• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2015

Purpose: Vascular injuries caused by traffic, industrial accidents and by outside activities have increased in Korea. Especially, vascular injuries to the extremities can lead to limb loss and even mortality if they are not appropriately treated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of femoropopliteal vascular management after trauma. Methods: The medical records of 12 patients with femoropopliteal vascular injuries who were treated at Dankook University Hospital from 2011 to 2013 were reviewed. Iatrogenic vascular injuries were excluded. The clinical data including the causes of injury, associated injuries and surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results: All patients were male, with a mean age of $46.8{\pm}16.3years$ (range: 26~69 years). The causes of vascular injuries were four traffic accidents, three industrial accidents, two iron plates, one outside activity, one glass injury and one knife injury. The average transit time between the place of the accident place and the emergency department was $3.0{\pm}2.1$ (0.5~12.5) hours, and the average preparation time for surgery was $8.0{\pm}6.7$ (1.7~23.3) hours. The anatomic injuries included the popliteal vessel in seven cases and the femoral vessel in five cases. The average Injury Severity Score (ISS) was $12.0{\pm}5.0$ (5~17), and the average Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was $5.7{\pm}2.1$ (2~9). The operation methods were four interposition grafts, three end-to-end anastomoses, two direct repairs and three patch angioplasties. One case required amputation of the injured extremity. Conclusion: Early recognition and revascularization of the injured vessel are mandatory to reduce limb loss and to obtain satisfactory outcomes. Therefore, careful/rapid evaluation of the vascular injuries and timely/successful surgical treatment are the keys to salvaging an injured limb.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.114-131
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• 2023

Personal Mobility (PM)-related accidents have increased rapidly since PM use was activated. In response to the increase in these accidents, the government strengthened regulations for PM users on May 13, 2021. The number of the accidents in which the PM user was a victim decreased significantly. In contrast, the increasing number of accidents in which PM user was the offender did not decrease significantly. In most of these accidents, the PM user was the offender who crashed into pedestrians. Hence, the safety of pedestrians is threatened. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors, such as the regulations, urban built environment, and personal characteristics, affecting the severity of PM-pedestrian accidents by focusing on PM-pedestrian crashes. This study analyzed the PM-pedestrian accidents in Seoul from 2020 to 2021 using binary logistic regression model. Through these results, this study proposed the policy implications.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate the equipment risk before and after SEMI S2-93A implementation, thus providing a guideline for safety improvement. Semiconductor Plant A located in Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park with 147 manufacturing machines was used for risk assessment. This study was carried out in three steps. First, a preliminary hazard analysis was conducted. A detailed process safety evaluation was conducted (Hazard and Operability Study, HAZOP); and finally, the equipment risk comparison before and after Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing Instruction (SEMI S2-93A) implementation. The preliminary hazard analysis results showed high risk in 21.77% of the manufacturing machines under risk assessment at Plant A. The largest percentage existed in the Diffusion Department. The machine types specified by the hazardous work site review and inspection according to Article 26 of Labor Inspection Regulation (the machines that use such chemicals as, $SiH_4$, HF, HCL, etc. and that are determined to be highly hazardous through preliminary hazard analysis) were added to the detailed process analysis and evaluation. In the third part of this evaluation, the machines at Plant A used for detailed process safety assessment were divided into two groups based on the manufacturing data before and after 1993. The severity, possibility, and actual accident analysis before and after SEMI S2-93A implementation were compared. The Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing Instruction (SEMI S2-93A) implementation can reduce the severity and possibility of hazard occurrence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2017

This study investigated the causes and problems of train operation impediments through the statistics analysis of 8 years'internal data of Daejeon Metropolitan Express Transit. By evaluating the risks regarding the system, equipment, and parts of high risk group, this study measured the Risk Index Severity, and applied the $5{\times}5$ Risk Assessment Matrix which is a method of risk management to calculate the scale of risk to analyze the safety level and allowance range. As a result, the car sector, the most serious risk, followed by machinery and equipment sector showed that the inherent risk. In particular, the door broken and the door rail signaling and control devices due to defects of the vehicle is high, but also the severity, and frequency are showing very frequent additional potential accidents. PSD also had defects in the machinery sector appeared to be the most dangerous of the PSD poor safety gates, it was found that the glass also involve the risk of mishandling and breakage of the PSD. This study intended to contribute to the transportation benefits through the safety and stable operation of Metropolitan Express Transit.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.4 s.82
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

In recent years, the rapid growth of vehicles have increased traffic crashes. Since they can cause the economic losses and have put the life qualify in danger, there should be numerous efforts to reduce traffic crashes. To reduce traffic crashes, this research seeks to improve the safety of intersections by analysing causations of injury severity with Ordered Probability Model. This research applied the Ordered Probit Model, which assumes that ${\epsilon}_i$(random error) is normally distributed, for model calibration and used $p^2$ (likelihood ratio) and $x^2$ (Chi-square) for model selection. The results show that minor road traffic, heavy vehicle rates, major and minor right-turn rates, presence of lightings, speed limits, instructive line for left-turn traffic are significant factors affecting crash severities at signalized intersections.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is, first, to analyze the risk factors that influence the severity of injury in pediatric multiple trauma patients and, second, to present solutions for the problems related to the treatment of such patients. Our living situations are so complicated that the danger of accidents is truly open to children who are not prepared. We need to draw attention to the increased numbers of various accidents involving children. Methods: We studied patients who visited the Emergency Medical Center at Chosun University Hospital from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2008. Using medical records, we evaluated the general characteristics: the mechanism of injury, the vital signs, the revised trauma score (RTS), the injury severity score (ISS), and the hemoglibin value, which was checked at the time of visit, and the presence or the absence of emergent on regular surgery. We divided the level of injury as follows: light level (1-8 points), mid level (9-15 points), and serious level (above 16 points). We analyzed the medical data by using SPSS 17.0 for windows. Results: The average age of the patients examined was 8.6 years. The number of 6- to 11-year-old patients was 96, which was the largest, but the degree of injury severity was the highest among infant (0-2 years), according to ISS 7.95(${\pm}6.85$). The frequency of accidents was highest on sunny days, and most accidents occurred from 16:00 to 20:00. The cause of multiple trauma for children was the greatest in the traffic accident, (95 patients, 49.0%). In addition, the trauma caused by traffic accidents showed the highest ISS value ($9.02{\pm}6.42$) and the most serious degree (P=0.004). The ISS level of injury ($8.40{\pm}6.64$) for patients moved from a secondary hospital was higher than that ($6.49{\pm}5.57$) for patients who visited the medical center directly. The severity of injury was highest for patients who used a 119 ambulance ($8.84{\pm}5.80$). According to the injured parts of body, Injuries to the arms and the feet most frequent (79 patients, 40.7%), but the level of injury was the highest for internal organs and chest, $16.42{\pm}8.56$ and $11.23{\pm}6.97$, respectively. Conclusion: We used Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) in order to examine the characteristics by injured body part for pediatric multiple trauma patients. Because the degree of injury was the highest for internal organs or the chest, we need to more seriously examine and provide for patients who are suspected of having injuries to the internal organs or the chest. We need to quickly determine the need for surgery in patients with serious injuries to the arms and the feet, which is the greatest in frequency. In particular, we need to consider the surgical care of patients who are not very high in the severity of injury to their brains.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2006

Purpose: For prevention and suitable administration, the effect of age on the severity of injuries in traffic accidents should be considered when evaluating a patient, but there have not been enough epidemiological studies that evaluate the age factor in traffic accidents. For that reason, we investigated old-aged patients who were involved in traffic accidents (65 years old or more) and who were admitted to the emergency department of a college hospital in an urban city of Korea. Methods: We collected data from traffic-accident patients who came to the emergency room of a university hospital in Seoul from Jan.1, 2004 to Dec.31, 2005. We compared their abilities to ambulate and the RTSs (Revised trauma scores) by using a LSD (least significant difference), linear regression. Results: A total of 1460 patients were included. The mean RTS of all traffic-accident patients was $7.77{\pm}0.280$. The scores for drivers and passengers, motor-cycle drivers and passengers, bicycle drivers and passengers, and pedestrians were $7.79{\pm}0.21$, $7.78{\pm}0.22$, $7.54{\pm}0.25$, $7.77{\pm}0.20$, and $7.80{\pm}0.21$ respectively (p=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the RTS of patients over 65 years and that of other patients. In a regression analysis, the number of patients over 45 ages who were able to ambulate was lower than that of younger people, independently of other influencing factors (B=-0.330, R-square = 0.243, p=0.000). Conclusion: We expected that RTS of old age group more than 65 years old will significantly lower than that of others, but there was no statistically significant difference.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2022

Background; In the event of an industrial accident, the appropriate choice of hospital is important for worker health and prognosis. This study investigates whether the choice of hospital by the employer in the case of industrial accidents affects the prognosis of injured employees. Methods; Data from the 2018 Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance in Korea were used in an unmatched case-controlled study. The exposure variable is "hospital selection by an employer," and the outcome variable is 'worker's disability." Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by modified Poisson regression and adjusted for age, gender, underlying disease, injury severity, and workplace size and stratified by industrial classification. The group at increased risk was analyzed and stratified by age, gender, and area. Results; In the construction industry, hospital selection by the employer was significantly associated with increased risk of disability (adjusted OR 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.20-1.32) and severe disability (adjusted OR 1.38; 95% CI; 1.08-1.76) among the injured. Female and younger workers not living in the Seoul capital area were more at risk of disability and severe disability than those living in the Seoul capital area. Conclusions; Hospital selection by employers affects the prognosis of workers injured in an industrial accident. For protecting workers' health and safety, workplace emergency medical systems should be improved, and the selection of appropriate hospitals to supply treatment should be reviewed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2016

According to Traffic Accident Statistics, the fatalities of accident while crossing is over represented. So, more active safety countermeasure should be considered to reduce the frequency and degree of severity of pedestrian-crossing involved accidents. The study analyses the safety effects of the Crossing Safety Assistant System which is composed of Led-embedded crosswalk lightings, text displayer and audio waning device for the safety consciousness both pedestrian and vehicles at crosswalk area. Operating speed of vehicles is reduced with statistical significance, and the level of vigilance expressed by pedestrian head movement to check out the vehicle existence is improved.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2012

An effective drowsy driver detection system is needed, because the probability of accident is high for drowsy driving and its severity is high at the time of accident. However, the drowsy driver detection system that uses bio-signals or vision is difficult to be utilized due to high cost. Thus, this paper proposes a drowsy driver detection algorithm by using steering angle sensor, which is attached to the most of vehicles at no additional cost, and vehicle information such as brake switch, throttle position signal, and vehicle speed. The proposed algorithm is based on jerk criterion, which is one of drowsy driver's steering patterns. In this paper, threshold value of each variable is presented and the proposed algorithm is evaluated by using acquired vehicle data from hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) through CAN communication and MATLAB program.