• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 2017

This study was investigated to test whether paternal DNA that was destined for degradation was properly licensed by testing for the presence of mini-chromosome maintenance protein (MCM) 7 and origin recognition complex (ORC) 2 in the paternal pronuclei. ORC2 is one of the first licensing protein to come on and MCM7 is one of the last licensing protein to come on. Zygotes were prepared by injection of control and treated sperm injection (ICSI). To control for DNA breakage, epididymal spermatozoa were treated with DNase I to fragment the DNA, then injected into oocytes. The presence of MCM7 and ORC2 in the pronuclei of mouse zygotes was tested by immunohistochemistry, just before the onset of DNA synthesis, at 5 h after fertilization, and after DNA synthesis began, at 9 h post fertilization. We found that in all cases, both MCM7 and ORC2 were present in both pronuclei at 5 h after sperm injection, just before DNA synthesis began. This indicates that no matter how extensive the DNA damage, recruitment of licensing proteins to the origins of replication was not inhibited. Sperm DNA fragmentation does not prevent licensing of DNA replication origins. Furthermore, the embryo recognizes DNA that is damaged by nucleases. Our data indicate that the one-cell embryo does harbor a mechanism to prevent the replication of severely damaged DNA from spermatozoa, even though the embryos do not undergo classical apoptosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 1980

Effect of monoterpene composition in pine needles on the susceptibility to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) has been pursued. The pines studied include 5 susceptible and 2 resistant species. Also included were severely damaged or unaffected P. densiflora in the pine gall midge affected region. From the needles of the pine trees, 9 monoterpenes were identified by GLC. No correlationship, was found to hold in the monoterpene composition between pine gall midge susceptible and nonsusceptible pine species. Concentrations of limonene, however, gradually increased following oviposition in the unaffected P. densiflora while the concentrations of the monoterpene remained constant in the damaged P. densiflora. Effect of high limonene concentration in the needles of P. densiflora is discussed as a possible factor inducing resistance toward the pest in the unaffected Pinus densiflora.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2010

In the ocean area surrounding the Korean Peninsula, the undersea earthquakes have occurred frequently during last decades. The eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula is very vulnerable to tsunami attacks which occur along the Western Coast of Japan. In special, the middle areas of the eastern coast of Korean Peninsula have been damaged due to the Central East Sea Tsunami occurred in 1983. Thus, tsunami hazard mitigation becomes an important issue at eastern coastal communities. The countermeasures against unexpected tsunami attacks are not sufficient because the government policy generally focused on not preventing but recovering. In this paper, a hazard map based on the field survey and tsunami evacuation simulation is developed to mitigate tsunami damage at Imwon port, which was severely damaged during the 1983 Central East Sea Tsunami.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 2017

This is a case report of a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), admitted to the wildlife rescue center with right coracoid and scapular fracture which received conservative treatment and was soft-released successfully. At the admission, the goshawk had callus formed on the fractured bones, scars on eyebrows and severely damaged tail feathers with inability to fly. Cage rest was indicated to prevent further occurrence of fracture and to promote reunion of the fracture surface. The bird went through a rehabilitation process with appropriate physical training in flying cage to recover its fitness and flying ability. Complete molting of flight feathers with damaged rectrices was achieved during the rehabilitation period and its flight ability was recovered favorably. It was released into a proper habitat for northern goshawks, but the bird was found near the aviary where its last phase of rehabilitation was performed. A soft-release program was applied and finally the bird returned to near the first rescue location 235 km away from the release site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

The study aims to find regional characteristics of Olle and Olle-Dam the old town of Jeju city, "Mu-geun-sung," through researches of the status of the spatial structure in the area. The research was mainly conducted through literature survey and field survey. Literature survey was conducted for the typification of alleys and stone walls. Field surveys were conducted to reveal the location, length, and materials of the stone walls on alleys. As a result, this study can grasp the spatial characteristics of the alleys and the typological characteristics of the stone walls in the old urban areas of Jeju City. The unit alley located in the old city area of Jeju was severely damaged. Also, the stone walls could reveal that there are few areas where the original shape is preserved. The management of the community has not been properly carried out in the use of alleys. In addition, there is concern about the damage caused by securing a road in the future. On the other hand, many of the damaged stone walls had basically the original shape. There were many stone walls that retained their original shape in the old alley. For this reason, there is a high possibility that the alleys and stone walls located in the old urban areas of Jeju are utilized as assets of the area. Based on the results of the above study, community recovery using old alleys of Jeju is required.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1991

Sulfur dioxide discharged from the factories in Yeochun industrial complex severely damaged to the growth of oyster mushrooms. The continuous monitoring indicated that high concentration of sulfur dioxide was repeatedly detected in Kwang-Yang and Seung-Ju. The first injury symptoms on the mushroom fruit bodies were observed a day later when sulfur dioxide was detected over 300 ppb. Under the high concentration of sulfur dioxide exposure, the young fruit bodies showed blight and sudden death and the mature fruit bodies turned to blue-brown and frequently progressed to blight. The symptoms at Spring cropping were more severe than those at Autumn cropping. The severity was associated with the frequency of sulfur dioxide monitored. However, sulfur content in the mushroom fruit bodies and culture media did not show clear differences between the injured mushroom from Yeochun industrial complex areas and normal ones from no damaged areas.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2001

Currently the rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. has occurred widely in Korea. A survey on the disease incidence at rice fields in 8 inland provinces was carried out in 2000, showing that the disease occurred at 104 (7.5%) out of 1,152 rice fields examined, ranging from 1.5% to 13.7% in provincial average. It was found that the disease incidence was greatly affected by local weather conditions and rice cultivars. In case of the most susceptible cultivar Namchunbyeo, the disease incidence was only about 1.3% in Icheon, while it was over 20% in Namwon which had weather conditions of the shorter sunshine period (about 64%) and the higher amount of precipitation (about 130%) during the rice cultivation than Icheon. In Icheon, artificial inoculation of the pathogen failed to induce the disease, probably because of the weather conditions unfavorable to the disease development, which also suggests that its incidence may be dependent on the weather conditions. Susceptibility of rice cultivars to the disease varied greatly; eight resistant cultivars including Heukjinjubyeo were not damaged by the disease, but 2 cultivars including Geumnambyeo and Namchunbyeo were severely damaged, having more than 20% of the disease incidence. Among chemicals tested fur the control of the rice false smut tebuconazole WP showed the highest control efficacy of 83∼88% on cvs. Geumnambyeo and Namchunbyeo. Other chemicals such as azoxystrobin WP and ferimzone WP also effectively suppressed the disease development in the field trials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.171-175
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• 2001

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectrics and metal, which can apply to employed in integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of free-defects in inter level dielectrics and metal. Especially, defects like (micro-scratch) lead to severe circuit failure, and affects yield. Current conditioning method - bladder type, orbital pad motion - usually provides unsuitable pad profile during ex-situ conditioning near the end of pad life. Since much of the pad wear occurs by the mechanism of bladder tripe conditioning and its orbital motion without rotation, we need to implement new ex-situ conditioner which can prevent abnormal regional force on pad caused by bladder-type and also need to rotate the pad during conditioning. Another important study of ADPC is related to the orbital scratch of which source is assumed as diamond grit dropped from the strip during ex-situ conditioning. Scratch from diamond grit damaged wafer severely so usual1y scraped. Figure 1 shows the typical shape of scratch damaged from diamond. We suspected that intensive forces to the edge area of bladder type stripper accelerated the drop of Diamond grit during conditioning, so new designed Flat stripper was introduced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2010

A half-sib family of two 4-year-old seedlings of Pinus $\times$ rigitaeda was inoculated with each of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of Fusarium circinatum (syn. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini) from two pitch canker damaged sites in Jeju Island, South Korea. Initial symptoms of needle damages were visible on most of the seedlings at 18 days after inoculation. The 20 tested isolates were not significantly different in virulence, based on lesion lengths at the site of inoculation (P = 0.217). The most virulent isolate FT-7 showed the longest lesion length. Some seedlings began to die 46 days after inoculation. All seedlings were dead by 68 days after inoculation except two seedlings inoculated with each of isolates FS-2 and FS-13, respectively. Using the FT-7, 38-year-old 11 P. $\times$ rigitaeda trees, which were survived from a seed orchard severely damaged by pitch canker, were inoculated on branches in the seed orchard in Jeju Island to assess differences in susceptibility to pitch canker. The 11 trees differed significantly (P < 0.001) in susceptibility to F. circinatum based on average lesion lengths measured 56 days after inoculation. It is possible that induced resistance contributed to their capacity to limit lesion development. The susceptibility of natural selection P. $\times$ rigitaeda trees are more likely affected by interaction with F. circinatum rather than environmental conditions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic neuropathy, which is the most frequent complications of diabetes, affect sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. This study aimed to investigate whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against high glucose-induced toxicity. In the current study, we found that diabetic patients exhibited higher lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress than healthy subjects. 7,8-DHF exhibits superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. High glucose-induced toxicity severely damaged SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization; however, 7,8-DHF recovered mitochondrial polarization. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF effectively modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) under high glucose, thus inhibiting the activation of caspase signaling pathways. These results indicate that 7,8-DHF has antioxidant effects and protects cells from apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose. Thus, 7,8-DHF may be developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.