• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.656-665
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• 2010

Shear modulus has been recognized as one of the important soil properties in dynamic analysis of ground and can be calculated from in situ measurement of shear wave velocity. Field seismic tests are the most accurate but expensive methods to investigate dynamic ground characteristics. Due to that reason, empirical equations for estimating the shear wave velocity are widely used rather than conducting in-situ tests. The most common equations are based on the N value obtained in conjuctions with a standard penetration test. In this paper, the field datas of standard penetration test and suspension PS logging measured in 126 sites of Korea were summarized and the correlation equations between N value and shear wave velocity are suggested.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2021

The present study investigated the ageing effect on compressibility, permeability and shear strength behavior of kaolin and bentonite samples in the presence of NaCl and CaCl₂ solutions. The compressibility, permeability and shear strength parameters were determined on the 60, 190, and 250 days cured samples. The results have shown that, the kaolin sample becomes more compressible in the presence Ca²⁺ ions with ageing. Generally, the normalized compression index values of bentonite samples increased at the end of 60 days and 250 days curing time periods. The normalized permeability value of kaolin decreased by ageing in the presence of Na⁺ ions almost twofold. The permeability values of bentonite increased both in NaCl and CaCl₂ solutions during ageing. In the presence of Na⁺ ions kaolin had higher max. shear stress value than Ca²⁺ ions. When the max. shear stress values of 0, 60 and 190 days samples were compared, it was seen that NaCl solution had no significant effect on the shear strength of kaolin sample. However, the shear strength of kaolin increased in the CaCl₂ solution during ageing. In the presence of Ca²⁺ ions the max. shear stress value of bentonite was higher. The results of this study have shown that ageing has significant effects on the compressibility, permeability and shear strength of kaolinitic and bentonitic clayey soils.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2000

상기 실험으로부터 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Hunter-value를 측정한 결과 hunter L-value 즉, 백색도에 있어서는 glycerin+carthamin+lecithin의 경우가 실온저장 및, 열악조건 그리고 광조사시에 있어서 모두 8 시간이 경과하면서부터는 급격하게 상승하는 모습을 보였다. 2. 실온하에서 hunter a-value 즉, 적색도에 있어서는 carthamin 첨가구가, b-value 즉, 황색도에 있어서는 paprika 첨가구가 더 강하게 나타났다. 열악조건에서는 실온저장의 경우와 다소 다른 양상을 보여주었는데, D.W+carthamin+lecithin의 경우에 있어서도 hunter L-value가 낮은 값을 나타냈으며, hunter avalue의 경우 soybean oil+paprika에서도 높은 값을 보여주었다. 3. 유변학적 특성에 대한 실험에서 비교적 고점도를 가지고 있는 glycerin을 base material로 하였을 때는 이에 비해 저점도라고 할 수 있는 soybean oil이나 증류수가 쓰여졌을 때보다 spindle의 rpm에 따른 viscosity나 shear rate, shear stress등의 값이 월등히 높은 값을 나타냈다. 그리고, 일반적으로 spindle의 rpm에 대한 shear rate 및 shear stress의 값은 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유화제의 사용여부에 있어서는 lecithin을 사용했을 경우, 사용하지 않았을 때보다 높은 점도를 나타냈고, 통일한 조건에서 carthamin보다는 paprika가 두 배 정도 더 높은 점도를 나타냈다. 4. soybean oil을 사용한 실험구에 있어서는 lecithin의 첨가유무가 점도에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, glycerin을 사용한 실험구에 있어서는 유화제인 lecithin을 병행했을 경우, 특이하게도 오히려 paprika에서보다 carthamin에서 더 높은 점도를 나타냈다. 5. Shear stress 의 경우 soybean oil 첨가구와 glycerin 첨가구가 현저한 차이를 보이며 증가한 반면, shear rate에 있어서는 두 가지 경우 모두 거의 같은 경향을 나타낸 점이 특이했다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2000

The present study has focused on the development of shear textures during groove pressing in an aluminum alloy sheet. The shear components 23 and 13 developed during the groove pressing process. The process consisting of two steps of grooving and flattening each effectively gave rise to a high shear deformation In the sheet without reduction in thickness. The main texture component obtained from the process was the rotated Bs-orientation. The evolution of shear components during the groove pressing caused an increase in R-value of aluminum sheet comparing to a normally processed rolled sheet.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2017

Shear walls have high stiffness and strength; however, they lack energy dissipation and repairability. In this study, an innovative slotted shear wall featuring vertical slots and steel energy dissipation connectors was developed. The ductility and energy dissipation of the shear wall were improved, while sufficient bearing capacity and structural stiffness were retained. Furthermore, the slotted shear wall does not support vertical forces, and thus it does not have to be arranged continuously along the height of the structure, leading to a much free arrangement of the shear wall. A frame-slotted shear wall structure that combines the conventional frame structure and the innovative shear wall was developed. To investigate the ductility and hysteretic behavior of the slotted shear wall, finite element models of two walls with different steel connectors were built, and pushover and quasi-static analyses were conducted. Numerical analysis results indicated that the deformability and energy dissipation were guaranteed only if the steel connectors yielded before plastic hinges in the wall limbs were formed. Finally, a modified D-value method was proposed to estimate the bearing capacity and stiffness of the slotted shear wall. In this method, the wall limbs are analogous to columns and the connectors are analogous to beams. Results obtained from the modified D-value method were compared with those obtained from the finite element analysis. It was found that the internal force and stiffness estimated with the modified D-value method agreed well with those obtained from the finite element analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 1998

An effective thermal conductivity measurement for suspensions of microparticles in oil mixture is conducted in order to evaluate the shear rate-dependence of the thermal conductivity of suspensions. Measurements are made for rotating Couette flows between two concentric cylinders. The rotating outer cylinder is immersed into a constant temperature water bath while the stationary inner cylinder is subject to a uniform heat fluff. Test fluids are made to be homogeneous suspensions, in which neutrally buoyant microparticles ($d=25{\sim}300{\mu}m$) are uniformly dispersed. The present measurements show strong shear-rate dependent thermal conductivities for the suspensions, which are higher than those at zero shear rate. The shear rate dependent thermal conductivity increases with the particle size and volume concentration.4 new model for shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of microparticle suspensions is proposed; the correlation covers from zero shear rate value to asymptotic plateau value at moderately high shear rates.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2019

Concrete-to-concrete bedding planes (CCBP) are observed from time to time due to the multistep hardening process of the concrete materials. In this paper, a series of direct/cyclic shear tests are performed on CCBP under static and dynamic normal load conditions to study the frictional behavior effect by the shear velocities, normal impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies, normal impact force amplitudes, horizontal shear displacement amplitudes and normal load levels. According to the experimental results, apparent friction coefficient k ($k=F_{Shear}/F_{Normal}$) shows different patterns under static and dynamic load conditions at the stable shear stage. k is nearly constant in direct shear tests under constant normal load conditions (DCNL), while it is cyclically changing with nearly constant peak value and valley value for the direct shear tests under dynamic normal load conditions (DDNL), where k increases with decreasing normal force and decreases with increasing normal force. Shear velocity has little influence on peak values of k for the DCNL tests, but increasing shear velocity leads to increasing valley values of k for DDNL tests. It is also found that, the valley values of k ascend with decreasing impact normal force amplitude in DDNL tests. The changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests under constant and dynamic normal load conditions (CCNL and CDNL tests) are similar, but the peak value of k is smaller in CDNL tests than that in CCNL tests. Normal load levels, shear displacement amplitudes, vertical impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies and normal impact force amplitudes have little influence on the changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests. The tests of this study provide useful data in understanding the frictional behavior of the CCBP under distinct loadings, and these findings are very important for analyzing the stability of the jointed geotechnical structures under complicated in situ stress conditions.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 Flat TDR을 이용하여 지반의 전단파속도를 측정하였고 측정값의 정밀도 분석 및 현장적용성에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. Flat TDR 내 결합되어 있는 Piezo-stack을 이용하여 현장에서의 전단파속도 측정값을 도출하였고, 도출한 값의 검증을 위해서 들밀도시험, 동적콘관입시험(DCPT), 문헌조사 등을 적용하여 비교·분석하였다. 실험결과 그라우트재 주입시 재령 초기 전단파속도 변화의 평균값은 10.15 m/s이며, 7~14일차 이후의 전단파속도 변화의 평균값은 65.99 m/s로 재령일 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 OMC를 기준으로 건조 측에서는 함수비가 증가할수록 건조밀도와 전단파속도가 증가하고, 습윤 측에서는 함수비가 증가할수록 건조밀도와 전단파속도가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 현장시험 결과 도출된 전단탄성계수 값이 최소 17.36 MPa에서 최대 28.13 MPa로 확인되어 참고문헌 값과 유사한 측정값을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 Flat TDR을 이용한 전단탄성계수의 측정값이 신뢰성이 있는 데이터임을 알 수 있고, 추후 현장 지반의 다짐관리를 효과적으로 할 수 있음을 판단할 수 있다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.83-85
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• 2003

This paper is investigated the shear strength by using the micro shear-punch test method for Sn-37Pb alloy, binary and ternary alloys of environment-friendly Pb-free solder alloys which would be surely applicable to the electronic packages. As a result, in case of Max. shear strength, Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu has the highest value and Sn-37Pb has the lowest value on every condition of experiment temperature. Also, In case of Pb-free solder joint specimens, it was found that Pb-free solder alloys have higher value of shear strength than eutectic Sn-Pb solder alloy and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu has the highest value.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate the resistance capacity of a traditional wooden house with shear walls made of wood panel. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the load - displacement test was carried out and the resistance moment values of the shear walls were proposed. The shear walls were made by placing studs with a nominal dimension of $38mm{\times}89mm$ at intervals of 600 mm, and attaching 12 mm thick plywood with 8-d size pegs at intervals of 150 mm. The type of traditional building wall was classified and showed the moment resistance ability of each wall type. This value is expressed as a proportional value divided by the moment resisting capacity of the standard size shear walls not divided into the divided small frames. Although some frames have proportional values larger than 1.0 even though they have openings, most of them show values smaller than 1.0. Also, even without the openings, it showed a smaller value than 1, such as 0.84 and 0.67.