• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2006

Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) are conserved in all eukaryotes and are crucial components sensing and relaying external cues into the cells to elicit appropriate physiological and biochemical responses. Basic units of the heterotrimeric G protein signaling system include a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a G protein composed of ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;and\;{\gamma}$ subunits, and variety of effectors. Sequential sensitization and activation of these G protein elements translates external signals into gene expression changes, resulting in appropriate cellular behaviors. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGSs) constitute a crucial element of appropriate control of the intensity and duration of G protein signaling. For the past decade, G protein signaling and its regulation have been intensively studied in a number of model and/or pathogenic fungi and outcomes of the studies provided better understanding on the upstream regulation of vegetative growth, mating, development, virulence/pathogenicity establishment, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in fungi. This review focuses on the characteristics of the basic upstream G protein components and RGS proteins, and their roles controlling various aspects of biological processes in the model filamentous ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In particular, their functions in controlling hyphal proliferation, asexual spore formation, sexual fruiting, and the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin production are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.759-775
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this research is to study university students' romantic experiences for this research, 1000 students participated by cyber lectures "marrige & families" and "sex & love". The results of this study are as follows: (1)Their first romantic experiences started in middle school(18.5%), high school(32.7%), or university(39.4%). Their first romantic experiences disappeared after one year. University students' first romantic experiences were universal and were made into a proximity principle. (2) University students' one-sided romantic experiences were 78%, but they loved someone senior to them or friends. They fell in love by attraction to character or appearance. University students' one-sided loving processes were made into friendship and the higher eye-level liking. (3) University students dated every day. They experienced the following sexual behaviors: kissing(90.2%), embracing(94.7%), or intercourse(34.7%.) Their dating life was made into a proximity principle. (4)University students experienced an emotional change from break-ups: solitude, longing, or regret, but their coping strategies were immersion in study or leisure, or meeting friends. They(70%) got over it and dated some body else.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.830-843
• /
• 2006

Clinical evidence suggests that Nelumbinis Semen extracts have antidepressive properties and may offer an interesting alternative for the treatment of mood disorders. It was the aim of the present study to compare the effects of Nelumbinis Semen extracts with those of fluoxetine and hypericum perforatum extract in the rat forced swimming test (FST) and chronic mild stress (CMS), a model of depression. In the FST, p.o. administration of Nelumbinis Semen extracts (1 mg) induced a statistically significant reduction of immobility. The active behaviors in that test did not reflect decreased general activity because Nelumbinis Semen extracts failed to alter the locomotor activity of rats, measured in the open field test. Moreover Nelumbinis Semen extracts was superior to fluoxetine and hypericum perforatum extract in the incidence of sexual side-effects. These effects of Nelumbinis Semen extracts on the rat behavior is to be ascribed to increased Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide Vla-liver, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 , Adenylosuccinate synthetase, and Aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat hippocampus.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.207-218
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To compare reproductive health promoting behaviors (RHPBs) of infertile women with those of normal women and identify effects of RHPB on infertility. Methods: A total of 148 females (73 infertile women and 75 normal women) were enrolled in this study. Measurements included their general characteristics and RHPB using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, ANCOVA, and hierarchical logistic regression using SPSS. Results: There were significant difference in incomes, number of family, number of term deliveries, and number of abortions according to infertility diagnosis. Mean duration of infertility was 32.16 months. Only 12.32% women had known cause of infertility. The most common cause of infertility was unknown. Mean RHPB score was 3.98 for infertile women and 4.41 for normal women. In logistic regression, total RHPB (odds ratio [OR], 0.21) and safe sex of RHPB (OR, 0.66) were significant factors influencing infertility. Infertile women's total RHPB and subcategories of RHPB (safe sex behavior and sexual transmitted disease [STD] prevention) were lower than those of normal women. Conclusion: For infertility women, RHPB-related intervention programs are needed, especially information about safe sex behavior and STD prevention.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2022

Background: Despite a growing number of investigations exploring the health problems in precarious workers, there is still a paucity of studies investigating workplace violence in workers with multi-party employment arrangements (WMPEAs). This study was aimed at comparing the prevalence of workplace violence between non-WMPEA and WMPEA. Methods: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey data were used. The study subjects were employees aged 20-74, with 26,239 non-WMPEA and 1,556 WMPEA. WMPEA included temporary agency workers and workers providing outsourced services. Workplace violence including verbal abuse, unwanted sexual attention, threats, and humiliating behaviors were used as outcome variables. The odds ratios of risk of workplace violence were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of workplace violence was significantly higher among WMPEA. After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of workplace violence among WMPEA was still significant (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.5-2.2) compared with non-WMPEA. The odds ratio of workplace violence among female WMPEA was 1.99 (95% CI 1.53-2.59), which is higher than that of male WMPEA (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18-1.96). Conclusion: We found that WMPEA were exposed to higher risk of workplace violence. Discrimination against WMPEA in the working environment and management policy need to be corrected. It is also necessary to identify the risk factors of workplace violence in WMPEA and to make efforts to prevent violence.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2002

5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT; serotonin) system has been implicated in the modulation of male sexual behaviors and the secretion of reproductive hormones. In human males, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are known to improve the major male sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation, through the central nervous system-mediated pathways. As numerous hormone and local factors, 5-HT may have peripheral role in the regulation of male sexual function. The expression of 5-HT receptor subtypes in the target tissue, however, has not been explored yet. The present study was undertaken to test whether the 5-HT receptor subtypes are expressed in the reproductive tissues of male rat, especially in ejaculatory machinery such as seminal vesicle and vas deferens. To do this, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis were employed. The transcripts for the 1A, 1B and 2C subtypes of 5-HT receptor were amplified in all the tested tissues. The present study demonstrated the expression of 5-HT receptor in the rat ejaculatory machinery, suggesting that 5-HT may play a pivotal role in the male sexual function via not only central pathway but also peripheral route. Further study on the receptor subtype-specific effect and their harmonized mode of action will be needed to establish the understanding of ejaculation mechanism and drug design.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.334-339
• /
• 2016

Child abuse often interferes with the normal and healthy development of a child, bringing about various complications and problematic behaviors. Furthermore, such physical, mental abuse or neglect, and sexual abuse on a developing child may have serious effects even until after adolescence. The types of injuries caused by physical abuse vary, but some types of injuries are common. A great number of them can be detected during a routine dental examination because many of these injuries are present in the facial and dental region. Accordingly, in the case of abused children, it is important to find the signs of abuse through regular dental checkups, as many suffer injuries to the face, head and neck area including the oral and perioral area. As a pediatric dentist, it is the legal and social obligation to contribute to preventing and assisting the struggle against child abuse. The authors contemplate ways for all pediatric dental related personnel to find some clinical signs and symptoms of child abuse to help early detection, and to manage the situation properly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.334-345
• /
• 2001

Purpose : This study purposes to examine the knowledge level and compliance of health behavior in patients with myocardial infarction to develope a cardiac rehabilitation program. Method: The subjects consisted of 72 patients with myocardial infarction, hospitalized at three university-affiliated hospitals. The data were collected by interviewing their subjects using a questionnaire and reviewing the medical records from September 15, 1999 to July 31, 2000. Data were analyzed using the SAS program for Windows version 6.12. Results: 1 The average knowledge score of the patients was 19.7 and the average compliance score was 53.9. 2. Knowledge scores were highest in the items of avoiding overeating and taking medicine at prescribed dosage, and lowest in the item of when to avoid sexual activity. 3. Knowledge level were highest on domains of exercise & daily activities, and risk factors and followed by diet. medication. and nature of disease. 4. Those who had higher education, or were living with a spouse were significantly higher in knowledge score. 5. Compliance score was highest in the item of smoking cessation and lowest in the item of measuring heart rate regularly. 6. Compliance score was highest on domain of smoking cessation and followed by diet, exercise, others, and managing mental stress. 7. Female patients had significantly higher compliance scores of health behavior on domain of diet than male patients. 8. The knowledge score was positively correlated to compliance of health behaviors. Conclusion: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that intensive nursing care and education should be provided to the patients who have lower education or are living without a spouse. Also, nursing intervention should be developed to increase compliance of managing mental stress and doing regular exorcise.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2004

The primary purpose of this study was to describe psychological aspects of menopausal women who have experiences on alternative therapies, such as pomegranate tree fluid, life pack, evening primerose, zacro syrup, zacro pill, multi-vitamin, oriental medicine instead of estrogen. In order to have insights on the participants behaviors, this qualitative research was conducted. The participants in this study were six women who have been taking at least one of the alternative therapies to relieve the menopausal symptom. Data had been collected from November 2002 to May 2003. The interview questions were about motivations to seek the alternative therapy, menopausal symptoms, feelings or positive effects after the treatment. The interviews were recorded and transcribed into written documents. The method described by Giorgi was utilized for data analysis. The study results were as follows : 1. The participants sought the alternative therapy based on their own information or by friends' recommendations. The motivations of taking the therapy were to live younger and healthier by reliving menopausal symptoms including somatic symptoms, such as irregular menstruation, flushing sense, cold sweating, insomnia, dull headache, vagina dryness, cystitis after sexual intercourse, joint pain, nervousness, depression, skin dryness, and suppression of activity. 2. The participants expressed that they became more active and felt better with disappearing menopausal symptoms after about 2 to 3 weeks treatment. 3. The participants did not want to accept the fact that they had menopause, which caused avoidance of having medical diagnosis and medical treatment. They also did not want to let their spouses know about their symptoms. 4. The major reason of taking the alternative therapy was to avoid the side effects of estrogen therapy in spite of high costs of the alternative way. 5. The participants suggested that menopausal women needed to be educated about physical and psychological symptoms of menopause. They also needed to be informed about how to manage it. In conclusion, accurate information about foods and drugs utilized for the alternative therapy was needed. Medically proved methods to recognize positive effects and side effects were also necessary. These goals could be achieved by continuous medical observations and further research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.112-125
• /
• 2019

ASMR are becoming a new consumption trend with wide prevalence of personal web-casting and video-sharing platforms. In this context, this research looked at what factors determine usage of ASMR contents. In greater details, demographic variables, sub-types of contents, usage motivations, neuroticism and subjective norm were considered as possible determinants in this study. And their influences on ASMR usage were empirically tested. The moderating effect of neuroticism was also examined. The findings showed that educational level as one of demographic variables, two sub-types of scratching and eating sound, three motivational factors including attention, relieving for sleep disorder and pleasure stress relief have positive influences on ASMR usage while motivations of curiosity trend and sexual pleasure have negative influences. The moderating effect of neuroticism was also empirically proven. This study has implications since it suggests that personal traits including neuroticism as influencing factors should be taken into account in understanding usage behaviors of ASMR contents with accuracy.