sin po fluorite deposit is of a fissure vein type which strikes $N75^{\circ}E$, dips $80^{\circ}SE$, and is embedded in the pre-Cambrian crystalline schist. The vein is 1 meter in average in thickness, about 800 meters in length and nearly 400 meters in depth. Narrow veins of crustified fluorites and agatic quartz are discontinuously embedded in the quartz gangue. Two-phase fluid inclusions, which are available for the homogenization method by using the Heating Stage Microscope 350, are found in the fluorite crystals. Most of the fluid inclusions are primary in origin and mainly composed of liquid phase associated with minor gas phase. They are tetrahedral, rounded-tubular, wedge shaped, rectangulartrapezoid, and irregular in shape. The maximum diameter of inclusions is 0.5mm and the minimum, 0.03mm, ranging from 0.2mm to 0.08mm in an average. The homogenization temperatures obtained from the test are $135-147^{\circ}C$, $125-138^{\circ}C$, $121-137^{\circ}C$, $116-133^{\circ}C$ and $106-128^{\circ}C$ in greenish, bluish, violet, light grayish blue, colorless and pinkish fluorites respectively. The range of formation temperatures of fluorites is $106-147^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the fluorite deposit of Sinpo Mine is considered to be of low temperature hydrothermal origin. The isothermal lines were drawn on the longitudinal section of the vein from the data of homogenization test. According to the results, the central and lower parts of the ore shoot in the west ore body show the higher temperatures of $130-138^{\circ}C$ and the peripheral and upper parts of it show the lower temperatures of $108-128^{\circ}C$. It seems that the isothermal trend roughly coinside with the pitch of the ore shoot.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

This study was carried out to know the factors affecting on shoot formation and rooting for stable and routine production of plantlets in bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Multiple shoots were formed effectively when explants were transplanted on the MS media with decreased concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ as 413mg/ l . Three hundred stem explants (0.8-1.0cm) was appeared as proper inoculation size in bioreactor culture. IBA (0.05mg/L) was more effective for rooting of the shoots in liquid as well as solid media. Six weeks long culture of explants in bioreactor gave better shoot shape for rooting on solid half-strength MS media.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.352-357
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out in order to develop some chip budding techniques related to the production of high quality maiden apple trees. Optimum chip budding time for apple trees appeared to be from mid-August to early September. Untying wrapping tapes after 6 8 weeks from budding led to higher graft success and better shoot growth than removing the tapes earlier or later than the 6-8 weeks. Dipping pre-cut bud chips into ordinary water of $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours did not hamper the graft-success nor the early season growth of the graft compared with non-treated control. Dipping the pre-cut bud-chips into the $35^{\circ}C$ water for 3 hours or for 5 hours hampered the union formation and shoot growth of the 'Fuji' apple trees.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2014

Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia <0.25 cm) were selected as micro-cuttings. The cuttings treated with IBA (500 ppm) showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other treatments. Results of above experiments indicate that cuttings (size 0.75-1.00 cm dia) may be developed in mist chamber for better performance. While using heavier cuttings, no growth promoting hormones is required however; growth regulator 200 ppm concentration of IBA rooting hormone was observed optimum for promoting macro-propagation in stem cuttings of lower diameter class (0.25-0.50 cm).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

Mature nodal segments of 2-year-old greenhouse stock plant were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with the different kinds and various concentrations of cytokinins to produce multiple shoots in in vitro condition. The most adventitious shoots were produced from excised ends of nodal segments. The highest average number $(24.6\;{\pm}\;4.6)$ of shoots was produced with the combination of BA 1.0mg/L and TDZ 0.1mg/L in MS medium. In addition, several shoots were formed from lenticels of bark cambium with the same treatment. These concentrations promoted high shooting capability upto $94.6\%$ and NAA was the best cytokinin among five different PGR sources.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop the efficient propagation method of fern Phyllitis scolopendrium using In vitro culture. The influence of the origin of the donor explant sources (rhizome, stipe, three parts of blade) and the homogenization of explants was investigated. Rhizome and stipe explants showed the organogenic capacity among the five explant sources and plant regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Optimum condition for vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was the half-strength MS medium with 1% sucrose concentration. Generally, addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to media enhanced shoot multiplication. The highest rate of shoot proliferation was observed on the media containing $5{\mu}M$ NAA. Also, combination of activated charcoal $(0.1{\sim}0.2%)$ and growth regulators to growth medium prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia, 'nodule'-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporopytes in P. scolopendrium.