• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.376-381
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• 2008

Among various service characteristics, the physical environment is one of important contributors to service quality. In public service buildings, public community facilities serve as arena for education, social interaction, leisure, health activities for community districts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical state of public community facilities and expectations of users toward physical environment and service aspects. Site visits to four public community facilities and survey method were conducted for this study. One hundred ninety two questionnaires were analyzed. It is found that the majority of users are housewives and live near the community facilities. In order to provide more equal benefits and service to the public, it is suggested that smaller facilities should be provided in several sites instead of providing a large complex community facility to one area. Facility users indicated larger gaps between expectation and current state of the facilities regarding lack of storage, noise and ease to use. In general, physical characteristics should be more improved than employee's attitude and service behavior, which result in service quality.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1999

A new approximation method for finding the steady-state probabilities of the number of customers present in queueing systems with Poisson arrivals and two servers with different deterministic service times with infinite waiting room capacity is developed. The major assumption made for the approximation is that the residual service times of the servers have mutually independent uniform distributions with densities equal to the reciprocals of the respective service times. The method reflects the heterogeneity of the servers only through the ratio of their service times, irrespective of the actual magnitudes and difference. The transition probability matrix is established and the steady-state probabilities are found for a variety of traffic intensities and ratios of the two service times; also the mean number of customers present in the system and in the queue, and server utilizations are found and tabulated. The method was validated by simulation and turned out to be very sharp.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권sup1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory disease that has been announced as a pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak has changed the way we live. It has also changed the food service industry. This study aimed to identify trends in the food and food service industry after the COVID-19 outbreak and suggest research themes induced by industry trends. This study investigated the industry and academic information on the food and food service industry and societal trends resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. The most noticeable changes in the food industry include the explosive increase in home meal replacement, meal-kit consumption, online orders, take-out, and drive-through. The adoption of technologies, including robots and artificial intelligence, has also been noted. Such industry trends are discussed in this paper from a research perspective, including consumer, employee, and organizational strategy perspectives. This study reviews the changes in the food service industry after COVID-19 and the implications that these changes have rendered to academia. The paper concludes with future expectations that would come in the era of COVID-19.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2018

Purpose: This study attempted to analyze how the ego state of flight attendants affects their job satisfaction and customer orientation using Berne's (1966) transactional analysis and further compare the difference between job satisfaction and customer orientation depending on demographic characteristics, position, and ego state. Methods: The data was collected by using the structured questionnaires to flight attendant of major airline companies. The proposed research model is tested using 164 valid questionnaires using SPSS 23 and Smart PLS 2. Results: This research indicated the only free child ego sate among ego state factors of flight attendant was found to have a positive impact on job satisfaction. In the relationship between ego states and customer orientation, all ego state factors were found to have a significant influence on customer orientation. Conclusions: The study offered a theoretical and empirical foundation for future research by empirically identifying the relationship between ego state factors and customer orientation in the in-flight service and suggested the strategic implications to increase job satisfaction and customer orientation based on the psychology and ego state of flight attendant.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.306-320
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• 2015

Due to an explosive growth in services running in different datacenters, there is need for service selection and routing to deliver user requests to the best service instance. In current solutions, it is generally the client that must first select a datacenter to forward the request to before an internal load-balancer of the selected datacenter can select the optimal instance. An optimal selection requires knowledge of both network and server characteristics, making clients less suitable to make this decision. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) research solved a similar selection problem for static data retrieval by integrating content delivery as a native network feature. We address the selection problem for services by extending the ICN-principles for services. In this paper we present Queue and Latency, a network-driven service selection algorithm which maps user demand to service instances, taking into account both network and server metrics. To reduce the size of service router forwarding tables, we present a statistical method to approximate an optimal load distribution with minimized router state required. Simulation results show that our statistical routing approach approximates the average system response time of source-based routing with minimized state in forwarding tables.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1606-1609
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• 2002

MAC state models appeared with an effort to overcome technical demerits of CDMA in provisioning packet data service. In the scenario of sojourn and transition on MAC states, the design of state sojourn time is a critical issue for an efficient utilization of limited recource; a longer sojourn time leads to more resource being preserved for inactive stations, while more connection components should be recovered with a shorter sojourn time. Thus, the sojourn time at each MAC state must be optimized in consideration of these two conflicting arguments. In this paper, we first present a generic MAC state model. Secondly, based on the generic model, we reveal a relation of inactive period and the delay time of the last packet served in pre- ceding active period and specify a loss function reflect-ing two antinomic features that result from a change of state sojourn time. Using the proposed loss function, we construct a decision problem to find an optima3 rule for state sojourn times. Finally, we present a way of computing Bayes rule by use of the posterior distribution of inactivity duration for given observation on the delay time of last packet. Furthermore, Bayes rules are explicitly expressed for special arrival processes and investigated with respect to traffic load and loss parameters.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2006

호스(Hose) 모델 기반 VPN(Virtual Private Network) QoS(Quality of Service)를 지원하기 위한 자원준비(Provisioning) 메커니즘들 가운데, VPN 차원 상태 정보(VPN-specific state) 자원준비는 서비스 제공자에게 높은 다중화(Multiplexing) 이점을 제공한다는 장점을 가진다. 그러나, VPN 차원 상태 정보 자원준비를 위한 적합한 자원예약 프로토콜이 없기 때문에 VPN 차원 상태 정보 자원준비를 위한 동적 자동 자원예약이 어렵다. 또한, VPN 차원 상태 정보 자원준비에 의해 예약된 자원은 LAN에 접속되어 있는 호스트들이 LAN 대역폭을 공유하는 것과 유사한 방식으로 동일한 VPN에 속하는 사용자들이 공유하기 때문에 동일한 VPN에 속하는 사용자 간에 불공정한 자원 사용이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 VPN 차원 상태 정보 자원준비에 따라 동적 자동 자원 예약을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 자원예약 프로토콜을 제안하고, 혼잡 발생 시에 동일한 VPN에 속하는 사용자 간에 예약된 자원을 공정하게 사용할 수 있도록 하는 트래픽 서비스 메커니즘을 제안한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.3945-3964
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• 2015

Since the decentralized structure and the blindness of a large-scale wireless network make it difficult to collect the real-time channel state or other information from random distributed relays, a fundamental question is whether it is feasible to perform the relay selection without this knowledge. In this paper, a Slotted ALOHA based Greedy Relay Selection (SAGRS) scheme is presented. The proposed scheme allows the relays satisfying the user's minimum transmission request to compete for selection by randomly accessing the channel through the slotted ALOHA protocol without the need for the information collection procedure. Moreover, a greedy selection mechanism is introduced with which a user can wait for an even better relay when a suitable one is successfully stored. The optimal access probability of a relay is determined through the utilization of the available relay region, a geographical region consisting of all the relays that satisfy the minimum transmission demand of the user. The average number of the selection slots and the failure probability of the scheme are analyzed in this paper. By simulations, the validation and the effectiveness of the SAGRS scheme are confirmed. With a balance between the selection slots and the instantaneous rate of the selected relay, the proposed scheme outperforms other random access selection schemes.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제8호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2004

The current consitutional law 29-1 is ordaining the State Tort Liability for the illegal action of public service personnel. Based on this regulation, the State Tort Liability Act 2-1 actualizes by indicating, the nation or the local self-governing community is responsible for the public service personnels damaging others during their office hours whether it is accidental or intentional. However, the same law is considered to be inappropriate for the damage relief. In order to supplement this problem, through examinations at both theoretical and systematic levels of Prima facie as well as the objectification and standardization of the damages are required for the national compensation for the police action. According to the objectification and standardization of the damage theory, the faulty actions of the public service personnel are the defects occurred during the office hours. In the case of the police action that frequently uses infringement administration, invading the liberty and rights of the people, it is necessary to interpret faulty damages during the office duties more comprehensively so as to extend its scope of the ordinary public service personnel accidental illegality. In order to warrant effectiveness of the securing the rights, it is crucial to distinguish whether the faulty actions are accidental or intentional. When proven to be damages by illegal police action, the police personnel is responsible for the faults, called Prima facie, the nation is liable for the damage relief.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.186-189
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• 2019

본 기법(CORD)은 2016년부터 착수한 한국형 e-Navigation사업 중 한화시스템의 대용량 데이터 처리 플랫폼(Data Service Platform, 이하 DSP)의 현장 운용성을 증대시키기 위해 실시간으로 DSP의 상태를 진단하는 알고리즘이다. 항해 중인 선박이 DSP에 요청하는 다양한 서비스에 즉시 응답하기 위해서는 DSP의 논리적, 물리적 오류 발생 가능한 상황을 인지하고 부하를 최소화하여 DSP가 항상 정상상태를 유지하도록 하는 것이 중요하며, 이는 현장 운용성을 극대화, 즉 끊김없는(Seamless) 서비스의 제공과 일맥상통한다. 따라서 DSP의 자원 및 동작 상태를 실시간으로 감시하고 다수의 선박요청을 최적으로 재구성하여 DSP의 정상상태를 유지시키는 기능을 구현함으로써, 선박 요청에 대한 DSP의 응답소요시간의 저감 및 선박 서비스의 제공 성공률을 비약적으로 향상시켜 DSP의 운용성 증가를 실현하게 하였다.