• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Post-construction subgrade settlement especially differential settlement, has become a key issue in construction and operation of non-ballasted track on high-speed railway soil subgrade, which may also affect the dynamic performance of passing trains. To estimate the effect of differential subgrade settlement on the mechanical behaviors of the vehicle-slab track system, a detailed model considering nonlinear subgrade support and initial track state due to track self-weight is developed. Accordingly, analysis aiming at a typical high-speed vehicle coupled with a deteriorated slab track owing to differential subgrade settlement is carried out, in terms of two aspects: (i) determination of an initial mapping relationship between subgrade settlement and track deflections as well as contact state between track and subgrade based on a semi-analytical method; (ii) simulation of dynamic performance of the coupled system by employing a time integration approach. The investigation indicates that subgrade settlement results in additional track irregularity, and locally, the contact between the concrete track and the soil subgrade is prone to failure. Moreover, wheel-rail interaction is significantly exacerbated by the track degradation and abnormal responses occur as a result of the unsupported areas. Distributions of interlaminar contact forces in track system vary dramatically due to the combined effect of track deterioration and dynamic load. These may not only intensify the dynamic responses of the coupled system, but also have impacts on the long-term behavior of the track components.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2005

현재 오프라인 신용카드 가맹점에서의 신용카드 결제 시에 사용되는 결제 시스템은 신용카드 결제 단말기, 결제 중계 서비스를 하는 VAN사 그리고 신용카드사로 구성되어 있다. 신용카드사 장애 시에는 결제 중계 서비스 VAN사가 승인 대행을 하여 처리하나, 결제 중계 서비스 VAN사 장애 시에는 신용카드 결제 서비스가 원활하게 이루어지지 않는다. 본 논문은 신용카드 결제 단말기에 결제 중계 서비스를 하는 VAN사의 장애 시에 Switching Agent를 이용하여 또 다른 서비스 VAN사에서 결제 중계 서비스를 할 수 있도록 하는 신용카드 결제 시스템을 제안하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to develop a web-based information system for rural settlement environment diagnosis which is useful to apply the village based evaluation for new rural development projects. To achieve this purpose, this study performed : 1) analyzing the business process in the field of rural settlement environment diagnosis, 2) designing the data flow diagram and the database based on settlement environment diagnostic indices(SEDI), and 3) developing the system using APM (Apache, PHP, and MySQL) of web-system development environment. The developed system was applied to the study rural villages for testing of efficient and logical working. Users of the system, such as, researchers, decision makers, and rural residents, can input directly the village data to diagnose through a file format of Excel in MS Office. Futhermore, they can analyze the visual results with graphic and graph types, simultaneously. From the results of this study, it showed that the developed system enables decision-makers not only to assist the planning process of the rural village development project, but also to improve the level of information technology in the research and planning field concerning with rural development.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.486-490
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 일반(천연)모래를 대체하여 폐콘크리트 재생잔골재(이하 재생모래)를 하수관거 모래기초용 재료로 활용하였을 경우 재생모래의 지반적 거동(침하)에 대한 다양한 적용성 평가를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 상대적 재료 특성 차이에 따른 침하량 전산모사(FLAC 사용)를 실시하였으며 실내 재하 실험을 통한 즉시침하 평가, 우수에 의해 예상되는 재료특성 변화를 살펴본 후 실규모급 현장 적용성 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 FLAC으로 예측된 재생모래기초의 침하량은 $5.0{\times}10^{-6}\;m$ 미만이었으며, 실내 침하실험에서는 침하가 발생되지 않았다. 또한 용출에 인한 재료특성(흡수율 등) 변화 역시 미미하였다. 마지막으로 실규모급 현장 시공의 침하 모니터링 결과, 원지반의 압밀침하로 예상되는 5 mm의 침하만이 발생하였다. 이를 통해서 재생모래의 하수관 모래기초 적용성은 충분한 타당성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

As FTAs are introduced, greater trade between the countries results in more disputes between parties to the agreement. Disputes in international trade have previously been settled mainly through international arbitration. However, with the recent rise in negative aspects of the arbitration system, the international community has begun to seek ways to utilize mediation for replacing the arbitration system. Mediation is a dispute settlement system that helps the parties settle their disputes on their own through negotiations. The UNCITRAL, which seeks to unify and develop international trade law, amended the Model Mediation Law in 2018 and adopted the 'United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation' in August 2019 to enable the adoption of the international settlement agreement. This study analyzes the main contents of the 2018 Model Mediation Law and predicts the potential for the development of international commercial mediation as a dispute settlement procedure for future international trade.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the Rural Settlement Development(RSD) driven by government in historical view, and its effects on the facilities and houses of rural village in the country. Through the study, we have come to the results that the major concerns of the RSD projects since 1950s has been transferred to as following. First, the reformation of inter-facility; dressing room, kitchen, bath-house, etc of rural houses, from that of outer facility; roof, fence and etc. Secondly, the substantial objects of the projects of village settlement improvement have been changed from partial reformation of individual houses, public facilities, etc early, to comprehensive reformation by master plan for village settlement recently. Lastly, those have been established that the process of planning village settlement available to carry out landuse division and the various program for village improvement, based on its inherent circumstances.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

In the past, social insurance premiums, such as national pension and national health insurance, is contained within the costs of construction projects, have been lowered due to price competition of companies participating in the bidding. The government is implementing the "Ex-post settlement system" to improve the problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the concept of an Ex-post settlement system and background of its introduction and to identify problems in the management of the system. The problems of the Ex-post settlement system are: 1) avoiding the participation of construction workers, 2) the rigidity of the insurance premium settlement method in construction field, and 3) the cause of direct construction cost reduction. The ways to improve these problems are: 1) excluding social insurance premiums from construction project cost, 2) securing flexibility of the settlement method of insurance premiums in construction field, and 3) expanding the scope of persons eligible to participate in social insurance.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.3-29
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• 2020

The WTO's dispute settlement system has played a significant role in settling trade disputes between countries, and its function and role have been expanded by handling about 596 disputes since its establishment in 1995. This shows that the WTO's dispute settlement system is gaining enormous trust among member countries that it recognizes as a fair, effective, and efficient system for resolving trade disputes. The U.S. remains uncooperative in the WTO dispute settlement system, citing disregard for the 90-day deadline for appeals, continued service by persons who are no longer A.B. members, issuing advisory opinions on issues not necessary to resolve a dispute, A.B. review of facts, and review of a member's domestic law de novo. The A.B. claims its reports are entitled to be treated as a precedent. These problems should be gradually improved through various discussions and agreements by establishing a multilateral forum for resolving disputes and gradually ending the problems through reform of the DSU.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

상거래 활동에서 전자상거래가 차지하는 비중과 다양성이 높아 질수록 기존의 단순한 지불결제 수단에서 가치를 저장, 부여, 이전할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 지불결제 및 금융형태가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 사이버뱅크 시스템은 이러한 요구에 가장 가까운 대안으로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 현존의 사이버뱅크 시스템은 기존은행이 사용하는 업무 프로세스를 그대로 적용하여 운영함으로, 사이버뱅크를 위한 초기 설비투자 비용이 크고, 운영, 관리 등에서 어려움이 있다. 그리고 판매자와 구매자 간의 논스톱 직접 지불결제 방식이 아닌 기존의 신용카드 방식을 사용 함으로서 가치의 저장, 부여, 이전의 기능을 충분히 사용하지 못하여 별도의 대금정산 절차가 추가적으로 필요하다. 그래서 인터넷 상에서 현금지불 기능을 할 수가 없는 등의 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 상기의 문제에 대응하기 위해 (1) 사이버뱅크용 인프라 소프트웨어 개발에 필요한 통합업무 프로세스(OPOI)를 새로이 제안하고, (2) 인터넷상에서의 전자상거래에 적용될 지불결제시스템의 새로운 업무프로세스를 제안한다. 또한 이들을 기반으로한 (3) 새로운 사이버뱅크용 지불결제시스템을 설계, 구현한다. 이를 통해 기존의 사이버뱅크 시스템이 갖는 문제점을 해결하고 차세대의 발전된 지불결제수단으로서의 사이버뱅크의 가능성을 제시한다. 본 제안시스템은 실제 구현하여 그 유효성을 확인하고 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of two types of connector systems in reinforced retaining wall, the centrifugal tests for the conventional connector and new settlement connector system were performed. In the centrifugal tests, the aluminum plate for the face was used and the aluminum foil was used as a reinforcement. The granite soil was adopted as a fill. As a result, The settlement reinforced retaining wall reached to the failure at 80g-level. In contrast, the conventional reinforced retaining wall was collapsed at 69g-level. It means that the settlement reinforced retaining wall has the stronger stability than the conventional reinforced retaining wall. In addition, it was shown that the settlement connector system is more effective to release the stress concentration occurred at the face of reinforced retaining wall than the conventional connector system.