• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2020

In this research, a simple four-variable trigonometric integral shear deformation model is proposed for the static behavior of advanced functionally graded (AFG) ceramic-metal plates supported by a two-parameter elastic foundation and subjected to a nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical load. The elastic properties, including both the thermal expansion and moisture coefficients of the plate, are also supposed to be varied within thickness direction by following a power law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the components of the material. The interest of the current theory is seen in its kinematics that use only four independent unknowns, while first-order plate theory and other higher-order plate theories require at least five unknowns. The "in-plane displacement field" of the proposed theory utilizes cosine functions in terms of thickness coordinates to calculate out-of-plane shear deformations. The vertical displacement includes flexural and shear components. The elastic foundation is introduced in mathematical modeling as a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation. The virtual displacement principle is applied to obtain the basic equations and a Navier solution technique is used to determine an analytical solution. The numerical results predicted by the proposed formulation are compared with results already published in the literature to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed theory. The influences of "moisture concentration", temperature, stiffness of foundation, shear deformation, geometric ratios and volume fraction variation on the mechanical behavior of AFG plates are examined and discussed in detail.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2010

In recent years, study of the static response of pavements to moving vehicle and aircraft loads has received significant attention because of its relevance to the design of pavements and airport runways. The static response of beams resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to moving loads was studied by several researchers in the past. However, most of these studies were limited to steady-state analytical solutions for infinitely long beams resting on Winkler-type elastic foundations. Although the modelling of subgrade as a continuum is more accurate, such an approach can hardly be incorporated in analysis due to its complexity. In contrast, the two-parameter foundation model provides a better way for simulating the underlying soil medium and is conceptually more appealing than the one-parameter (Winkler) foundation model. The finite element method is one of the most suitable mathematical tools for analysing rigid pavements under moving loads. This paper presents an improved solution algorithm based on the finite element method for the static analysis of rigid pavements under moving vehicular or aircraft loads. The concrete pavement is discretized by finite and infinite beam elements, with the latter for modelling the infinity boundary conditions. The underlying soil medium is modelled by the Pasternak model allowing the shear interaction to exist between the spring elements. This can be accomplished by connecting the spring elements to a layer of incompressible vertical elements that can deform in transverse shear only. The deformations and forces maintaining equilibrium in the shear layer are considered by assuming the shear layer to be isotropic. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of the position of moving loads on the response of pavement.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

임의의 층에서 평면적에 큰 차이를 보이는 3차원 비정형 setback 구조물의 지진 거동 특성과 지진 거동 특성에 미치는 바닥 슬래브의 면내 변형 효과를 연구하였다. 비정형 setback 구조물의 전반적인 지진 거동 특성을 분석하기 위하여 베이스 부분의 평면적과 타워 부분의 평면적의 비(R/sub s/)와 단(setback) 발생 위치(L/sub s/)등을 매개 변수로 사용하였다. 48개의 비정형 setback 구조물들에 대한 해석 결과로부터 정형 구조물과 달리 setback 구조물의 경우에 단(setback) 발생 위치 근방에서 매우 급격한 층 전단력의 변화가 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형이 구조물의 지진 거동에 미치는 영향은 횡방향 저항 요소의 배치에 따라 크게 좌우되며 횡방향 저항 요소들간의 강성의 차이가 심하게 나타나는 전단벽-프레임 시스템의 경우에 더욱 두드러지게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형은 구조물이 받게 되는 밑면 전단력을 감소시키며 특히 L/sub s/=0.1인 프레임-전단벽 시스템에서 두드러진다. 또한 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형은 전단벽이 설치된 프레임에 대해서는 층 전단력의 감소 효과를 가져오고 전단벽이 설치되지 않은 프레임에 대해서는 층 전단력의 증가 현상을 가져온다. 또한 횡방향 강성의 차이로 발생한 베이스 부분과 타워 부분에서의 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형으로 인하여 모든 층의 층 변위가 크게 증가됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

쏘일 네일링은 원지반의 전단강도와 네일의 인발 전단 저항력을 이용한 지반 보강 공법이다. 쏘일 네일링 공법은 주로 절취사면, 흙막이 구조물 및 옹벽 보강 등에 사용된다. 흙막이 구조물과 옹벽의 경우 네일의 인발저항만을 고려하여 설계하여도 무방하나, 비탈면의 경우 인발은 물론 전단 및 휨 저항까지 고려하여 설계하여야 한다. 하지만 인발저항만 고려한 보수적인 설계가 이루어지고 있으며, 대부분이 네일의 재료, 형상, 시공방법 등의 개선을 통한 인발저항 증대에 관한 연구이다. 실제 쏘일네일로 보강된 지반은 활동면을 중심으로 전단 휨 변형이 발생하게 된다. 상대적으로 강도가 취약한 그라우트는 파괴되고 보강재와 분리되어 지반은 마찰저항력이 급감하면서 붕괴된다. 따라서 네일과 그라우트체의 분리를 억제하면서 전단저항력을 증가시킬 수 있는 공법개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이형철근 외측에 패커를 설치한 후 가압식 그라우팅을 통해 돌기를 형성함으로써 전단저항력을 증대시킬 수 있는 새로운 쏘일 네일링 공법에 대하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2020

Within the French CIFRE research project COMINO, an innovative type of composite beam was developed for buildings that need fire resistance with no additional supports in construction stage. The developed solution is composed of a steel U-shaped beam acting as a formwork in construction stage for a reinforced concrete part that provides the fire resistance. In the exploitation stage, the steel and the reinforced concrete are acting together as a composite beam. This paper presents the investigation made on the load bearing capacity of this new developed steel-concrete composite section. A full-scale test has been carried out at the Laboratory of Structural Engineering of the University of Luxembourg. The paper presents the configuration of the specimen, the fabrication process and the obtained test results. The beam behaved compositely and exhibited high ductility and bending resistance. The shear connection in the tension zone was effective. The beam failed by a separation between the slab and the beam at high deformations, excessive shear forces conducted to a failure of the stirrups in this zone. The test results are then compared with good agreement to analytical methods of design based on EN 1994 and design guidelines are given.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical expression for computing crack angles based on reinforcement volumes in the longitudinal and transverse directions, member end-fixity and length-to-width aspect ratio. For this a reinforced concrete beam-column element is assumed to possess a series of potential crack planes represented by a number of differential truss elements. Depending on the boundary condition, a constant angle truss or a variable angle truss is employed to model the cracked structural concrete member. The truss models are then analyzed using the virtual work method of analysis to relate forces and deformations. Rigorous and simplified solution schemes are presented. An equation to estimate the theoretical crack angle is derived by considering the energy minimization on the virtual work done over both the shear and flexural components the energy minimization on the virtual work done over both the shear and flexural components of truss models. The crack angle in this study is defined as the steepest one among fan-shaped angles measured from the longitudinal axis of the member to the diagonal crack. The theoretical crack angle predictions are validated against experimentally observed crack angle reported by previous researchers in the literature. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials is induced by changes of the microstructure when the loading is beyond the critical state of stress. Constitutive models for the crystal plasticity have the common objective which relates microscopic single crystals in the crystallographic texture to the macroscopic continuum point. In this paper, a new consistent tangent stiffness for the anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic analysis of polycrystalline deformation is developed, which can be used in the finite element analysis for the slip-dominated large deformation of polycrystalline materials. In order to calculate the consistent tangent stiffness, the state function is defined based on the consistency condition between the elastic and plastic stress. The rate of shearing increment($\Delta{\gamma}^{\alpha}$) is calculated with satisfying the consistency condition. The consistency condition becomes zero when the trial resolved shear stress($\tau^{{\alpha}^*}$) becomes resolved shear stress($\tau^{\alpha}$) at every step. Iterative method is utilized to calculate the rate of shearing increment based on the implicit backward Euler method. The consistent tangent stiffness can be formulated by differentiating the rate of shearing increment with total strain increment after the instant rate of shearing increment converges. The proposed tangent stiffness is applied to the ABAQUS/Standard by implementing in the ABAQUS/UMAT.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.185-186
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• 2009

휨항복 이후 주기하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 부재(보와 전단벽)에서는 길이방향의 인장변형이 누적 된다. 이러한 길이방향 인장변형은 철근 콘크리트 부재의 강도 및 변형능력을 저하시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 트러스 모델해석을 통하여 철근콘크리트 부재에 발생되는 길이방향 인장변형의 메커니즘을 분석하였다 그 결과, 길이방향 인장변형은 소성힌지의 길이방향 철근에 발생되는 잔류인장 소성변형으로 인하여 발생되고, 대각 콘크리트 스트럿의 전단력 전달 메커니즘이 길이방향 인장변형의 크기에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 주기거동 동안 철근콘크리트 부재에 누적되는 길이방향 인장변형을 평가할 수 있는 간단한 평가식을 제안하고, 다양한 재하이력을 갖는 보 실험결과와 비교되었다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.175-194
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• 2016

Based on the change of traditional viscoelastic damper structure, a brand-new damper is designed to control simultaneously the translational vibration and the rotational vibration for platforms. Experimental study has been carried out on the mechanical properties of viscoelastic material and on its multi-dimensional seismic response control effect of viscoelastic damper. Three types of viscoelastic dampers with different shapes of viscoelastic material are designed to test the influence of excited frequency, strain amplitude and ambient temperature on the mechanical property parameters such as circular dissipation per unit, equivalent stiffness, loss factor and storage shear modulus. Then, shaking table tests are done on a group of single-storey platform systems containing one symmetric platform and three asymmetric platforms with different eccentric forms. Experimental results show that the simulation precision of the restoring force model is rather good for the shear deformation of viscoelastic damper and is also satisfied for the torsion deformation and combined deformations of viscoelastic damper. The shaking table tests have verified that the new-type viscoelastic damper is capable of mitigating the multi-dimensional seismic response of offshore platform.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.440-446
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• 2010

본 논문은 적층고무받침을 이용하여 지진으로부터 교량의 손상피해를 줄이기 위한 연구이다. 적층고무 받침은 지진 발생시 변위를 증가시키고, 주기를 길게하여 하중을 전환시킨다. 적층고무받침과 같은 면진장치에 몇 가지 지진파를 가진하여 진동대 실험을 하였다. 이 실험에서는 가속도계와 하중계, 변위계를 설치하여 상판의 가속도 및 전단력 등을 측정하였다. 더구나 적층고무받침을 설치한 경우와 지진격리장치를 설치하지 않은 경우로 구분하여 진동대 실험하여 그 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 실험결과 상판의 가속도 및 전단력은 적층고무받침을 사용할 경우 응답이 감소하였다.