• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

The resistance Spot Welding is widely used in the field of assembling the plates. However we don't still have any satisfactory solution, which is non-destructive quality evaluation in real-time or on-line, against it. Moreover, even though the rate of welding under the condition of expulsion has been high until now, quality control of welding against expulsion hasn't still been established. In this paper, it was proposed on the quality assurance technique of resistance spot welding pieces using Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm. Four parameters from electrode separation signal in the case of non-expulsion, and dynamic resistance patterns in the case of expulsion are selected as fuzzy input parameters. The parameters consist of Fuzzy Inference System are determined through Neuro-Learning algorithm. And then, fuzzy Inference System is constructed. It was confirmed that the fuzzy inference values of strength have within ${\pm}$4% error specimen in comparison with real strength for the total strength range, and the specimen percent having within ${\pm}$1% error was 88.8%. According to KS(Korean Industrial Standard), tensile-shear strength limit for electric coated of zinc is 400kgf/mm2. Judging to the quality of welding is good or bad, according to this criterion and the results of inference, the probability of misjudgement that good quality is valuated into poor one was 0.43%, on contrary it was 2.59%. Finally, the proposed Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System can infer the tensile-shear strength of resistance spot welding pieces with high performance for all cases-non-expulsion and expulsion. And On-Line Welding Quality Inspection System will be realized sooner or later.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 1997

In this study, bending test was performed on the real-scale, built-up beam test model fabricated by the $CO_2$ arc spot welding to evaluate the applicability of the welding method to the production of the stiffened plate in car-carrying ship. The built-up beam models which were fixed at both ends in longitudinal direction or simply supported to the rigid foundation, depending on the restraint condition of the corresponding car decks considered, were subjected to simulated design vehicle loads or concentrated point loads. During the test, the central deflection and the longitudinal bending stresses were measured from several points on the longitudinal flange face to predict the section properties of the built-up beams. The longitudinal bending stress on each spot weld were also measured to calculate the average horizontal shear force subjected to spot welds. Test results revealed that the shear strength of spot welds with their current weld nugget size and welding pitch was adequate enough to withstand the horizontal shear forces under the design vehicle loads. Although the built-up beam fabricated by the arc spot welding was a discontinuous beam, its mechanical behavior was well explained by the continuous beam theory using the effective breadth of plate. Based on test results, the criterion for the size of spot weld of which the average shear stress might meet the allowable stress requirement of AWS Code could be established.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.135-147
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• 1992

본 연구는 기존의 이론을 배경으로 전단키에 영향을 미치는 전달전달의 요소가 포함된 기본식을 산정하여, 접합부의 유형에 따라 구체적으로 전단강도를 예측하는 방법을 제안하였다. 접합부 콘크리트와 횡보강철근의 강도 및 장부호과를 고려한 프리캐스트 콘크리트 전단키 접합부의 기본극한강도식은 수정 Mohor-Coulomb의 파괴기준과 항복선의 도입에 의하여 전개하였고, 극한전단능력의 근사해는 상하계법에 의한 극치해석의 수법을 이용하여 구하고 여기에 재료의 유효강도계수를 도입하였다. 또한, 지존의 실험결과와 비교하여 그 적용성을 고찰하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 1988

A series of torsion shear tests were performed according to various stress-paths on hollow cylinder specimens of $K_0$-consolidated clay to investigate the influence of rotation of the principal stresses on the stress-strain and strength characteristics. The effects of stress-paths and reorientation of principal stress were mainly observed in the prefailure stress-strain behavior. The experimentally obtained failure surface from torsion shear tests could practically be modeled by an isotropic failure criterion. Coupling effects between stresses and strains were investigated when both torsion shear and vertical stresses were applied. The work-space in torsion shear tests was illustrated and the relation between stresses and strain increments was also investigated in the work-space.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

The factor of safety (FOS) is commonly used as an index to quantitatively state the degree of safety of various rock structures. Therefore it is important to understand the definition and characteristics of the adopted FOS because the calculated FOS may be different according to the definition of FOS even if it is estimated under the same stress condition. In this study, four local factors of safety based on maximum shear stress, maximum shear strength, stress invariants, and maximum principal stress were defined using the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown failure criteria. Then, the variation characteristics of each FOS along five stress paths were investigated. It is shown that the local FOS based on the shear strength, which is widely used in the stability analysis of rock structures, results in a higher FOS value than those based on the maximum principal stress and the stress invariants. This result implies that the local FOS based on the maximum shear stress or the stress invariants is more necessary than the local FOS based on the shear strength when the conservative rock mechanics design is required. In addition, it is shown that the maximum principal stresses at failure may reveal a large difference depending on the stress path.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

The results from normally consolidated isotropic drained and undrained triaxial compression tests (NCIU and NCID) on sand with high silt content were presented in this paper. The experiments were performed on specimens of Nak-dong River sand with 63% silt content under effective confined pressures, 100 kPa to 400 kPa. From test results, Sandy silt became initially compressive but eventually appeared to provide dilatancy response throughout the entire stress-strain curve The behavior of sandy silt was more difficult to characterize than that of clay and sand due to lower plastic characteristic. Especially, the samples exhibited dilatancy development during shear after failure. The shear behavior and shear strength parameters of sandy silt can be determined as stress-strain behaviors are described by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The shear behaviors were observed increasing dilatancy volume change tendency with strain-softening tendency after failure. In this paper, the behavior of dilatancy depends on not only sand content but also fine content with low-cohesion during shear in the samples of sandy silt.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.399-415
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• 2017

A series of direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the frictional properties of the interface between structures and the filling soil of Chongqing airport fourth stage expansion project. Two types of structures are investigated, one is low carbon steel and the other is the bedrock sampled from the site. The influence of soil water content, surface roughness and material types of structure were analyzed. The tests show that the interface friction and shear displacement curve has no softening stage and the curve shape is close to the Clough-Duncan hyperbola, while the soil is mainly shear contraction during testing. The interface frictional resistance and normal stress curve meets the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the derived friction angle and frictional resistance of interface increase as surface roughness increases but is always lower than the internal friction angle and shear strength of soil respectively. When surface roughness is much larger than soil grain size, soil-structure interface is nearly shear surface in soil. In addition to the geometry of structural surface, the material types of structure also affects the performance of soil-structure interface. The wet interface frictional resistance will become lower than the natural one under specific conditions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.32-37
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• 1999

Since stainless steel plates have good mechanical properties, weldability, appearance and resistance of corrosion, these are traditionally used for vehicles such as the bus and the train. And they are mainly fabricated by spot welding. But fatigue strength of their spot welded joint is considerably influenced by welding conditions as well as geometrical factors. Thus a reasonable and systematic criterion for long life design of spot welded body structure must be established. In this report, strain energy density was analyzed by using 3-dimensional finite element model about the IB-type spot welded lap joint under tension-shear load. Fatigue tests were conducted on them having various thickness, joint angle, lapped length and width. From their results, it was found that fatigue strength of the IB-type spot welded lap joints could be effectively and systematically rearranged by strain energy density at the edge of nugget.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2023

The three-dimensional Hashin criterion and user subroutine VUMAT were used to simulate the damage in the composite layer, and the secondary stress criterion was used to simulate the interlayer failure of the cohesive element of the bonding layer and the propagation characteristics under the layer. The results showed that when the shear stress wave (shear wave) propagates on the surface of the laminate, the stress wave attenuation along the fiber strength direction is small, and thus producing a large stress profile. When the compressive stress wave (longitudinal wave) is transmitted between the layers, it is reflected immediately instead of being transmitted immediately. This phenomenon occurs only when the energy has accumulated to a certain degree between the layers. The transmission of longitudinal waves is related to the thickness and the layer orientation. Along the symmetry across the thickness direction, the greater is the stress amplitude along the layer direction. Based on the detailed investigation on the impact on various laminated composites carried out in this paper, the propagation characteristics of stress waves, the damage and the destruction of laminates can be explained from the perspective of stress waves and a reasonable layering sequence of the composite can be designed against damage and failure from low velocity impact.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.947-954
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• 2014

In general, Fracture of the material is not occurring of the maximum normal stress or the maximum shear stress failure in the state. Maximum normal stress and maximum shear stress in the state of Critical coupling from being destroyed based on the Mohr-Coulomb theory. Couple of different mixtures, including permeable asphalt pavement, SMA and dense-graded asphalt mixture, were used for compression triaxial test at $45^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. Mohr-Coulomb theory to the analysis of compression triaxial test result of the internal friction angle $38.9^{\circ}{\sim}46.9^{\circ}$ measured somewhat irregularly, but in the case of cohesion, depending on whether the temperature and immersion of the specimen appeared differently. In addition, Indirect tensile test and compression triaxial test of the asphalt mixture to determine the correlation between compression triaxial test results assessed as cohesion and internal friction angle calculated using the theoretical Indirect tensile strength and measured indirectly tensile strength were analyzed. The Measured & Predicted IDT St values tended to be proportional.