• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.235-244
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• 2006

There is much confusion in the field of Rhinitis regarding how to best measure disease severity objectively, Therefore, we aimed to establish a new adequate scoring system for Rhinitis, that should be based on comparison analysis of various scoring systems. We report as follows. We researched for data relating to severity scoring systems for rhinitis in Entrez PubMed from 1995 to 2005 and in Kiss Kstudy. Results and Conclusions: Properties of severity scoring systems were validity, sensitivity of change and ease of use. The essential items of severity scoring systems were subjective symptoms. The criterion of severity were divided into subjective symptoms and complication and Quality of Life. Intensity items are nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching, Postnasal drip, nasal mucosa swelling, nasal mucosa color, complication. Subjective symptoms is difficulty of Life. The significant items of severity scoring system are nasal symptoms. The whole score does with the maximum 30 scores. As it were, we assumed nasal symptoms accounted for around 80% of each total score, with complication and difficulty of Life representing 20%.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 1998

Objectives：This study investigated the severity and frequency of depression in mothers with autistic children and the correlation between K-BDI score of mothers with autism and severity of autistic symptoms of their children. Methods：The subjects for this study consisted of 45 autistic children and their mothers. The severity of autistic symptoms of children were evaluated by K-CARS and severity of depressive symptoms of mothers with autistic children evaluated by the K-BDI. Results：1) Total K-BDI scores of mothers with autistic children were $17.3{\pm}10.9$ and this score was belonged to subclinical depression on the K-BDI STEN score. There were significant differences of total KBDI score between in mothers with autistic children and in those of normal control. The 26.7% of 45 mothers with autistic children were depression. 2) There was no correlation between total K-BDI score and each factor of mothers with autistic children and K-CARS score of the their children. Conclusion：There were many depression in mothers with autistic children than in those of normal control. This result suggested that the education and the supportive psychotherapy for mothers with autistic children is as important as the treatment for autism.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to describe perimenstrual symptom severity levels and perimenstrual distress patterns of women. The study performed the discriminant analysis in which included seven factors : age, pariety, social support, menstrual socialization(mother's symptom, sister's symptom, and menstrual effect), attitude of sex role and depression. The subjects were 283 women that they were not pregnant or lactating, had at least one period in past three months, would understand the purpose of study and willingly accepted the participation. The data analysis was done by pc-SAS program after data collection from Nov. 20, 1997 to Dec. 18, 1997. The descriptive analysis was done to explore general characteristics of the subjects and the stepwise discriminant analysis was done to verify factors in relation to perimenstrual symptom severity levels(severe vs mild menstrual symptom group) and perimenstrual distress patterns(spasmodic vs congestive menstrual symptom group). The instruments were selected for this study from Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(ISEL) by Cohen and Hoberman(1983), Center for Epidemic Studies Depression(CES-D) by Radloff(1977), and Sex Role Attitude Scale by Yunok Suh(1995), Mother's symptom and sister's symptom measurements by Woods, Mitchell & Lentz(1995), and menstrual effect by Brooks-Gun & Ruble(1980). The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. Of the 283 women, 93 women(32.9%) were assessed to severe perimenstrual symptom group and 190 women(67.1%) were assessed to mild perimenstrual symptom group. Results from the stepwise discriminant analysis showed three factors, such as depression, menstrual effect, and age, significantly related to perimenstrual symptom severity and they explained 20% of the total variance. The linear discriminant equation included three factors related to perimenstrual symptom groups was showed(Z=1.445 depression+0.174 menstrual effect-0.054 age). The cutting score(Z) was 2.809. We classified the severe perimenstrual symptom group by more than the cutting score 2.809 and the mild perimenstrual symptom by less or equal than the cutting score 2.809. The correctedness of posterior probability from discriminant equation was 72% as two perimenstrual symptom group classifications. 2. Of the 264 women, 139 women(52.7%) were assessed to spasmodic perimenstrual distress group and women(47.3%) were assessed to congestive perimenstrual distress group. Results from the stepwise discriminant analysis showed two factors, such as depression, age, significantly related to perimenstrual distress groups and they explained 8% of the total variance. The linear discriminant equation included two factors related to perimenstrual distress group was showed(Z=-0.084 age-0.776 depression). The cutting score(Z) was -3.759. We classified the spasmodic perimenstrual distress group by more than cutting score -3.759 and the congestive perimenstrual distress group by less or equal than cutting score -3.759. The correctedness of posterior probability from discriminant equation was 65% as two perimenstrual distress group classifications.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.164-175
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• 2003

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of models to predict AMI patients death using severity adjustment measures in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 861 patients treated by AMI in 7 general hospitals during 1996 and 1997 were reviewed by trained nurses. We measured the severity of patients by APACHE III, MedisGroups, CSI and DS. Using each severity method a predictive mortality for each patient was calculated from a logistic regression model including the severity score. The statistical performance of each severity method model was evaluated by using c-statistics and R2. For each hospital, z scores compared actual and expected mortality rates. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 14.5%, ranged from 10.0% to 22.2%. The distributions of severity scores for each method was significantly different by hospitals. The four severity-adjusted models to predict AMI patients death varied in their statistical performance for discrimination power of patients death. Order of Severity-adjusted mortality rates and z scores by four severity measures was different. Conclusion: Severity-adjusted mortality rates of AMI patients might be applied as an indicator for hospital performance evaluation in Korea. Because different severity methods frequently produce different impressions about relative hospital performance, more studies has to be done to use it as quality indicator and more attention should be paid to select appropriate severity measures.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.266-277
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• 2003

In order to investigate the working conditions related to cumulative trauma disorder(CTD) and symptoms of CTD, a survey was conducted covering 305 employees who were working in three furniture manufacturing companies in Kyungin area. Data were collected by using questionnaire of the Personal Ergonomics Profiles. The results were as follows : 1. The mean score of working conditions related to CTD was 0.95. The mean score of working conditions for labor workers were significantly higher than that of clerical workers. Among 4 factors of working conditions, the higher score were shown in the working and environment factors with 1.22 and 1.18, respectively. 2. Symptom prevalence rate of CTD for workers was $81.0\%\;{;}\;82.9\%$ for labor workers and $77.0\%$ for clerical workers. As for symptom of CTD in body part, higher rate were shown in lower back with $50.2\%$, shoulder and neck with $38.4\%\;and\;36.4\%$ respectively. 3. The score of symptom severity of CTD were 3.45. Significant difference was shown in symptom severity of forearm and wrist/hand part between labor and clerical workers. As for symptom severity of CTD in body part the higher score were shown in shoulder, ankle/foot, forearm. lower leg and elbow. and the highest score for labor workers were shoulder and ankle/foot and for clerical workers was lower back. 4. As a whole, symptom of CTD for workers positively correlated to working conditions. 5. Symptom of CTD for workers seemed to be significantly influenced by working factor, sex, working duration and working area factor.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Purpose: The scoring system for traumatic liver injury (SSTLI) was developed in 2015 to predict mortality in patients with polytraumatic liver injury. This study aimed to validate the SSTLI as a prognostic factor in patients with polytrauma and liver injury through a generalized estimating equation analysis. Methods: The medical records of 521 patients with traumatic liver injury from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed. The primary outcome variable was in-hospital mortality. All the risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The SSTLI has five clinical measures (age, Injury Severity Score, serum total bilirubin level, prothrombin time, and creatinine level) chosen based on their predictive power. Each measure is scored as 0-1 (age and Injury Severity Score) or 0-3 (serum total bilirubin level, prothrombin time, and creatinine level). The SSTLI score corresponds to the total points for each item (0-11 points). Results: The areas under the curve of the SSTLI to predict mortality on post-traumatic days 0, 1, 3, and 5 were 0.736, 0.783, 0.830, and 0.824, respectively. A very good to excellent positive correlation was observed between the probability of mortality and the SSTLI score (γ=0.997, P<0.001). A value of 5 points was used as the threshold to distinguish low-risk (<5) from high-risk (≥5) patients. Multivariate analysis using the generalized estimating equation in the logistic regression model indicated that the SSTLI score was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio, 1.027; 95% confidence interval, 1.018-1.036; P<0.001). Conclusions: The SSTLI was verified to predict mortality in patients with polytrauma and liver injury. A score of ≥5 on the SSTLI indicated a high-risk of post-traumatic mortality.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2024

Purpose: Appropriate scoring systems can help classify and treat polytrauma patients. This study aimed to validate chest trauma scoring systems in polytrauma patients. Methods: Data from 1,038 polytrauma patients were analyzed. The primary outcomes were one or more complications: pneumonia, chest complications requiring surgery, and mortality. The Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS), Chest Trauma Score, Rib Fracture Score, and RibScore were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in patients with or without head trauma. Results: In total, 1,038 patients were divided into two groups: those with complications (822 patients, 79.2%) and those with no complications (216 patients, 20.8%). Sex and body mass index did not significantly differ between the groups. However, age was higher in the complications group (64.1±17.5 years vs. 54.9±17.6 years, P<0.001). The proportion of head trauma patients was higher (58.3% vs. 24.6%, P<0.001) and the Glasgow Coma Scale score was worse (median [interquartile range], 12 [6.5-15] vs. 15 [14-15]; P<0.001) in the complications group. The number of rib fractures, the degree of rib fracture displacement, and the severity of pulmonary contusions were also higher in the complications group. In the area under the ROC curve analysis, the TTSS showed the highest predictive value for the entire group (0.731), head trauma group (0.715), and no head trauma group (0.730), while RibScore had the poorest performance (0.643, 0.622, and 0.622, respectively) Conclusions: Early injury severity detection and grading are crucial for patients with blunt chest trauma. The chest trauma scoring systems introduced to date, including the TTSS, are not acceptable for clinical use, especially in polytrauma patients with traumatic brain injury. Therefore, further revisions and analyses of chest trauma scoring systems are recommended.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.1068-1074
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• 2018

Objectives: Acute bronchitis is a common inflammatory disease with symptoms related to temporary inflammation of the airways. It is caused by a viral infections in over 95% of cases. A small minority of cases are caused by bacteria; however, there is little evidence that antibiotics are effective in the treatment of the condition. This report is a case of administering Dojukgangki-tang to three patients with acute bronchitis. Methods: Patients diagnosed with acute bronchitis were treated with Dojukgangki-tang, and the effects were studied using the bronchitis severity scale (BSS) and acute bronchitis severity scale (ABBS). Results: After treatment with Dojukgangki-tang for 2 weeks, average BSS score changed from $11.33{\pm}2.08$ to $1.67{\pm}1.15$. Average ABSS score decreased from $9.00{\pm}3.00$ to $2.00{\pm}1.00$. Conclusions: This study suggests that Dojukgangki-tang is effective in relieving coughs and sputum related to acute bronchitis.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III) to the prediction of the healthcare outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This research was performed with 136 adult patients (age>18 years) who were admitted to the ICU between May and June 2012. Data were measured using the CCI score with a comorbidity index of 19 and the APACHE III score on the standard of the worst result with vital signs and laboratory results. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under an ROC curve (AUC). Calibration was performed using logistic regression. Results: The overall mortality was 25.7%. The mean CCI and APACHE III scores for survivors were found to be significantly lower than those of non-survivors. The AUC was 0.835 for the APACHE III score and remained high, at 0.688, for the CCI score. The rate of concordance according to the CCI and the APACHE III score was 69.1%. Conclusion: The route of admission, days in ICU, CCI, and APACHE III score are associated with an increased mortality risk in ICU patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.368-377
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• 2024

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that leads to airway inflammation, destruction, and airflow limitation, which reflects its severity. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive method that uses sound waves to estimate lung function and airway resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of IOS in predicting the severity of bronchiectasis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the IOS parameters and clinical characteristics in 145 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis between March 2020 and May 2021. Disease severity was evaluated using the FACED score, and patients were divided into mild and moderate/severe groups. Results: Forty-four patients (30.3%) were in the moderate/severe group, and 101 (69.7%) were in the mild group. Patients with moderate/severe bronchiectasis had a higher airway resistance at 5 Hz (R5), a higher difference between the resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5-R20), a higher resonant frequency (Fres), and a higher area of reactance (AX) than patients with mild bronchiectasis. R5 ≥0.43, resistance at 20 Hz (R20) ≥0.234, R5-R20 ≥28.3, AX ≥1.02, reactance at 5 Hz (X5) ≤-0.238, and Fres ≥20.88 revealed significant univariable relationships with bronchiectasis severity (p<0.05). Among these, only X5 ≤-0.238 exhibited a significant multivariable relationship with bronchiectasis severity (p=0.039). The receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting moderate-to-severe bronchiectasis of FACED score based on IOS parameters exhibited an area under the curve of 0.809. Conclusion: The IOS assessed by the disease severity of FACED score can effectively reflect airway resistance and elasticity in bronchiectasis patients and serve as valuable tools for predicting bronchiectasis severity.