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Effects of Sintongchukeatang on the Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (신통축어탕(身痛逐瘀湯)이 난소적출(卵巢摘出) 백서(白鼠)의 골다공증(骨多孔症)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Jae-Woong;Sim, Ho-Cherl;Kim, Song-Baeg;Yoo, Sim-Keun
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.81-96
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : this study is to examine what are the effects of the Sintongchukeatang(SCT) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods : 12weeks Female Sprague-Dawley 30 rats of weighting 250-300g, were divided into three groups including the sham operation groups(10heads) and overiectomy groups(10heads). then we observed changes in the body weight serum metabolic products and femoral trabecular bone. Results : 1. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in SCT-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. 2. The level of serum GOT in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in SCT-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GPT did not significant change among the three groups. 3. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly decreased in comparison with sham, but that in SCT-treated showed no change in comparison with control. 4. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. Those in SCT-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. 5. Trabecular separation only in SCT-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. 6. Osteoclast number and oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. Those in SCT-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Conclusion : SCT has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

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The Effects of Acupuncture on Crohn's Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Joon Hyun Bae;Seo Young Kang;Si Eun You;Hye In Jeong;Soobin Jang;Kyeong Han Kim
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.211-226
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that belongs to inflammatory bowel disease. This systematic review aims to assess the level of evidence in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of acupuncture for Crohn's disease. Methods: We searched 12 databases from the date of the establishment of each database up to May, 2023 for relevant RCTs. The risk of bias of each study was assessed independently by three reviewers. The level of evidence of meta-analysis was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Results: A total of 12 studies were included. The effective rate (odds ratio [OR] 3.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43, 7.30) for mild to moderate Crohn's disease patients showed a significant difference between the acupuncture with moxibustion group and the sham-acupuncture with sham-moxibustion group. CDAI change (mean difference [MD] -74.15, 95% CI -93.28, -55.01) for mild to moderate Crohn's disease showed a significant difference between the acupuncture with moxibustion group and the sham-acupuncture with sham-moxibustion group. Conclusion: Although acupuncture with moxibustion showed significant effects compared to sham-acupuncture with sham-moxibustion, the effect of acupuncture alone is inconclusive. Moreover, only the effect of acupuncture treatment on mild to moderate Crohn's disease patients was derived as a remarkable result. To confirm the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for Crohn's disease, studies using only acupuncture for intervention or more RCTs targeting various Crohn's disease patients according to the CDAI are required.

Effect of Green Tea Products on Bone Metabolism Marker in Ovariectomized Rats with High Cholesterol Diet Intake (고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 난소절제 흰쥐에서 녹차가공품이 골 대사 지표에 미치는 효과)

  • Noh, Kyung-Hee;Jang, Ji-Hyun;Cho, Mi-Kyung;Song, Young-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.12
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    • pp.1560-1567
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    • 2008
  • This study was designed to evaluate the effect of green tea products (GTP) on bone metabolism marker in ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed high cholesterol diet. Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats, 10 weeks of age ($279{\pm}2g$), were divided into 4 groups and fed on the experimental diets for 6 weeks: sham operated control (Sham-C) and OVX-control (OVX-C) groups treated high cholesterol diet. OVX-GTP 5% (OVX-G5) and OVX-GTP 20% (OVX-G20) groups were treated with high cholesterol diet containing 5% GTP and 20% GTP, respectively. Food efficient ratio was significantly (p<0.05) lower in OVX-G20 than in the other OVX groups. Bone mineral density of femur was not significantly different among the experimental groups in the order of Sham-C>OVX-G5 and OVX-G20>OVX-C. Alkaline phosphatase activities on serum was lower in the GTP supplement groups than in the OVX-C. Estradiol levels of serum were higher in the GTP supplement groups than in the OVX-C. Osteocalcin levels of serum was the lowest in the OVX-G20. Deoxypyridinoline crosslink values of urine, indicator of bone absorption, was the lowest in the OVX-G20 group. The GTP supplemented groups had a lower bone resorption ratio than in the OVX-C group. From the above results, these findings suggest the possibility of using GTP as a functional food materials related to bone metabolism in menopause.

Effects of Guisinhwan on the Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (귀신환이 난소적출 백서의 골다공증에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Tae Hee;Kang Young Keum;Ahn Kyu Hwan;Kim Song Baeg;Cho Han Baek;Yoo Sim Keun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.1476-1484
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    • 2004
  • Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH : 歸腎丸) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous, calcium, GOT, GPT, T3 did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly decreased in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease In comparison with sham. Those in GSH-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. According to the above these results, GSH has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

Effects of green tea or $Sasa$ $quelpaertensis$ bamboo leaves on plasma and liver lipids, erythrocyte Na efflux, and platelet aggregation in ovariectomized rats

  • Ryou, Sung-Hee;Kang, Min-Sook;Kim, Kyu-Il;Kang, Young-Hee;Kang, Jung-Sook
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $Sasa$ $quelpaertensis$ bamboo and green tea on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, and erythrocyte membrane Na channels in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty female rats were OVX, and ten female rats were sham-operated at the age of 6 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups at the age of 10 weeks and fed the experiment diets: sham-control, OVX-control, OVX-bamboo leaves (10%), or OVX-green tea leaves (10%) for four weeks. Final body weight increased significantly in the OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control, whereas body weight in the OVX-green tea group decreased significantly compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.01). High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level decreased in all OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control rats ($P$ < 0.05) but without a difference in plasma total cholesterol. Plasma triglycerides in the OVX-green tea group were significantly lower than those in the sham-control or OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.05). Liver triglycerides increased significantly in the OVX-control compared with those in the sham-control ($P$ < 0.01) but decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with those in the OVX-control or OVX-bamboo group ($P$ < 0.01). Platelet aggregation in both maximum and initial slope tended to be lower in all OVX rats compared with that in the sham-control rats but was not significantly different. Na-K ATPase tended to increase and Na-K cotransport tended to decrease following ovariectomy. Na-K ATPase decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with that in the OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.01), and Na-K cotransport increased significantly in the OVX-bamboo and OVX-green tea groups compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.05). Femoral bone mineral density tended to be lower in OVX rats than that in the sham-control, whereas the green tea and bamboo leaves groups recovered bone density to some extent. The results show that ovariectomy caused an increase in body weight and liver triglycerides, and that green tea was effective for lowering body weight and triglycerides in OVX rats. Ovariectomy induced an increase in Na efflux via Na-K ATPase and a decrease in Na efflux via Na-K cotransport. Furthermore, consumption of green tea and bamboo leaves affected Na efflux channels, controlling electrolyte and body water balance.

The Effect of Sea Tangle Extract on Serum Lipid Level in Ovariectomized Rats (다시마 추출물이 난소를 절제한 흰 쥐의 혈 중 지질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Young-Ae;Kim, Mi-Hyang
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (ST) extracts on serum lipid concentration in ovariectomized rats. Weight-matched female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were assigned to four groups. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fourth group was sham operated. Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ST at 50 mg/kg body wt (OVX-ST50) and ovariectomized rats supplemented with ST at 200 mg/kg body wt (OVX-ST200). The activities of serum GOT and GPT were increased by ovariectomized. The serum GOT levels in OVX-ST50 and OVX-ST200 groups were decreased than OVX-control group. But GPT level was only decreased in the serum of OVX-ST200 group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride contents decreased in sham group compared with OVX-control group by ovariectomy. Six weeks feeding of ST extract resulted in a significant lowering of serum triglyceride and lowering tendency of total cholesterol Level. The serum HDL-cholesterol was higher in ST groups than OVX-control group. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of ST extract may be used to possibly improve on the lipid metabolic syndrome of menopausal women.

The inhibitory effect of swimming exercise on inflammation in adipose tissue of obese mice after ovariectomy (수영 운동이 난소절제 후 비만 쥐의 지방조직에서 염증에 미치는 억제 효과)

  • Jeong, Sun-Hyo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.1125-1137
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    • 2020
  • This study investigated whether swimming exercise suppresses(: inhibites) the inflammatory response in adipose tissue in obese mice induced by a high fat diet after ovariectomy in female mice. Experimental group and control group were divided into sham-opereated group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), and ovariectomized group with swimming exercise (OVX/Ex). All female mice fed high fat diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks. Compared with the Sham, the OVX increased the weight of visceral adipose tissue including parametrial, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue. Compared to the OVX, the OVX/Ex demonstrated reductions the weight of visceral adipose tissue. Compared to the Sham, the OVX decreased the mRNA expression of IκBα and increased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (L-6, MCP-1, TNF-α and leptin) in adipose tissue. But the OVX/Ex appeared to increase the mRNA expression of IκBα and decrease the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, compared with the OVX. This findings suggested that swimming exercise is useful for preventing adipose tissue inflammation, which will be effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity in obese mice induced obesity by a high fat diet after ovariectomy.

Bile Duct Obstruction Stimulates Lipid Peroxidation and Liver Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) in Rat (랫드에서 담도폐쇄에 의한 지질과산화와 간섬유화(경화) 촉진에 관한 연구)

  • 김기영;서의석;임진아
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2001
  • The oxidative stress causes the cell damage and death and thereby, stimulates membrane lipid peroxidation. In this study, the correlation between the lipid peroxidation product and the parameter of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was investigated in cholestasis induced rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (sham: sham operation, BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II : bile duct ligation/scission) and were observed for 2 or 4 weeks. After observation period, the organs were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. Sera and liver tissue were used for the measurement of malondealdehyde (MDA), parameter of clinical biochemistry, total collagen content and the staining. The ratio of organ weight/body weight in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II was significantly increased compared to sham operated group. Serological parameters (Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and Total bilirubin) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group were significantly higher than those in sham operated group. Concentration of MDA in BDL/S-I (261%) and BDL/S-II(790%) was significantly increased compared to MDA in sham operated group. And the content of hydroxyproline (hyp) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group was significantly increased 2~4 times than in sham operated group. The good correlations between hyp in liver tissue and MDA in sera of sham operated group and all operated group were found (r=0.825). The significantly higher value of MDA, hyp and serological parameters in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group suggests the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chronic liver damage. Especially the activation of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of liver fibrosis was stronger in BDL/S-II group than in BDL/S-I group. The stronger fibrosis, portal-portal septum formation, the more massive bile duct proliferation in portal triads and stroma, and hepatocytes swelling were observed in liver tissue of and BDL/S-II group compared to BDL/S-I group. Conclusively, a good correlation between MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and hyp as a liver fibrotic parameter could be connected with the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, cholestasis condition may cause jaundice, activation of lipid peroxidation, and collagen accumulation in liver. Additionally, optimal observation period of bile duct obstruction for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in rats would be four weeks.

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The Effects of Panax Ginseng Extract on Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Ovariectomized Rats (인삼 추출물이 난소를 절제한 백서의 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • 하배진;황일영
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.349-356
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    • 2002
  • In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, nonovariertoized (sham) group, ovariectomized (Ovx) group, ovariectomized ginseng total saponin (GTS)-treated (Ovx+ GTS) group and ovariectomized ginseng water extract (GW)-treated (Ovx+CW) group were made. We measured AST (L-aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (L-alanin aminotransferase) in sera, and MDA (malondialdehyde:lipid peroxidation), SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, total-glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver tissue total homogenates of rat. AST activity of serum in Ovx group was 2.11 times increased, but ALT activity was not changed compared to Sham group. In AST activity, they tend to decrease significantly in each substance such as GTS and GW administered group. Lipidperoxides of each fraction in Ovx group were highly increased compared to Sham group. Extracts of ginseng-treated group markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 62% ∼72%. And as the result of the measurements of SOD, catalase, total-glutathione and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, antioxidant enzymes in Ovx group much lower than in Sham group. But they were significantly increased in each substance such as GTS and GW, administered group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals decreased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that extracts of ginseng can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.

POSSIBLE ROLES OF SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLANDS ON OVARIAN STEROIDS RESPONSIVENESS OF MOUSE MAMMARY GLANDS

  • Yuh, I.S.;Jang, B.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.695-699
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    • 1996
  • This experiment was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy on the ability of the mammary gland development to response to ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, stimulus in vivo. Body weights did not differ between sham-operated and sialoadenectomized mice within 0 to 18 day estradiol + progesterone (E + P) injection (p > 0.05). Sialoadenectomy reduced mammary development scores from 4.6 to 3.9 or from 4.4 to 3.8 in comparison with those of sham-operated mice for the 12 or 18 day E + P injection ($P{\leq}0.05$), however, sialoadenectomized mice with 0, 1, 3 or 6 day of E + P injection slightly decreased mammary development scores relative to those of sham-operated mice. These results indicate that the endocrine factor secreted from submandibular salivary gland appears to be required for the mammary development to respond fully to estradiol and progesterone. Similar results were obtained in the measurement of mammary DNA contents. Mammary DNA contents of sialoadenectomized mice were significantly decreased relative to those of sham-operated mice for the 6, 12 or 18 day E + P injections. Overall results suggest that salivary gland-secreted endocrine factor, presumably epidermal growth factor (EGF), was mammogenic and should interact with ovarian steroids in mammary development.