• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to survey 'voice preference' of children from among three voice pitches, which are high-pitch, mid-pitch and low pitch, and understand acoustic characteristics of the best voice chosen. To record distinctive pitches, Dr. Speech(ver. 4.0 Tiger Electronics) was used and we analyzed their choices. Also, we measured subglottal air pressure in aerodynamic analyze and phonatory aerodynamic system(Model 6600, KAY) was used. As a result children preferred to the low-pitch yet there was not any difference by sex. We fined them to prefer higher HNR voice to lower jitter and shimmer voice rate.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.273-274
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.597-606
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• 2014

The preference of general adult on the forest and forest road was surveyed and analyzed for the development of forest therapy program. This study was conducted for the purpose of providing a basis for the development of more targeted-and differentiated-forest therapy program by analyzing the preference of general adult on the forest and forest road from 19 April 2014 to 30 June 2014 through on-line survey. The sample group of 613 adults has been used in practical analysis. Using SPSS 21.0, We looked at the preference differences of the forest and forest road according to the demographic characteristics(sex, age, education level, occupation and monthly income) through descriptive statistics analysis, frequency analysis, cross tabulation analysis, multiple response analysis. The seasonal preference was spring, autumn, any season, summer, winter in order and there was a significant difference according to one's sex, age, occupation and monthly income. There was a significant difference in the configuration of forest according to one's monthly income. The favorite type of forest as a place of forest healing program was natural recreational forest, healing forest, urban forest, park, school forest in order. There was no significant difference in the favorite forest type regarding to the distance to the healing place from one's residence in all cases. There was a significant difference in the type of forest according to one's monthly income. The most favorite configuration of forest road was gentle sloped road. Once walking into the forest for the purpose of healing, the favorite forest road length was 1.5~3 km, less then 1.5 km, more than 3 km in order and there was a significant difference in preference according to one's sex, age, education level and monthly income. We believe that the healing program should be differentiated from the general form of it according to one's sex, age, education level, occupation and monthly income as a result of this investigation of preference of general adult on the forest and forest road for the development of forest therapy program. In particular, we believe that the differentiated program should be offered according to one's age. We expect this analysis to be used as a basis for the development of forest therapy program.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the actual condition of dining-out and the preferences of restaurant and food according to age groups and sex distinction in Pusan area. The survey was conducted on 564 peoples who live or work, including students aged more than 4th grade in elementary school in Pusan area. The results of the questionnaires are as follows ; The reasons of prefferring restaurant were in order of "delicious taste", "comfortable atmosphere" and "economical price", and of no prefferring restaurant were in order on "untasty", "unsanitary" and "unkind employees". Female and student group were more in the items of unexperinced food than male and older group. The menu of preferring were in order of "sliced raw fish", "pizza", "bulgogi", and of no preferring were in order of "dog soup", "gopchang jengol", "ox tail soup" male and older group showed a relatively highest preference for "traditional food", however, female and younger(student group and young group) showed a relatively highest preference for "fast foods". The reasons of prefferring food were in order of "delicious taste", "something like" and "abundance of nutrition", and of no prefferring food were in order of "untasty", "hatred food" and "doesn't suit constitution". Male and older group showed a relatively highest preference for "abundance of nutrition", however, female and younger showed a relatively highest preference for "foreign food". But, the results of the preferences of restaurant and food were different according to sex distinction and age groups.ot;, however, female and younger showed a relatively highest preference for "foreign food". But, the results of the preferences of restaurant and food were different according to sex distinction and age groups.ge groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 1994

In this paper, we surveyed the actual utilization condition of chain stores of franchise systems and the customers' consciousness on chain shops and non-chain restaurants. The survey was conducted on 459 people either living or working in Pusan area and aged more than 4th grade in elementary school without sex distinction. The data analyses were made by way of frequency, percentage, Spearman rank correlation and Chi-square using dBastat 1.0 package of PC. The results of the survey are as follows. The survey indicates that respondents have the most experience of visiting chicken, hamburger, and pizza chain shops. Although the survey on the degree of preference between chain shops and non-chain restaurants indicates that men prefer non-chain restaurants and women prefer chain shops, the results are not so significant to conclude that there is a preference regardless of sex (N. S.): By ages, students and young group prefer chain shops and the aged group prefer non-chain restaurants (p< 0.05). The survey indicates that chain shops are proffered because of sanitary, quality, taste of foods and are not proffered because of simple menu and expensiveness. The survey indicates that non-chain restaurants are preferred because of distinctive taste of each restaurant and comfotableness, and are not proffered because of unsanitary and unkindness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.210-219
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• 2005

This research was designed to investigate the effect of hand and sendibility image on the preference to textiles for shirts. 85 subjects majored in fashion design were surveyed and 10 kinds of fabrics used as specimen at each season. Factor analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation, regression were used for statistical analysis by SPSS WIN 11.0. The result of this study were af follows : 1. In Spring ${\cdot}$Fall season, 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility factor of textiles for shirts. 2. 6 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility image in Summer. 3. 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility image in Winter season. 4. There were significant differences according to sex between hand factor and sensibility image at each season. 5. There were significant correlations between hand and sensibility image in Spring${\cdot}$Fall and Summer. 6. Hand and sensibility image were related to the preferene to texitiles for shirts in Spring and Winter.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to determine the employment and career preferences for orthopedic manual physical therapy for college students majoring in physical therapy. Methods: The subjects were 267 college students majoring in physical therapy, and a survey was conducted both online and offline. The collected data were statistically processed to analyze employment and career according to the general characteristics. Results: Interest, temporal satisfaction of education, and the need for special lectures on orthopedic manual physical therapy were significantly different by sex. There were significant differences in sex, grade, and age with regard to whether they go to graduate school related to orthopedic manual physical therapy and whether to study more about orthopedic manual physical therapy. Conclusions: The educational curriculum must be reinforced for students through systematic curriculum reorganization reflecting their preference for orthopedic manual physical therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2002

When we research a landscape or make a Landscape Impact Assessment, we use the image of a specific season like summer or fall. Since there are four distinct seasons, each with a different landscape, researchers need to understand viewers′visual preferences for individual seasonal landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate viewers′visual preferences according to seasonal change and the respondent′s age, gender and profession. In this research, the independent variable is season: suing, summer, fall, winter and snowy winter. Three landscape types used in the experiment: forest, street and agriculture. Each landscape type has two sites for reliability. The assessment media for this research are pictures featuring landscapes taken in each of the four seasons. The study used the "paired comparison" method for taking the score of visual preference. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The summer landscape has the highest visual preference score. However, spring and fall landscapes should also be considered for visual landscape evaluation. 2. The visual preference of winter landscape covered with snow is very high, but since snow is temporal and irregular, it is difficult to consider this factor for visual landscape evaluation. 3. The visual preference score of winter is the lowest of four seasons. The attractive factors of spring are flowers, summer is greenery and fall is autumnal tints. But these are not present in winter. 4. The result of visual preferences according to age groups, gender and profession have no serious differences. 5. Visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by age group was not different from general preference and thus was concluded to have no connection with age. 6. As a result from the research of visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by sex, women were shown to like snow-scene more than men. This study presents an indication of general preferences of seasonal landscapes. It is expected that more advanced study will proceed after this one.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.845-859
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional differences in food preference among college students participating in a nutrition education program via internet. The subjects were 1672 college students (male: 762, female: 910) and divided into 4 regional groups. A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire on taste and food preferences. Data was collected via internet or by mail. Prevalence of the food preferences among regional groups was examined using SPSS statistical package. Food preferences were significantly associated with sex and region. Female students in Chungcheong and Kyungsang areas showed significantly higher preference of the hot taste compared to Seoul and Kyunggi areas. Female students in Seoul, Kyunggi and Chungcheong areas showed significantly higher preference of the boiled bean rice compared to the Kyungsang area. The preference for Kimchi stew of female students in Seoul and Kyunggi was significantly higher than those in Chungcheong and Kyngsang areas. Male students in the Chungcheong area showed significantly higher Preferences of the Young radish kimchi, while female students in this area showed significantly higher preference of the Radish kimchi compared to other areas. The preference for roasted laver of female students in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kyungsang areas was significantly higher compared to the Chungcheong area. The preference for fried chicken of male students in Seoul was significantly higher than that in other areas. The preference for bean sprouts and season bonnet bellflower of male students in Seoul, Chungcheong and Kyungsang areas were significantly higher compared to the Kyunggi area. Therefore, these results Provide nation-wide information on food Preferences among Korean college students. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $845\∼859$ 2005)

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to measure the suprathreshold taste intensity for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl in Korean young people using a whole-mouth, sip-and-spit procedure, employing the method of magnitude matching. The results were analysed in terms of sex, taste preference, and smoker or nonsmoker. One hundred twenty three subjects (61 male and 62 female, mean age of 25.2$\pm$2.1 years) were included for the study. Subjects were instructed to give nonmodulus magnitude estimates to the intensities of five concentrations each of sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl; distilled water; 6 loudness levels of a 1,000-Hz tone, using the same 9-point intensity scale. Each of the 21 taste stimuli and 6 auditory stimuli are presented in random order twice. The auditory function is used to assess the absolute intensity function of the subject's taste system. The results were as follows; 1. The perceived taste intensity for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl increased progressively as the concentrations of taste solutions were increased. Most of the subjects are standing within the zone of mean value $\pm$1standard deviation in their total perceived intensity score, and nobody is outside the limit of mean value - 2standard deviation. 2. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl between males and females. 3. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl according to the difference in taste preference. 4. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl between smokers and non-smokers in males.