• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.57-64
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• 1998

This paper presents the cyclic seismic performance of slip-critically designed, high-strength bolted-beam splice in steel moment frame. Before the moment connection reaching its plastic strength, unexpected premature slippage occurred at the slip-critically designed beam splice during the test. The experimentally observed frictional coefficients were as low as about 50% to 60% of nominal (code) value. Nevertheless, the bearing type behavior mobilized after the slippage transferred the increasing cyclic loads successfully, i.e., the consequence of slippage into bearing was not catastrophic to the connection behavior. The test result seems to indicate that the traditional beam splice design basing upon (bolt-hole deducted) effective flange area criterion may not be sufficient in developing the plastic strength of moment connections under severe earthquake loading. New procedure for achieving slip-critical beam splice design is proposed based on capacity design concept.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.875-891
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• 2015

Earthquake can occur anywhere in the world and it is essential to design important members in special structures based on maximum possible forces that can be produced in them under severe earthquake. In addition, since the earthquake is an accidental phenomena and there are no similar earthquakes, therefore the possibility of strong earthquakes should be taken into account in earthquake-resistant design of important structures. Based on this viewpoint, finding the critical acceleration which maximizes internal forces is an essential factor in structural design. This paper proposes critical excitation method to compute the critical acceleration in design of important members in special structures. These critical accelerations are computed so that the columns' internal shear force at the base of the structure at each time step is maximized under constraints on ground motion. Among computed critical accelerations (of each time step), the one which produces maximum internal shear force is selected. A numerical example presents to show the efficiency of critical excitation method in determining the maximum internal shear force and base moment under variety of constraints. The results show that these method can be used to compute the resonant earthquake which have large enough effective duration of earthquake strong motion (between 12.86 sec to 13.38 sec) and produce the internal shear force and base moment for specific column greater than the same value for selected earthquakes in constructing the critical excitation (for different cases about 2.78 to 1.29 times the San Fernando earthquake). Therefore, a group of them can be utilized in developing the response spectrum for design of special structures.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2012

2011년 3월 11일 14시 46분 (JST) 일본 센다이에서 동쪽152 km 지점에서 수심 32 km지점에서 ($38.222^{\circ}N$ $142.369^{\circ}E$) 진도 9.0의 대지진이 (공식명칭: The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami) 발생했다. 지진해일 발생 후 센다이를 포함하는 주변해역에서 해양환경의 변화를 모니터링 하기 위해서 해색위성인 GOCI 및 MODIS에서 추출된 클로로필과 Rrs(555)을 이용하여 2011년 3월에서 5월까지 모니터링을 실시 하였다. 지진해일 발생 전 센다이 주변해역 및 일본 동부 해안은 상대적으로 낮은 농도의 클로로필과 부유물질 농도를 보였지만, 지진해일 발생 후 지진해일의 영향은 일본 동부 남북방향의 긴 해안선을 따라서 전 지역에서 영향을 미쳤고, 수층이 교란되었다. 급격한 변화는 수심 30 m 이내의 얕은 수심에서 일어났고, 외해에서의 변화는 거의 없었다. 지진해일 발생 두 달 후 이전의 안정된 해양환경으로 복원된 것으로 관측되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2019

Concrete pipelines are the most efficient and safe means for gas and oil transportation over a long distance. The use of nano materials and nono-engineering can be considered for enhancing concrete pipelines properties. the tests show that SiO2 nanoparticles can improve the mechanical behavior of concrete. Moreover, severe hazard for pipelines is seismic ground motion. Over the years, scientists have attempted to understand pipe behavior against earthquake most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic response of underwater nanocomposite submerged pipeline conveying fluid is studied. The structure is subjected to the dynamic loads caused by earthquake and the governing equations of the system are derived using mathematical model via Classic shell theory and Hamilton's principle. Navier-Stokes equation is employed to calculate the force due to the fluid in the pipe. As well, the effect of external fluid is modeled with an external force. Mori-Tanaka approach is used to estimate the equivalent material properties of the nanocomposite. 1978 Tabas earthquake in Iran is considered for modelling seismic load. The dynamic displacement of the structure is extracted using differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newmark method. The effects of different parameters such as SiO2 nanoparticles volume percent, boundary conditions, thickness to radius ratios, length to radius ratios, internal and external fluid pressure and earthquake intensity are discussed on the seismic response of the structure. From results obtained in this paper, it can be found that the dynamic response of the pipe is increased in the presence of internal and external fluid. Furthermore, the use of SiO2 nanoparticles in concrete pipeline reduces the displacement of the structure during an earthquake.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

기존의 액상화 평가방법은 대부분 미국, 일본 등 지진 발생빈도가 높고 그로 인한 액상화 피해가 빈번한 국가에서 주도적으로 연구가 진행되었으며, 개발된 액상화 평가방법들은 큰 지진규모(M=7.5)에 기초하고 있다. 국내에서도 1997년 실제적인 내진연구가 시작된 이래 액상화 평가의 구체적 규정이 제정되었으나, 내진설계기준에서는 실지진하중을 등가의 전단응력으로 간편화한 경험적인 방법과 실내진동실험에 의한 액상화 상세평가 방법을 통해 액상화 평가를 수행하도록 되어있다. 그러나 이러한 경우 실제 지진하중의 특성을 평가과정에서 반영하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 실제 지진파 고유의 특성을 적용한 진동삼축실험을 통하여 상대밀도와 실트질함유량의 변화에 따른 액상화 저항강도를 산정하였다. 실험결과를 토대로 국내의 대표적인 항만지역의 지진응답해석 결과와 비교 분석하여 중진지역에 적합한 액상화 평가 생략기준을 제시하였다. 또한 액상화 평가시 정현하중 사용의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 쐐기하중 및 선형증가쐐기하중 실험을 수행하여 하중 변화에 따른 액상화 저항강도 특성을 분석하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.459-464
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• 2007

Seismic control performance of MR dampers, which have severe nonlinearity, differs with respect to the dynamic characteristics of an earthquake such as magnitude, frequency and duration. In this study, the effects of excitation characteristics on the equivalent linear system of a building structure with the MR damper are investigated through numerical analysis for artificial ground motions generated from different response spectrums. The equivalent damping ratio of the structure with the MR damper is calculated using Newmark and Hall's equations for ground motion amplification factors. It is found that the equivalent damping ratio of the structure with the MR damper is dependent on the ratio of the maximum friction force of the MR damper over excitation magnitude. Frequency contents of the earthquake ground motion affects the equivalent damping ratio of long-period structures considerably. Also, additional damping effect caused by interaction between the viscousity and friction of the MR damper is observed. Finally, response reduction factors for equivalent linear systems are proposed in order to improve accuracy in the prediction of the actual nonlinear response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2011

An evaluation is presented of the response of a 3-storey R/C structure during the destructive Lefkada earthquake of 14/08/2003. Key aspects of the event include: (1) the unusually strong levels of ground motion (PGA = 0.48 g, $SA_{max}$ = 2.2 g) recorded approximately 10 km from fault, in downtown Lefkada; (2) the surprisingly low structural damage in the area; (3) the very soft soil conditions ($V_{s,max}$ = 150 m/s). Structural, geotechnical and seismological aspects of the earthquake are discussed. The study focuses on a 3-storey building, an elongated structure of rectangular plan supported on strip footings, that suffered severe column damage in the longitudinal direction, yet minor damage in the transverse one. Detailed spectral and time-history analyses highlight the interplay of soil, foundation and superstructure in modifying seismic demand in the two orthogonal directions of the building. It is shown that soil-structure interaction may affect inelastic seismic response and alter the dynamic behavior even for relatively flexible systems such as the structure at hand.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.355-372
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• 2014

Considering the history of severe earthquakes and the presence of active faults in the greater Tehran region, the possibility of a destructive earthquake occurring is high and seismic hazard analysis is crucial. Gumbel distributions are commonly-used statistical distributions in earthquake engineering and seismology. Their main advantage is their basis on the largest earthquake magnitudes selected from an equal-time predefined set. In this study, the first asymptotic distribution of extremes is used to estimate seismicity parameters and peak ground acceleration (PGA). By assuming a Poisson distribution for the earthquakes, after estimation of seismicity parameters, the mean return period and the probable maximum magnitude within a given time interval are obtained. A maximum probable magnitude of 7.0 has a mean return period of 100 years in this region. For a return period of 475 years, the PGA in the greater Tehran region is estimated to be 0.39g to 0.42g, depending on local site conditions. This value is greater than that of the Iranian Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, indicating that a revision of the code is necessary.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

Collapse behavior of Mission-Gothic Undercrossing under Northridge earthquake is studied by performing nonlinear time-history analysis and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method for flared columns. Bridge structural model is characterized as three-dimensional with consideration of columns, superstructures, and abutment conditions. Three components of ground motion, corresponding to bridge's longitudinal, transverse, and vertical direction and their combinations are used to investigate bridge collapse. Studies indicate that bridge collapse is dominantly caused by transverse ground motion and the consideration of three-dimensional ground motion leads to a more accurate assessment. Failure mechanism of flared columns is analyzed applying nonlinear finite element method. Reduction of column capacity is observed due to orientation of flare. Further investigation demonstrates that the effects of flare play an important role in predicting of bridge failure mechanism. Suggestions are offered to improve the performance of bridges during severe earthquake.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.33-46
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• 1999

캘리포니아의 강구조 모멘트프레임은 1994년 노스리지 지진시 6.8의 규모와 진앙지에서 근접한 지리적인 악조건에도 불구하고 붕괴나 인명피해 없이 잘 견뎌냈다. 그러나 이후 시행된 조사에서 경제적으로 지진시 안전하다고 믿어져 널리 쓰인 welded flange-bolted web(WFBW) 강접합부(moment connection)의 기둥과 용접의 경계면에서 취성 파괴가 다수 발견되었다. 이논문은 선형파괴역학과 노스리지진이후의 WFBW 강접합부 실험을 이용하여 WFBW 강접합부와 노스리지지진이후 기존 강접합부의 대안으로 추천되고 있는 reduced beam section (RBS) 강접합부의 취성 파괴강도를 결정하는 수치적인 방법을 제안하고 이를 이용하여 이들 강접합부의 취성 파괴모드를 추정하였다.