• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 지반에서 1차적인 면진작용을 할 수 있는 지반형 지진격리장치의 내진성능을 평가하였다. 테프론과 제강슬래그를 이용하여 지반형 지진격리장치를 조성한 후 그 위에 모형 상부구조물을 설치하고 1-G 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 다양한 수준의 입력지진파에 대해 응답가속도와 응답스펙트럼을 분석하였으며, 지진격리장치가 없는 고정기초 구조물과 결과를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 제강슬래그형 지진격리장치가 가장 가속도 저감효과가 좋았으며, 테프론형 지진격리장치는, 중 약진 조건에서는 가속도 저감효과가 크게 없고 강진조건에서는 가속도 저감효과가 좋았다. 입력파가 상부질량(Mass)으로 전달되면서, 고정기초 구조물의 응답스펙트럼은 입력지진파에 비해 단주기영역에서 증폭하고, 테프론과 제강슬래그를 이용한 지진격리장치가 있는 구조물의 응답스펙트럼은 입력지진파에 비해 장주기 영역에서 증폭하였다. 이러한 주기특성 변화와 재료간의 마찰특성이 가속도 저감효과에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

지진 시 액상화에 의한 지반흐름은 말뚝파괴에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 실제로 충분히 큰 정적 안전율을 갖도록 설계된 말뚝이 지진 시 좌굴에 의해 파괴되는 사례가 빈번히 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 1-g 진동대 실험을 통해 액상화 지반에 근입된 말뚝의 좌굴에 의한 파괴거동을 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 좌굴하중에 근접한 연직하중을 받고 있는 말뚝은 지반의 액상화 발생 시 좌굴에 의해 쉽게 파괴될 수 있으며 액상화에 의한 지반흐름이 발생할 경우, 말뚝의 횡방향 변형이 증가하면서 좌굴파괴하중이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 파괴된 말뚝을 꺼내어 관찰한 결과, 액상화가 발생한 후라도 지반에 구속압이 존재하여 Euler 좌굴현상과 다르게 말뚝 하부가 아닌 중간위치에서 말뚝파괴가 발생하였으며 지반경사가 급해질수록 지반흐름에 의한 파괴 위치가 점점 말뚝하부로 낮아짐을 볼 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.455-475
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• 2023

The present study investigates the non-linear soil-pile interaction using three-dimensional (3D) non-linear finite element models. The numerical models were validated by using the results of extensive pile load and shaking table tests. The pile performance in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil has been studied by analyzing the liquefaction ratio, pile lateral displacement (LD), pile bending moment (BM), and frictional resistance (FR) results. The pile models have been developed for the different ground conditions. The study reveals that the results obtained during the pile load test and shaking cycles have good agreement with the predicted pile and soil response. The soil density, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slenderness ratio (L/D), and soil condition (i.e., dry and saturated) are considered during modeling. Four ground motions are used for the non-linear time history analyses. Consequently, design charts are proposed depended on the analysis results to be used for design practice. Eleven models have been used to validate the capability of these charts to capture the soil-pile response under different seismic intensities. The results of the present study demonstrate that L/D ratio slightly affects the lateral displacement when compared with other parameters. Also, it has been observed that the increasing in PGA and decreasing L/D decreases the excess pore water pressure ratio; i.e., increasing PGA from 0.1 g to 0.82 g of loose sand model, decrease the liquefaction ratio by about 50%, and increasing L/D from 15 to 75 of the similar models (under Kobe earthquake), increase this ratio by about 30%. This study reveals that the lateral displacement increases nonlinearly under both dry and saturated conditions as the PGA increases. Similarly, it is observed that the BM increases under both dry and saturated states as the L/D ratio increases. Regarding the acceleration histories, the pile BM was reduced by reducing the acceleration intensity. Hence, the pile BM decreased to about 31% when the applied ground motion switched from Kobe (PGA=0.82 g) to Ali Algharbi (PGA=0.10 g). This study reveals that the soil conditions affect the relationship pattern between the FR and the PGA. Also, this research could be helpful in understanding the threat of earthquakes in different ground characteristics.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.345-355
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• 2008

This paper presents a design of a tuned liquid mass damper(TLMD) for controlling bi-directional response of high-rise building structure subjected to windload. The proposed damper behaves as a tuned mass damper(TMD) of which mass is regarded as the mass of a tuned liquid column damper(TLCD) and the case wall of the TLCD itself in one direction and the TLCD in the other direction. Because the proposed device has coupled design parameter along two orthogonal directions, it is very important to select designing components by optimal fine tuning. In the designing TLMD, for easy maintenance, the rubber-bearing with small springs was applied in TMD direction. In this study, the Songdo New City Tower 1A in Korea, which has been designed and constructed two TLCDs in order to control bi-directional response, was chosen as the model building structure. The results of rotation test proved the effectiveness of bi-directional behavior of TLMD.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1999

지진가속도에 의한 부재의 지진거동 특성은 실험적인 방법 또는 등가의 정적실험으로부터 추정되어 온 것이 대부분이다 본 연구에서는 지진가속도에 의한 철근콘크리트 전단벽체의 지진응답 및 파괴거동 특성을 유한요소법을 사용한 해석적인 기법에 의해서 예측하였다 콘크리트 부재에서 균열은 필연적으로 발생하게 되며 이로 인한 부재의 강도 및 강성의 감소 철근의 항복 및 하중의 반복성으로 인한 균열의 개폐등이 수반된다 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 콘크리트와 철근의 비선형 특성을 고려한 이축응력상태에 대한 재료모델과 동적해석 알고리즘을 범용 수치해석기법인 유한요소법을 사용하여 해석프로그램으로 구현하였다 지진가속도를 받는 전단벽을 대상으로 지진응답 및 파괴거동등을 본 연구의 해석적인 방법으로 예측하였으며 그 결과를 신뢰성 있는 연구자의 실험결과와 비교하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2018

This study examines earthquake-induced sloshing effects on liquid storage tanks using computation fluid dynamics. To achieve this goal, this study selects an existing square steel tank tested by Seismic Simulation Test Center at Pusan National University as a case study. The model validation was firstly performed through the comparison of shaking table test data and simulated results for the water tank subjected to a harmonic excitation. For a realistic estimation of the wall pressure response of the water tank, three recorded earthquakes with similar peak ground acceleration are applied:1940 El Centro earthquake, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and 2017 Pohang earthquake. Wall pressures monitored during the dynamic analyses are examined and compared for different earthquake motions and monitoring points, using power spectrum density. Finally, the maximum dynamic pressure for three earthquakes is compared with the design pressure calculated from a seismic design code. Results indicated that the maximum pressure from the El Centro earthquake exceeds the design pressure although its peak ground acceleration is less than 0.4 g, which is the design acceleration. On the other hand, the maximum pressure due to two Korean earthquakes does not reach the design pressure. Thus, engineers should not consider only the peak ground acceleration when determining the design pressure of water tanks.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.501-524
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• 2011

Recent studies have discovered that a conventional passive isolation system may suffer from an excessive isolator displacement when subjected to a near-fault earthquake that usually has a long-period velocity pulse waveform. Semi-active isolation using variable friction dampers (VFD), which requires a suitable control law, may provide a solution to this problem. To control the VFD in a semi-active isolation system more efficiently, this paper investigates experimentally the possible use of a control law whose control logic is similar to that of the anti-lock braking systems (ABS) widely used in the automobile industry. This ABS-type controller has the advantages of being simple and easily implemented, because it only requires the measurement of the isolation-layer velocity and does not require system modeling for gain design. Most importantly, it does not interfere with the isolation period, which usually decides the isolation efficiency. In order to verify its feasibility and effectiveness, the ABS-type controller was implemented on a variable-friction isolation system whose slip force is regulated by an embedded piezoelectric actuator, and a seismic simulation test was conducted for this isolation system. The experimental results demonstrate that, as compared to a passive isolation system with various levels of added damping, the semi-active isolation system using the ABS-type controller has the better overall performance when both the far-field and the near-fault earthquakes with different PGA levels are considered.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 1:5 축소 10층 내력벽식 철근콘크리트(RC) 내력벽식 공동주택의 지진모의실험의 결과를 제시한다. 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 본 실험 모델에서 재현주기 50년 지진에 대해서는 선형 탄성응답을 보이며, 우리나라의 설계지진에 대해서는 비선형 거동을 확인할 수 있다. (2) 재현주기 2400년의 최대지진에 대해 실험체의 강성 및 강도 저하가 현저하게 나타났다. (3) 횡 관성력에 대한 주 저항은 주로 엘리베이터 홀과 계단실 벽체로부터 유래되었다. (4) 실험체의 손상 및 파괴 모드는 벽과 슬래브의 휨 거동에 의해 지배되었다. 가진의 크기가 증가 할수록 현저한 강성의 저하와 고유주기의 증가가 발생하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to apply kinesiology taping and dynamic taping to subjects with ankle instability and to find out the change of static balance and dynamic balance ability and to use it more usefully in daily life. Methods : The subjects were based on 30 Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool questionnaire scores of 24 or less, and were randomly assigned to the kinesiology taping group (n=15) and the dynamic taping group (n=15) to change the static balance and dynamic balance before and after taping Measured. The eyes were closed for 30 seconds and the average balance was measured three times through the Wii balance board in static balance, and the balance ability was evaluated by measuring functional reach test and star excursion balance test in dynamic balance. Results : As a result, the static balance showed significant results in the dynamic speed and the moving distance in the dynamic taping group (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in the shaking area and the difference in the kinesiology taping group (p<.05) However, both groups showed significant differences in dynamic balance (p<.05). Conclusion : It was confirmed that the application of taping was effective for static and dynamic balance in subjects with ankle instability, and the application of dynamic taping was more effective than kinesiology taping.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.619-637
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• 2015

A field based non-destructive hardness method is being developed to determine plastic strain in steel elements subjected to seismic loading. The focus of this study is on the active links of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series, especially the very intense February 22 shaking, which was the first earthquake worldwide to push complete EBF systems into their inelastic state, generating a moderate to high level of plastic strain in EBF active links for a range of buildings from 3 to 23 storeys in height. Plastic deformation was confined to the active links. This raised two important questions: what was the extent of plastic deformation and what effect does that have on post-earthquake steel properties? A non-destructive hardness test method is being used to determine a relationship between hardness and plastic strain in active link beams. Active links from the earthquake affected, 23-storey Pacific Tower building in Christchurch are being analysed in the field and laboratory. Test results to date show clear evidence that this method is able to give a good relationship between plastic strain and demand. This paper presents significant findings from this project to investigate the relationship between hardness and plastic strain that warrant publication prior to the completion of the project. Principal of these is the discovery that hot rolled steel beams carry manufacturing induced plastic strains, in regions of the webs, of up to 5%.