• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.103-113
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• 2010

The post-war period has witnessed the emergence of new towns in a number of countries in Southeast Asia. The new town development in Malaysia started with Petaling Jaya (PJ) as a satellite town in 1953 to accommodate the rapid growing population of Kuala Lumpur (KL). Shah Alam (SA), Subang Jaya (SJ) are all located in the Klang Valley and act as an important social and economic development hub in the nation. New towns have been designed in accordance with the British town planning principles, which were based on the model of a modern ideal city. They constituted a new regional character because they were developed taking into consideration factors such as local technologies as well as site and, climatic conditions. The initial goal of the new town construction and planning, which focused basically on resettling squatters, was later changed to focus on the improvement of the quality of living. This phenomenon was related to the emergence of the middle class, which had grown rapidly ever since. With the public agencies, the private sectors have played an important role in providing viable and sustainable human units of settlement that address the new design issues of new town planning. The goal of this study is to identify the identity of the recent new town planning principles of Malaysia, how they were developed over time and how they were regionalized and transformed in a cultural and regional context. For the analysis, we chose 3 new towns which are located in Klang Valley and which are representative recent projects of two major housing development companies in Malaysia. To identify the planning principles, we analyzed these projects in the viewpoint of the urban space, street system, and housing blocks and units.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2013

This study starts from the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces through local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western countries. The analysis targets the discourse on the urban street, the basic unit of urban tissue and the settlement condition in urban life, which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. And this research classifies and categorizes the value recognition and policy value occurred each period. Based on these, this research defines the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul as follows. Results Firstly, 1890's and 1900's was the period of development in commerce and industry, which caused congested and crowded streets. The open port policy allowed the experience of the foreign circumstance, and thus the identity of the urban streets and the value of symbolism come to realize among the society. During the Japanese colonization, urban streets put on modernized images through the urban remodeling out of the context according to the colonization policy. The brand-new values such as publicness and amenity are injected as well as modern regulations by system and authority. From Liberation to 1950's, it performed only street restoration as a repair from war with Japanese colonial system because of the political confusion and administrative vacuum. Finally, each period can be defined as follows. 1890's and 1900's can be defined as 'spontaneous finding the modernization' because urban street was intentionally transformed by the empire. Period of the Japanese colonization can be defined as 'the formation of modernized urban street concept and the compulsion of modernized regulation.' And period of from Liberation to 1950's, can be called as 'the absence of value recognition and maintenance of colonial system.' methodology.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

Nondestructive testing methods are required to assess the condition of civil structures and formulate their maintenance programs. Axial force identification is required for several structural members of truss bridges, pipe racks, and space roof trusses. An accurate evaluation of in situ axial forces supports the safety assessment of the entire truss. A considerable redistribution of internal forces may indicate structural damage. In this paper, a novel compressive force identification method for prismatic members implemented using static deflections is applied to steel beams. The procedure uses the Euler-Bernoulli beam model and estimates the compressive load by using the measured displacement along the beam's length. Knowledge of flexural rigidity of the member under investigation is required. In this study, the deflected shape of a compressed steel beam is subjected to an additional vertical load that was short-term measured in several laboratory tests by using fiber Bragg grating-differential settlement measurement (FBG-DSM) sensors at specific cross sections along the beam's length. The accuracy of midspan deflections offered by the FBG-DSM sensors provided excellent force estimations. Compressive load detection accuracy can be improved if substantial second-order effects are induced in the tests. In conclusion, the proposed method can be successfully applied to steel beams with low slenderness under real conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.239-243
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• 2009

A various regional competitions through the introduction and settlement of a local self-government have been important in city marketing. For city developing, a serial activation polices are come and in this process the native history and cultures have recognized as the core tool of cities. For possession of city competition, we have developed the ciies's tangible and/or intangible cultural properties and make full use of a attractive asset. The city identity is estibilished and the opportunity of a special space is made. This city identity has been dependent on spending time. We suggest the strategy for city image through the historical element and the development of program for the promotion of publicity activities. The preservation and application of the modern architectures as the cultural and historical element promote the city image and build the position of city identity. We suggest the city marketing for the implication on the sustainable reproductive city.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.476-485
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present an analysis method for the prediction of the change of ground conditions. To this end, three-dimensional convergence displacements is analyzed in several ways to estimate the trend of displacement change. Three-dimensional arching effect is occurred around the unsupported excavation surface including tunnel face when a tunnel is excavated in a stable rock mass. If the ground condition ahead of tunnel face changes or a weak fracture zone exists a specific trend of displacement change is known to be occurred from the results of the existing researches. The existence of a discontinuity, whose change in front of the tunnel face, can be predicted from the ratio of L/C (longitudinal displacement at crown divided by settlement at crown) etc. Therefore, the change of ground condition and the existence of a fracture zone ahead of tunnel face can be predicted by monitoring three-dimensional absolute displacements during excavation, and applying the methodology presented in this study.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.6 s.65
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• pp.467-475
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• 2006

The use of face bolt method has been increasing abroad recently. Hence, many tests and measurements are being conducted and reported. Also, it is well hewn that determination of the installation number of foe bolts in the design stage is very difficult due to difference of the ground condition and the type of a bolt to be used. First of all, the type, the number, etc. of bolts used in various tunnel construction sites, investigated, are analyzed. The relationship between bolt and ground condition could not be found because bolts have been used with the other support methods in many cases. In the laboratory test and numerical analysis based on the site investigation, the behavior of ground and pipes installed on the tunnel face to support has been examined. Especially, the installed number is focused on. According to the result of tests, the surface settlement and the axial displacement of the face decrease exponentially as the number of installed bolts increases.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.175-190
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• 1998

The formation of Chinese Town in Malacca of Malaysia and Singapore would explain that Chinese gradually played an important role of commerce and urban service according to the Western European advance to southeast Asia and the construction of colonial cities from the 16th century to 19th and massed residence in many cites of southeast Asia. Chinese was usually separated from the Western European by western colonial policy and city planning. Common architectural characteristics in Chinese towns of Malaysia can refer to the transmission of the Chinese architectural material, the combination of dwelling and commerce in a house and the space organization centered on a court or an air well in the narrow and long site, lying adjacent to street etc. The Chinese dwellings in Malaysia rooted with Chinese settlement in southeast Asia. The Chinese dwellings was not always a shop on 1th floor and a dwelling on 2nd floor before the 19th century. But as Chinese immigration and commercial activity progressed in earnest in the early of 19th century, the row house of Chinese for dwelling was autonomously changed to two functional shophouse for dwelling and commerce. Chinese row house can refer to the use of Malay regional material, change of symmetrical Chinese traditional housing type by the narrow and long site and the tendency of the eclectic elevation of Western and China. Another architectural characteristics of the shophouse is an appearance of the continuous verandah with a cover regulated by Stamford Raffles in Singapore. This regulation was applied to architecture in Chinese Town as Stamford Raffles constructed Singapore. It was spread to South China reversely and became the regulation of streetscape for the modern city. Shophouse of Chinese towns in Southeast Asia and south China can be understood by context of Chinese immigration, colonialism, housing type of commerce and dwelling and the Western European city planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

Although we have seen recently increasing number of eco-villages, any eco-village is not registered in Global Eco-village Network. It is important to review the definition of eco-villages and to provide useful basic information for future eco-villages. The main research aim is to analyze landscape characteristics of community garden and common spaces and to identify ecological symbolism of landscape created by residents in eco-villages. Seven eco-villages in Germany, Denmark and UK were selected and the following aspects were investigated through field survey; the settlement background, social and economical aspect, architectural specifications, recycled energy, and landscape characteristics of external spaces in eco-villages. The result indicated that the landscape of eco-village did intend neither to return to primitive society nor to control nature by technology. It intended to coexistence with nature. Primitive nature is symbolically restored and people who have it in mind strongly intend to grow together this common sense. Landscape creation has important role in creating common relationship between human living and nature. When we regard it conceptually as the eco-symbolism in landscape design of community garden, it presented the meaningful relationship with landscape and human life. It is not expression of landscape materiality and designed form but sense of place and landscape image. Landscape design would be expected to reveal the life stage and cycle from designed physical form and materiality through as time goes by when it is part of environmental circulation process by means of human living as meaningful relationship.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.4 s.32
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• pp.71-86
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• 2002

Since Modern period which is characterized by the governing of technology and capitalism, the production and aesthetics of building became a main issue of architectural discourse. Morever, Modern architecture tends to be a kind of media in which the visual image of building plays a far more important role than building itself. Institutionalized discipline of Architecture in modern system set aside the dwelling aspect of building and destructed close relationship between dwelling and building. This study analyzes the essential meaning of dwelling with a viewpoint of building and vise virsa in order to have a deep reflection on contemporary architecture and modern crisis of dwelling. For this purpose this study first reviewed linguistic and mythical narratives on the origin of dwelling and building. Secondly, reviewed the thought of Heidegger on dwelling and building and his thinking on authenticity of dwelling. Thirdly, reviewed drastic change of idea and reality of dwelling recent days, especially from settlement to nomad. Lastly reviewed E. Levinas' thinking on bodily dwelling or primordial mode of dwelling before poetic dwelling of Heidegger. With these review we can figure out following things on dwelling and building. Physical building or its visual image can not take the place of dwelling in itself. Dwelling and Building happens simultaneously and understood as an event in life world. Today's alienation of dwelling from building reduced our conception of architecture to a physical setting and mere technique. Building must be a ontological and cultural phenomenon beyond physical building. Nomad in this age of information and globalization may be a new mode of dwelling. But it can not exclude traditional way of dwelling on concrete space, because human being as a physical being can not abandon dwelling place that gives a primordial comfort with and within our body.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.39-49
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• 2015

In this study, a series of centrifuge tests were performed in order to observe the bearing capacity of waveform micropile, a new concept of micropile that uses a modified jet grouting process. A total of six models were considered, conventional micropile, jet grouted pile, and four different shapes of waveform micropiles. The test results indicated that the waveform micropile effectively contributes to the increase of the bearing capacity compared to the micropile without the shear keys. Among the waveform micropiles, the model that has a relatively small space between the shear keys showed the most significant improvement of load capacity. Additionally, the ultimate load capacities of all piles were compared using well-known estimation method. As a result, P-S curve method and total settlement method with 25.4 mm were considered suitable to account ultimate load for the waveform micropile.