• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

In order to give back-to-farm residents the stable settlement environment in the rural area, the 'community village' is desirable as the village type and its village planning guideline should be supported as well. The purpose of this study was to develop a guideline for the planning of back-to-farm community village in the living and social environmental aspects, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. The guideline for the living environment was developed for 6 items; village structure(adequate size, lot, outer space for household), village landscape(allocation, space composition), road system and transportation(parking lot in village, placement of bus stops, village trail, public transportation, road and pedestrian system), common living facilities and common space(number, size, location & placement, plan type, planning type of common facilities), transfer space, individual housing(type, size, planning type). The guideline for the social environment was developed for 3 items; village making and establishment(resident participation type, resident participation tool, residents' construction participation) and resident education in the course of planning, resident participation(gathering resident opinion, decision making, composition of construction committee, community newsletter).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2002

This research is to analyze the spatial organization of a traditional rural community and its characteristics, the case of Hanbam village located in the north of Daegu city. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1. The difference between private space and public space in the residential area of Hanbam village is obvious, and these two spaces are organically related each other by means of road. These spaces have some spatial characteristics of organization, such as center, hierarchy and sequence. 2. The private space consists of a residence module and a farming area in the settlement, and it is clearly farmed by the firm fence of rocks and by surrounding roads. Fruit-bearing trees such as Pyrus pyrifolia, Cornus officinalis, Diospyros kaki, Juglans sinensis are planted at the boundary. And most of residences are composed of a building, a inner court and farming fields. 3. The public space for the community mainly functions as ‘a meeting place’for residents, and consists of recreational spaces, ceremonial spaces, community facilities, and social facilities. Among these, Jeong-ja(pavilion), Seong-an Soop(forest) and Dae-chong(building for common use) are of great cultural value as important traditional spaces. 4. Two kinds of road are commonly fecund in the village; spontaneously generated one and planned one. This is straight inner streets and access paths to the village, and that is curvilinear alleys which are connected to Dae-chong, the core of village. Also stone walls and climbing plants on them are major elements of village landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

The purpose of this study, we tried to derive problems and implications for future improvement by analyzing the physical characteristics of extension and renovation to improve the settlement environment due to the old age of rural houses and understanding the current status of rural houses. In this study, literature research, prior research analysis, and field research were conducted to analyze the physical characteristics of rural housing retirement patterns and performance improvement. This study attempted to derive the current problems of rural housing and implications for future improvement by analyzing the physical characteristics of extension and renovation to improve the settlement environment in four villages near Jangdong-myeon, Jangheung-gun. The basic pension was the highest as a major source of income for householders in rural and fishing villages, because most of the four villages had a large number of elderly people who could not engage in agriculture. The proportion of residential and vacant houses over 30 years old was investigated to be high. As for the housing structure, it was analyzed that the higher the soil in the wood structure and wall material, and the higher the probability of vacant houses becoming vacant as the wood structure and wall material are cement blocks. An average of 20% of the space expansion was carried out to improve the residential environment of the target house. In terms of space composition ratio, 14% of individual spaces and 40.2% of common spaces accounted for the largest portion of houses with 45.8% of attached spaces, and among the attached spaces, the warehouse space, which is a storage space, was the largest and the largest number of extensions. In the target farming and fishing village houses, there was a lot of renovation of the roof due to leakage, and secondary repairs such as plating and floorboards were additionally carried out due to mold generation due to leakage. In addition, in order to solve the insulation problem, a double window replacement from a single window and an insulation material was added to the wall, resulting in a form of renovation using a material different from the existing wall material. Since durability due to aging is not guaranteed, a number of temporary repair cases have been confirmed by partial improvement.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제39권5_4호
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2023

Urban trees play an important role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, improving air quality, mitigating the urban heat island effect, and providing ecosystem services. To effectively manage and conserve urban trees, accurate spatial information on their location, condition, species, and population is needed. In this study, we propose an algorithm that uses a high-resolution urban tree cover map constructed from deep learning approach to separate trees from the urban land surface and accurately detect tree locations through local maximum filtering. Instead of using a uniform filter size, we improved the tree detection performance by selecting the appropriate filter size according to the tree height in consideration of various urban growth environments. The research output, the location and height of individual trees in human settlement over Suwon, will serve as a basis for sustainable management of urban ecosystems and carbon reduction measures.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.603-615
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• 2023

Population growth and urbanization prompted engineers to propose more sophisticated and efficient transportation methods, such as underground transit systems. However, due to limited urban space, it is necessary to construct these tunnels in close proximity to existing infrastructure like high-rise buildings and bridges. Battered piles have been widely used for their higher stiffness and bearing capacity compared to vertical piles, making them effective in resisting lateral loads from winds, soil pressures, and impacts. Considerable prior research has been concerned with understanding the vertical pile response to tunnel excavation. However, the three-dimensional effects of tunnelling on adjacent battered piled foundations are still not investigated. This study investigates the response of a single battered pile to tunnelling at three critical depths along the pile: near the pile shaft (S), next to the pile (T), and below the pile toe (B). An advanced hypoplastic model capable of capturing small strain stiffness is used to simulate clay behaviour. The computed results reveal that settlement and load transfer mechanisms along the battered pile, resulting from tunnelling, depend significantly on the tunnel's location relative the length of the pile. The largest settlement of the battered pile occurs in the case of T. Conversely, the greatest pile head deflection is caused by tunnelling near the pile shaft. The battered pile experiences "dragload" due to negative skin friction mobilization resulting from tunnel excavation in the case of S. The battered pile is susceptible to induced bending moments when tunnelling occurs near the pile shaft S whereas the magnitude of induced bending moment is minimal in the case of B.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2003

The purpose of this research explain the meaning of the environmental design principles and cultural landscape pattern(dualistic space organization) of the Hahoe(河回:winding river village) the Yangdong(良洞) traditional village. Village's space organizations based on Shamanism, fin-yang and Five elements principle, Feng-shui idea, social system and Confucian ideas. And it were accomplish curat landscape pattern(village:form+object=pattern) through the frame of settlement space. As a central persons of villages(the Hahoe $.$ the Yangdong) construction, Suhae(西厓) experienced tough Chunghyodang - Wonjichongsa - Ogyonchongsa - Pyongsansowon channel(忠孝堂 -遠志精舍 -玉端精含 -脣山書院) and Kyomam(謙 ) experienced tough Yangjindang - Binyeonchongsa - Kyomamchongsa - Hwachonsodang(養眞堂 - 賓淵精舍 - 謙庵f精舍 - 花川書堂) channel. Also Woojae(愚齋) experienced tough Suhbackdang - Khankachung - Dongkangsowon(書百堂 - 觀稼停 - 東江書院) and Hoejae(晦齋) experienced tough Moochumdang - Hyangdan - Oaksansowon(無添堂 - 香壇 - 玉山書院). It is space organization of themselves interact contrast and sequence principles with competition in good faith. And ecological art-space, that is, environmental spare organizations of traditional village has been reflected harmony between nature and artificiality, spatial rhythm and sequence, spatial hierarchy between upper classes and humble class, permeability space, asymmetrical balance, aesthetic space perception. The humble classes hold a ceremony Hahoe's Pyolsingut-Talnori(maskdance drama), Dangjae(堂祭:religious service) at the Dang(堂:shamanism spot) and Yangdong's Sohraesulnori, Hohminori. And the upper class hold a ceremony Hahoe's Julbulnori and Yangdong's Chungjanori connected with culture of confucianism. Specially, the cultural structure cf the village is evidence of a contrast between the upper class and the humble classes, time, method and location of ceremony(performance).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2011

In general, collections in museum are kept in storage according to a preservation and administration program in long or short term, after conservators' conservation treatment. Museum activities related to conservation science are common to do before and after exhibitions. That is, the museum collections include a flow mechanism, which circulate a space in where conservation science related activity is carried on centering around its storage. The purpose of this study is to suggest the design guidelines of a conservation area in a museum. The results of this study as follows. First, to program space planning, conservation area of museum is divided into 4 kinds of zone. Second, space for relics unloading in basically includes 'unloading room', 'control room', 'worker room', 'unpacking room', and 'unloading tools storage' and considers to install 'outdoor arrangement space', etc. In case of space for making relics collections, 'arrangement room' and 'temporary storage' are separately planned in order to arrange and temporarily store relics taken in. Conservation analysis space should be divided into 2 kinds of zone, 'conservation analysis lab' for analysis of collection characters and 'restoration lab' for conservation treatment in the bigger museum. In case of large-scale museum, conservation treatment space is basically classified with characters of museum collections. And it considers installing 'waterlogged wood lab', 'painting clothes treatment lab', 'storage of treated relics' etc. Third, for 'the spaces for analysis treatment', must consider activity contents and sizes of the department for scientific conservation every museum, can classify in detail required space, and must review the space for relics settlement in construction.

• Journal of architectural history
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.9-26
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• 1998

Architectural Drawing has been settled down the very effective means of exchanging their architectural ideas and data on the construction process. However, it was not easy to conserve the original drawings, which aims had been accomplished, at the same time, building was built. The same phenomena were occurred in our traditional architectural construction project, especially before pre-modern age. And do not understand soundly building documentation accepted by craftsmen in the period of earliest Chosun dynasty and how to present their idea and information of architectural as means of sketches and drawings. So, this paper aimed to clarify the drawing occurrence and the development steps of their rendering, representation methodology in the construction process in Sannungdogam-Uuigue, which were the construction documents of government based on the royal family's tomb and building projects in the late Chosun Dynasty. There are three development stages of architectural space representation, pre-drawing stage, drawing occurring stage and drawing settlement stage, They had been adapted unique drawing presentation method which were drawn by artisan, so called Doseol(圖說)and Painter Hwawon(畵員) The results are 1. In the Pre-drawing stage, they had been used the systematic explanation method of character 2. Do not have the evidence of adapting drawing before 17th centry, it was originated in early 17's century started with Onga(甕家). Onga's Drawing was drawn very elementary skill, and became development, settlement and standardization of their drawing representation around 19th century 3. The drawing presented by client's recognition view of space and building, integrated data within a sheet of drawing with practical and hierarchy and using graphic and description.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.247-260
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• 2002

This paper presents the design case of the 3-arch tunnel under Daejeon railroad station building. The original construction method was the underpinning method supported by pipe-roof, but it was changed to the mined tunnelling method because of the complex construction condition and the safety problem. This 3-arch tunnel has a width of 28 meters and a height of 10 meters. Overburden is only 23m and the ground around the tunnel is a weathered rock. The allowable settlements for the station building and some railroads are very strict. Accordingly, various measurements for the tunnel stability and the settlement minimization was applied and they were reviewed by 2-D and 3-D numerical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2017

Backfill grouting and realistic convergence distribution were not properly considered in previous studies on 2D numerical analysis of a shield TBM tunnel. In this study, a modeling method was suggested to cope with this problem by considering a realistic convergence distribution and proper properties of backfill grouting. To this end, the influence of gap parameter and depth of rock cover on volume loss and composed of ground volume loss around tunnel excavation and surface volume loss were analyzed with a single layer of weathered soil. As a result, most of surface settlements were occurred immediately after excavation. Additional, as depth of rock cover and gap parameter increased, the influence range of surface settlement curves obtained from 2D numerical analyses became broader than a suggested theoretical equation. Therefore, it is inferred that gap parameter should be applied based on load distribution ratio and the property of backfill grouting properly considered for the estimation of the precise behavior of a shield TBM tunnel in 2D numerical analysis.