• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2163-2169
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• 2010

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes and are known to be targets for nearly 50% of drugs. The various functions of GPCRs are affected by their cognate ligands which are mainly classified as agonists and antagonists. The purpose of this study is to develop a Bayesian classification model, that can predict a compound as either human GPCR agonist or antagonist. Total 6627 compounds experimentally determined as either GPCR agonists or antagonists covering all the classes of GPCRs were gathered to comprise the dataset. This model distinguishes GPCR agonists from GPCR antagonists by using chemical fingerprint, FCFP_6. The model revealed distinctive structural characteristics between agonistic and antagonistic compounds: in general, 1) GPCR agonists were flexible and had aliphatic amines, and 2) GPCR antagonists had planar groups and aromatic amines. This model showed very good discriminative ability in general, with pretty good discriminant statistics for the training set (accuracy: 90.1%) and a good predictive ability for the test set (accuracy: 89.2%). Also, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot showed the area under the curve (AUC) to be 0.957, and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) value was 0.803. The quality of our model suggests that it could aid to classify the compounds as either GPCR agonists or antagonists, especially in the early stages of the drug discovery process.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.113-144
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• 2010

The primary goal of this paper is to find a feasible way to answer the question: Does the similarity in meaning between verbs relate to the similarity in their subcategorization? In order to answer this question in a rather concrete way on the basis of a large set of English verbs, this study made use of various language resources, tools, and statistical methodologies. We first compiled a list of 678 verbs that were selected from the most and second most frequent word lists from the Colins Cobuild English Dictionary, which also appeared in WordNet 3.0. We calculated similarity measures between all the pairs of the words based on the 'jcn' algorithm (Jiang and Conrath, 1997) implemented in the WordNet::Similarity module (Pedersen, Patwardhan, and Michelizzi, 2004). The clustering process followed, first building similarity matrices out of the similarity measure values, next drawing dendrograms on the basis of the matricies, then finally getting 177 meaningful clusters (covering 437 verbs) that passed a certain level set by z-score. The subcategorization frames and their frequency values were taken from the ICE-GB. In order to calculate the Selectional Preference Strength (SPS) of the relationship between a verb and its subcategorizations, we relied on the Kullback-Leibler Divergence model (Resnik, 1996). The SPS values of the verbs in the same cluster were compared with each other, which served to give the statistical values that indicate how much the SPS values overlap between the subcategorization frames of the verbs. Our final analysis shows that the degree of overlap, or the relationship between semantic similarity and the subcategorization frames of the verbs in English, is equally spread out from the 'very strongly related' to the 'very weakly related'. Some semantically similar verbs share a lot in terms of their subcategorization frames, and some others indicate an average degree of strength in the relationship, while the others, though still semantically similar, tend to share little in their subcategorization frames.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2023

To the exact cover problem that remains NP-complete to which no polynomial time algorithm is made available, this paper proposes a linear time algorithm that yields an optimal solution. The proposed algorithm makes use of the set cover problem's major feature which states that "no identical element shall be included in more than one covering set". To satisfy this criterion, the proposed algorithm initially selects a subset with the minimum cardinality and deletes those that contain the cardinality identical to that of the selected subset. This process is repeatedly performed on remaining subsets until the final solution is obtained. Provided that the solution is unattainable, it selects subsets with the maximum cardinality and repeats the same process. The proposed algorithm has not only obtained the optimal solution with ease but also proved its wide applicability on N-queens problems, hence disproving the NP-completeness of the exact cover problem.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.502-509
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• 2010

A test facility which can simultaneously measure turbocharger operating condition variables and vibro-acoustic emission in the situations that are quite similar to real internal combustion engine operating conditions has been introduced. Using this facility, a new method sweeping from full open throttle to deep surge region along constant speed curves can be utilized instead of the stationary method that has been traditionally used to obtain turbocharger compressor maps. Data covering an extensive range of the compressor performance map have been collected and analyzed. An experimental study is performed to define a noise diagram that correlates vibro-acoustic measurements to aerothermodynamic operating conditions. An instrumentation set in the facility allows the automatic definition of the operating point on the turbine and compressor map of the turbocharger. Also, radiated sound pressure and casing vibration data corresponding to the point are obtained by a microphone in the vicinity of the compressor casing and an accelerometer on the casing. The major source(s) of noise at specific operating point on the map can be easily identified with these maps. Also, acoustic characteristics of a given turbocharger at the vicinity of the surge as well as in the surge are also defined. Finally, the possibility to define mild surge region of a turbocharger using vibro-acoustic measurements is studied.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.79-106
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• 2013

The world is significant increasing investment volume into developing countries from foreign investors. Foreign financial capital is searching in interesting place among the emerging market. However foreign investors put still their experience in the economical and social crisis with political risks in the host countries. MIGA entered into the political risks insurance market which has one of the basic matter of sponsored the private investment guarantee programs. They put guarantee or covering risks of currency inconvertibility, expropriation, breach of contract and political violence. In the case contracts of guarantee concluded between investor and MIGA which are disputes in relation to such MIGA service contract, it should be settled by negotiation, conciliation and arbitration under the convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA). All disputes within the scope to states and investor of MIGA members shall be settled in accordance with the procedure set out in the convention. Recently, MIGA is opening the office in Seoul to strengthen joint efforts between MIGA and Korea. It will be a good chance to consider sustainable improvement and dispute solutions for emerging countries in foreign investment to the korean investors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1267-1275
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• 2002

An experimental study was performed to investigate adiabatic wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient around a module cooled by forced air flow. The flow angle of attack to the module were 0$^{\circ}$and 45$^{\circ}$. In the first method, inlet air flow(1~7m/s) and input power.(3, 5, 7W) were varied after a heated module was placed on an adiabatic floor(320$\times$550$\times$1㎣). An adiabatic wall temperature was determinated to use liquid crystal film. In the second method to determinate heat transfer coefficient, inlet air flow(1~7m/s) and the heat flux of rubber heater(0.031~0.062W/$m^2$) were varied after an adiabatic module was placed on rubber heater covering up an adiabatic floor. Additional information is visualized by an oil-film method of the surface flow on the floor and the module. Plots of $T_{ad}$ and $h_{ad}$ show marked effects of flow development from the module and dispersion of thermal wake near the module. Certain key features of the data set obtained by this investigation may serve as a benchmark for thermal-design codes based on CFD.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2004

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an e cient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with arti cial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of polymers, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, and provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven types of actuator modules such as eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is su cient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, angry, disgust, sadness, and happiness. Each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol and according to the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.3 s.31
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• pp.316-323
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• 1990

To analyze of determinants influencing the utilization of the rural health sub-centers (HSCs), 116 of 144 HSCs in Kyong Gi Do, were selected for this study. The self-administered questionnaire covering the environment and the characteristics of doctors working in the HSCs was sent to HSCs by mail. 105 questionnaires were returned of which 88 were completed and use in the study. The dependant variable was the total number of medical care visits to the HSCs from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 1990. Data was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows : First, the more time required to set from the HSCs to nearest hospital or clinic, the higher the utilization of the HSCs. Second, the more geographically accessible the HSCs was, the more utilization the HSCs. Third, the older of the HSCs doctors were, the more utilization of the HSCs. Fourth, the higher frequency of bus service from the HSCs to town, the more utilization of the HSCs. Fifth, the more time required from the HSCs to town, the more utilization of the HSCs. Therefore, the determinants influencing the utilization of the rural HSCs in Kyong-Gi Do, are mostly geographical accessibility of medical care.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.42 no.4 s.142
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• pp.322-329
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• 2005

Viscous flows behind transom stern are analyzed based on CFD simulation results. Stern wave pattern is often complicated due to the abrupt change of stern surface curvature and flow separation at transom. When a ship advances at high speed, whole transom stern is exposed out of water, resulting in the so-called 'dry transom'. However, in the moderate speed regime, stern wave development in conjunction of flow separation makes unstable wavy surface partially covering transom surface, i.e., the so-called 'wetted transom'. Transom wave formation is usually affecting the resistance characteristics of a ship, since the pressure contribution on transom surface as well as the wave-making resistance is changed. Flow modeling for 'wetted transom' is difficult, while the 'dry transom modeling' is often applied for the high-speed vessels. In the present study CFD results from the RANS equation solver using a finite volume method with level-set treatment are utilized to assess the topology of transom flow pattern for a destroyer model (DTMB5415) and a container ship (KCS). It is found that transom flow patterns are quite different for the two ships, in conformity to the shape of submerged transom. Furthermore, the existence of free surface seems to after the flow topology in case of KCS.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-98
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• 2011

Water problems recently, not only influence environmental issues such as water quality and water management but also influence socioeconomic issues such as poverty, gender, and regional conflicts. Therefore there is increasing attention on water education as part of the environmental education. Yet water education in formal education is only treated with particular subjects like science and social studies with limited contents which fails to cover the social, economic problems related to water thoroughly. Also, though there is an active water education on the field of informal education. its contents are also very limited. Water education requires the implementation of a comprehensive and holistic approach that can holistically consider economic and social problems as well as environmental problems. Therefore in this research, 'water education for sustainable development' is set up as a direction of contents development which include interdisciplinary and holistic aspects. Contents development of water education for sustainable development is an reflection of the experts and teacher's opinions and contain of: main category dividing into three pillars of sustainable development such as environment, economy, and society, and subcategory covering environmental science's objective including knowledge, skill, attitude, and action as well as local, national, regional, and global issues.