• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.99-143
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• 2016

General aviation and air transport are two wings of the civil aviation industry. Chinese air transport is developing rapidly, and has become the world second air transport system only second to US since 2005. However, Chinese civil aviation is far behind the world average level, and cannot meet requirements of economic construction and social development. The transition and structural adjustment of Chinese economy provide the general aviation with a unprecedented broad market. The prospect of general aviation is promising and anticipated. The development of general aviation industry needs the legislative supports, and the current legislative conditions of Chinese general aviation are undoubtedly far behind the realistic requirements. Accelerating the legislation in Chinese general aviation industry requires scientific legislation concept. First, Legislation must promote development of general aviation industry. The general aviation will serves as a Chinese emerging industry that boosts domestic demand, promotes employment and expedite domestic economic development. We should, based on both the concept of promoting the industrial development of general aviation and national industrial planning, enact and rectify relative laws and regulations. And we should also straighten out the relationship between aviation security and industrial development and promote the revolution of low-altitude airspace management in an all-round way, in order to improve the utilization rate of airspace resources, classify and establish airspace, simplify examination and approval procedure and intensify operation management. In addition, what we should do is to expedite the infrastructure layout construction, guide the differentiated but coordinated development of general aviation industries in various areas, establish a united supervision mechanism of general aviation, redistrict the responsibilities of Chinese Air Control Agency and set up legislation, law enforcement and judicial systems with clarified institutions, clear positioning and classified responsibilities, so as to usher in a new era of the legislative management of Chinese general aviation industry. Second, shift the focus from regulations to both regulations and services. Considering the particularity of the general aviation, we should use American practices for reference and take into account both regulation and service functions when enacting general aviation laws. For example, we should reduce administrative licensing and market supervision, and adopt "criteria" and "approval" management systems for non-commercial and commercial aviation. Furthermore, pay attention to social benefits. Complete social rescuing mechanism through legislation. It should be clarified in legislation that general aviation operators should take the responsibilities of, and ensure to realize social benefits of environmental protection and ecological balance .Finally, rise in line with international standards. Modify Chinese regulations which is inconsistent with international ones to remove barriers to international cooperation. Specify basic legislative principles. One is the principle of coordination. Realize coordination between the civil aviation and general aviation, between military aviation and civil aviation, and among departments. Two is the principle of pertinence. The general aviation has its own rules and specialties, needing to be standardized using specialized laws and regulations. Three is the principle of efficiency. To realize time and space values of general aviation, we should complete rules in aerospace openness, general aviation airport construction, general aviation operations, and regulation enforcement. Four is the principle of security. Balance the maximum use of resources of Chinese airspace and the according potential threats to Chinese national interests and social security, and establish a complete insurance system which functions as security defense and indemnificatory measure. Establish a unified legal system. Currently, the system of Chinese general aviation laws consists of national legislation, administrative laws and regulations and civil aviation regulations (CAR). Some problems exist in three components of the system, including too general content, unclear guarantee measures, incomplete implementation details, and lacking corresponding pertinence and flexibility required by general aviation regulations, stringency of operation management and standards, and uniformity of standards. A law and regulation system, centered on laws and consisting of administrative laws regulations, industrial regulations, implementation details, industrial policies and local laws and regulations, should be established. It is suggested to modify the Civil Aviation Law to make general aviation laws complete, enact the Regulations of General Aviation Development, and accelerate the establishment, modification and abolition of Chinese general aviation laws to intensify the coordination and uniformity of regulations.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권9호
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• pp.313-340
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• 2011

The National Defense Reformation bill of "National Defense Reformation 2020" which have been constantly disputed and reformed by the government went through various levels of complementary measures after the North Korean sinking on the Republic of Korea (ROK) Naval Vessel "Cheonan". The final outcome of this reform is also known as the 307 Plan and this was announced on the 8th March. The reformed National Defense Reformation is to reduce the number of units and military personnel under the military structure reformation. However, in order for us to undertake successful National Defense Reformation, the use of privatized civilian resources are essential. Therefore according to this theory, the ROK Ministry of National Defense (MND) have selected the usage of privatized resources as one of the main core agenda for the National Defense Reformation management procedures, and under this agenda the MND plans to further expand the usage of private Especially the MND plans to minimize the personnel resources applied in non-combat areas and in turn use these supplemented personnel with optimization. In order to do this, the MND have initiated necessary appropriate analysis over the whole national defense section by understanding various projects and acquisition requests required by each militaries and civilian research institutions. However for efficient management of privatized civilian resources, first of all, those possible efficient private resources which can achieve optimization will need to be identified, and secondly continuous systematic reinforcements will need to be made in private resource usage legislations. Furthermore, we would need to consider the possibility of labor disputes because of privatization expansion. Therefore, full legal and systematic complementary measures are required in all possible issue arising areas which can affect the combat readiness posture. There is another problem of huge increase in operational expenses as reduction of standby forces are only reducing the number of soldiers and filling these numbers with more cost expensive commissioned officers. However, to overcome this problem, we would need to reduce the number of positions available for active officers and fill these positions with military reserve personnel who previously had working experiences with the related positions (thereby guaranteeing active officers re-employment after completing active service). This would in tum maintain the standards of combat readiness posture and reduce necessary financial budgets which may newly arise. The area of maintenance, supply, transportation, training & education duties which are highly efficient when using privatized resources, will need to be transformed from military management based to civilian management based system. For maintenance, this can be processed by integrating National Maintenance Support System. In order for us to undertake this procedure, we would need to develop maintenance units which are possible to be privatized and this will in turn reduce the military personnel executing job duties, improve service quality and prevent duplicate investments etc. For supply area, we will need to establish Integrated Military Logistics Center in-connection with national and civilian logistics system. This will in turn reduce the logistics time frame as well as required personnel and equipments. In terms of transportation, we will need to further expand the renting and leasing system. This will need to be executed by integrating the National Defense Transportation Information System which will in turn reduce the required personnel and financial budgets. Finally for training and education, retired military personnel can be employed as training instructors and at the military academy, further expansion in the number of civilian professors can be employed in-connection with National Defense Reformation. In other words, more active privatized civilian resources will need to be managed and used for National Defense Reformation.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2001

The history of rehabilitation of disabilities in Korea began with the foreigners and missionaries who were interested in it after Korean War. In 1981, Disabled Persons Welfare Act was enacted and the 88 Paralympics brought the nations attention to the welfare and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. Since then, the facilities and the services for the disabled persons have expanded rapidly and the rehabilitation treatment and nursing intervention are drawing more attention. Against this background, the survey on the current status of disabilities, welfare service, facilities, and rehabilitation nursing was conducted. The results of this survey are as follows. 1. According to the 2000 census of disabilities, the number of persons with disabilities in Korea is estimated at 1,449,500, or 3.09% of the entire Korean population, 0.74% up from 2.35% in 1995. 2. Disability Types in 2000 The 2000 census showed that the persons with disabilities numbered 1,449,496 out of the total population and 1,024,371 persons are registered for disability, making up 70.7% of the estimated disabled population. Among them, physically disabled persons accounted for the largest 41.7% (605,127) and mentally retarded persons stood at the smallest 9% (13,481). 3. Percentage of Disability Presence The survey showed that more than 90% of disability were acquired. However, 44.8% of mental disability and 61.4% of hearing/speaking disability were not acquired after birth. This means that these disabilities happened by congenital cause or birth accident. 4. Yearly Figure of Registered Disabled Persons In 1989, 218,601 persons registered for disability and, in 2000, the number increased by 4.7 times to 1,024,371. These figures are different from the actual number of disabled persons. According to the 1995 census, 1,053,486 were disabled persons but only 378,323registered for disability. And, in the 2000 census, 1,024,371 out of the 1,449,496 of disabled persons registered for disability. 5. Welfare Service for Persons with Disability 62.6% of the total disabled people are registered and physically disabled persons accounted for the highest percentage of 96.7%. 26.5% of non-registered disabled people said that they didnt know the registration procedure. The rest of them replied that they didnt think they were disabled or that registration didnt seem to give any benefits. 6. Welfare Policies for Disabled Persons The welfare benefits given to the disabled are as follows: Issuance of disabled sign for car drivers, Permission to use LPG fuel, Communication fee reduction, Tax exemption related to cars, Reduction of public facility fees, Household allowance, Tax reduction or exemption, Medical allowance and education subsidy for children, and Housing. 7. Current Condition of Welfare Facilities by Disability Type The welfare institutions for disabilities numbered 188 in total and they can accommodate 16,823 persons. Categories of these institutions are physical disability(37), visual disability(10), hearing/speaking disability(14), mental retardation(59), and sanatoriums(68). 8. Human Resource of Rehabilitation of Disabilities Advanced education programs include rehabilitation nursing in its curriculum and this was selected as the program of Korean Academic Society of Nursing in 1990. In November 1997, Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing was launched and many academic meeting and seminars were held. This organization is also making efforts to develop the education program for qualified rehabilitation nursing professionals and to develop the standards of rehabilitation nursing practice. In the professionals of the rehabilitation, there are rehabilitation specialist, physical therapist, speech therapist, occupational therapist. It is needed to come up with the measures to supply stable human resources following the demand of disabled persons and to recognize the private certificates for rehabilitation professionals as official ones after reviewing the education and training programs of private institutions. 9. Rehabilitation Nursing 1) Rehabilitation nursing was taught as an independent subject in 11 undergraduate programs and 9 graduate programs. 2) Research on rehabilitation nursing in Korea were 24 experimental research and 11 non-experimental research. The intervention of experimental research were mostly education and exercise rehabilitation programs. 3) In the three rehabilitation hospitals, nursing is divided into two categories, direct nursing and education & counseling. Direct nursing includes tracheostomy or nasogastric tube care, urination and defication, skin care, pain control, complication prevention and care, prevention of injury from a fall, etc.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-53
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• 2021

해양연구를 위해 사용하는 연구선은 계획된 연구해역으로 이동하여 연구목적에 맞는 해양관측을 수행한다. 한국해양과학기술원(KIOST, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)이 보유하고 있는 5척의 연구선에는 항해 중에 상시 관측할 수 있는 GPS, 수심, 기상, 표층 수온 및 염분 측정 장비가 탑재되어 있다. 이러한 상시관측 장비를 통해 생산되는 데이터를 체계적으로 관리하고 활용하기 위한 정보 플랫폼이 요구된다. 따라서 연구선 운항계획에서부터 연구선 운항 중 관측, 데이터수집, 데이터처리, 데이터저장, 표출 및 제공서비스에 이르는 일련의 업무 분석을 통해 업무절차를 정의하였다. 업무 절차의 각 단계 별 기능 설계를 거친 후, WebGIS 기반의 정보 플랫폼인 KUMOS(KIOST Underway Meteorological & Oceanographic Information System)를 구축하였다. 연구선 항해 중에 생산되는 데이터는 시·공간적 변화가 있는 특성이 있어 이러한 변동성을 고려한 데이터의 품질관리 체계를 개발하였다. 데이터의 체계적인 관리와 서비스를 위해 KUMOS 통합DB를 구축하고 연구선 항적, 데이터 표출, 검색 및 제공 등의 기능을 구현하였다. KUMOS에서 제공하는 데이터 셋은 연구선의 항해 별 운항결과리포트(cruise report), 원시데이터(raw data), 품질관리 플래그(Quality Control(QC) flagged data) 데이터, 필터 데이터(filtered data), 항적도 데이터(cruise track line), 데이터 리포트(cruise data report) 등으로 구성되어있다. 본 연구를 통해 개발한 KUMOS의 기능 별 업무처리 절차와 체계는 연구선 항해 중 상시관측이 가능한 연구선을 보유하고 있는 국내 해양관련 기관 및 대학에도 벤치마킹 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-169
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 한국문화관광연구원에서 조사된 "2013년~2015년 외래 관광객 실태조사"의 약 36,000개 데이터에 대한 빅 데이터 분석을 통해 관광산업 활성화 방안을 도출해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해서 외래 관광객들의 '전반적 만족도', '재방문 의사', '추천의사' 변수에 가장 많은 영향을 끼치는 요인을 분석하고 해당 요인들의 각각에 대한 영향력에 대해 파악 하였다. 본 연구에서는 SPSS IBM Modeler 16.0의 의사결정나무(C5.0, CART, CHAID, QUEST), 인공신경망, 로지스틱 회귀분석의 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 종속변수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 상위 변수 7개씩을 각각 도출하였고, 추가적으로 각 독립변수들의 영향력을 심도 있게 파악하기 위하여 R프로그래밍을 활용하여 SPSS IBM Modeler 16.0을 통해 도출된 각 독립변수들의 영향력을 파악하였다. 데이터 분석 결과 '전반적 만족도'에 가장 영향을 미치는 상위 변수 7개는 관광지매력도, 음식만족도, 숙박만족도, 교통수단만족도, 안내서비스만족도, 방문관광지수, 국가로 나타났으며 가장 큰 영향력을 미친 변수는 음식만족도와 관광지매력도로 분석되었다. '재방문 의사'에 가장 영향을 미치는 상위 변수 7개로는 국가, 여행 동기, 활동, 음식만족도, 제일 좋았던 활동, 관광안내서비스만족도, 관광지매력도로 나타났으며 그중 가장 큰 영향력을 미친 변수는 음식만족도와 여행 동기로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 '추천의사'에 영향을 미치는 상위 변수 7개로는 국가, 관광지매력도, 방문관광지수, 음식만족도, 활동, 관광안내서비스만족도, 비용으로 나타났으며 가장 큰 영향력을 미친 변수는 국가, 관광지매력도, 음식만족도로 분석되었다. 따라서 세 변수에 공통적으로 영향을 끼치는 요인은 음식만족도, 관광지매력도로 분석되었으며 해당 요인들이 공통적으로 한국여행에 대한 전반적 만족도와 재방문 의사, 추천의사에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 외래 관광객들의 한국관광에 대한 활성화 방안을 "외래 관광객 실태조사" 빅 데이터 분석을 통해 규명함으로써 한국 관광 데이터 분석의 활용과 관광 정책 수립의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 향후 기업 및 국가차원에서 한국 관광발전에 기여할 수 있는 활성화 방안을 마련하는 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제70호
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• pp.435-466
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• 2018

사옹원(司饔院) 분원(分院)의 공인(貢人)이었던 지규식이 1891년 1월 1일부터 1911년 윤6월 29일까지 20년 7개월에 걸쳐 거의 매일 쓴 "하재일기(荷齋日記)"에는 국내외 정세와 풍속, 의례, 분원 관련 각종 제반사항, 일상생활사 등을 다방면에 걸쳐 다양하게 기록으로 남기고 있다. 특히 지규식의 신분은 양반계층이 아닌바, 이 같은 신분으로 쓴 일기는 흔치 않다. 그런데 필자가 여기서 주목하는 것은 "하재일기"에 기록된 의례, 그 중에서도 관 혼 상 제례 관련 내용이다. 지규식은 양반이 아닌 신분으로 당시 실제로 행했던 관 혼 상 제례 관련 내용을 "하재일기"에 기록으로 남겼는바, 이러한 일기는 매우 드물 뿐만 아니라 자료적으로도 그 가치가 매우 높이 평가된다. 특히 19세기 말~20세기 초의 관 혼 상 제례의 일면을 엿볼 수 있어 여기에 초점을 맞추었다. 관례의 경우, 일반적으로 정월에 행했는데, 이 시기에는 시행시기의 다변화된 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. 이는 일부 양반가도 예외는 아니었다. 혼례의 경우, 혼사를 논의할 때 개화되어 가는 과정 때문에 그런 것인지는 몰라도 파기하는 경우가 종전보다 흔했던 것으로 보인다. 그리고 택일도 신부 집에서 정했던 것은 아니었던 것 같다. 그리고 중인들이나 평민들의 경우, 신부 집에서 혼례를 치렀지만, 부득이 한 경우에는 신랑 집에서 혼례를 치루기도 했던 것으로 보인다. 지규식 자녀들의 혼례는 전통적 절차를 비교적 충실하게 밟고 있었지만, 양가의 형편과 사정에 따라 유동적으로 적용한 것으로 보인다. 전통적 예법을 무시한 채, 상중에 혼례를 치르거나 신부를 데려와 신랑 집에서 혼례를 거행한 것은, 근대화 과정에서 외래 종교 및 외래문화의 유입과 이식, 일제의 식민통치, 특히 유교적 사회질서 쇠퇴 등도 연관성이 있는 것으로 보인다. 그리고 이 시기에는 이혼도 종전보다 흔했던 것 같다. 상례의 경우, 임종에서 발인하여 하관까지의 기간이 다양한바, 종전보다 다소 변화된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 사대부도 보통 임종서 발인까지 3개월인데, 여기서는 7일인바 이를 안 지키는 양반가도 있었던 것으로 보인다. 그리고 오늘날 일반적으로 행하는 3일장과 초우 재우 삼우제의 흔적을 "하재일기"에서 찾을 수 있는바, 위의 자료들은 그 가치가 매우 높이 평가된다. 제례의 경우, 제사 시간이 일정하지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, 지규식은 기제사를 지내기 전에 재계(齋戒)를 안 했으며, 심지어 제사 전날 술집에 가서 애인을 만나거나 또는 술을 마시기도 하였다. 당시 양반사대부가 하고는 다소 차이를 보이고 있다. 그런데 지규식은 기독교에 입교하고 나서도 기제사를 지냈으며, 천도교에 입교한 후에도 제사를 지냈다. 한편, 지규식은 특별한 경우를 제외하고는 한식과 추석 때 직접 또는 동생이나 아들들을 보내 묘소에 가서 차례(묘제)를 지내게 했다. 그렇다고 지규식이 10월에 묘제를 지냈다는 기록은 찾아볼 수 없다. 그리고 지규식은 돌아가신 아버지를 대상으로 지내는 생일제사를 생신차례라고 하여 거의 매년 지냈다. 그런데 생신차례와 제사를 별개로 지낸 적도 있어 특이하다. 신분제도가 철폐되고 일제가 강점할 무렵의 경기도 광주지역 중인출신 집안의 기제사, 차례와 묘제, 생신차례를 지내는 모습은 양반가의 제례 관행보다는 약간 다르고 덜 엄격하지만, 양반이 아닌 집안의 제례라는 점에서 그 의의가 크다고 하겠다. 이상에서 보듯, "하재일기"에 나타난 관 혼 상 제례의 내용은 자료적으로 그 가치가 매우 높을 뿐만 아니라 민속학적으로도 의미가 크다고 하겠다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.123-145
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• 2008

Recently, as the information communication technology develops, the discussion regarding the ubiquitous environment is occurring in diverse perspectives. Ubiquitous environment is an environment that could transfer data through networks regardless of the physical space, virtual space, time or location. In order to realize the ubiquitous environment, the Pervasive Sensing technology that enables the recognition of users' data without the border between physical and virtual space is required. In addition, the latest and diversified technologies such as Context-Awareness technology are necessary to construct the context around the user by sharing the data accessed through the Pervasive Sensing technology and linkage technology that is to prevent information loss through the wired, wireless networking and database. Especially, Pervasive Sensing technology is taken as an essential technology that enables user oriented services by recognizing the needs of the users even before the users inquire. There are lots of characteristics of ubiquitous environment through the technologies mentioned above such as ubiquity, abundance of data, mutuality, high information density, individualization and customization. Among them, information density directs the accessible amount and quality of the information and it is stored in bulk with ensured quality through Pervasive Sensing technology. Using this, in the companies, the personalized contents(or information) providing became possible for a target customer. Most of all, there are an increasing number of researches with respect to recommender systems that provide what customers need even when the customers do not explicitly ask something for their needs. Recommender systems are well renowned for its affirmative effect that enlarges the selling opportunities and reduces the searching cost of customers since it finds and provides information according to the customers' traits and preference in advance, in a commerce environment. Recommender systems have proved its usability through several methodologies and experiments conducted upon many different fields from the mid-1990s. Most of the researches related with the recommender systems until now take the products or information of internet or mobile context as its object, but there is not enough research concerned with recommending adequate store to customers in a ubiquitous environment. It is possible to track customers' behaviors in a ubiquitous environment, the same way it is implemented in an online market space even when customers are purchasing in an offline marketplace. Unlike existing internet space, in ubiquitous environment, the interest toward the stores is increasing that provides information according to the traffic line of the customers. In other words, the same product can be purchased in several different stores and the preferred store can be different from the customers by personal preference such as traffic line between stores, location, atmosphere, quality, and price. Krulwich(1997) has developed Lifestyle Finder which recommends a product and a store by using the demographical information and purchasing information generated in the internet commerce. Also, Fano(1998) has created a Shopper's Eye which is an information proving system. The information regarding the closest store from the customers' present location is shown when the customer has sent a to-buy list, Sadeh(2003) developed MyCampus that recommends appropriate information and a store in accordance with the schedule saved in a customers' mobile. Moreover, Keegan and O'Hare(2004) came up with EasiShop that provides the suitable tore information including price, after service, and accessibility after analyzing the to-buy list and the current location of customers. However, Krulwich(1997) does not indicate the characteristics of physical space based on the online commerce context and Keegan and O'Hare(2004) only provides information about store related to a product, while Fano(1998) does not fully consider the relationship between the preference toward the stores and the store itself. The most recent research by Sedah(2003), experimented on campus by suggesting recommender systems that reflect situation and preference information besides the characteristics of the physical space. Yet, there is a potential problem since the researches are based on location and preference information of customers which is connected to the invasion of privacy. The primary beginning point of controversy is an invasion of privacy and individual information in a ubiquitous environment according to researches conducted by Al-Muhtadi(2002), Beresford and Stajano(2003), and Ren(2006). Additionally, individuals want to be left anonymous to protect their own personal information, mentioned in Srivastava(2000). Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a methodology to recommend stores in U-market on the basis of ubiquitous environment not using personal information in order to protect individual information and privacy. The main idea behind our suggested methodology is based on Feature Matrices model (FM model, Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003) that uses clusters of customers' similar transaction data, which is similar to the Collaborative Filtering. However unlike Collaborative Filtering, this methodology overcomes the problems of personal information and privacy since it is not aware of the customer, exactly who they are, The methodology is compared with single trait model(vector model) such as visitor logs, while looking at the actual improvements of the recommendation when the context information is used. It is not easy to find real U-market data, so we experimented with factual data from a real department store with context information. The recommendation procedure of U-market proposed in this paper is divided into four major phases. First phase is collecting and preprocessing data for analysis of shopping patterns of customers. The traits of shopping patterns are expressed as feature matrices of N dimension. On second phase, the similar shopping patterns are grouped into clusters and the representative pattern of each cluster is derived. The distance between shopping patterns is calculated by Projected Pure Euclidean Distance (Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003). Third phase finds a representative pattern that is similar to a target customer, and at the same time, the shopping information of the customer is traced and saved dynamically. Fourth, the next store is recommended based on the physical distance between stores of representative patterns and the present location of target customer. In this research, we have evaluated the accuracy of recommendation method based on a factual data derived from a department store. There are technological difficulties of tracking on a real-time basis so we extracted purchasing related information and we added on context information on each transaction. As a result, recommendation based on FM model that applies purchasing and context information is more stable and accurate compared to that of vector model. Additionally, we could find more precise recommendation result as more shopping information is accumulated. Realistically, because of the limitation of ubiquitous environment realization, we were not able to reflect on all different kinds of context but more explicit analysis is expected to be attainable in the future after practical system is embodied.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2009

목 적 : 기존 필름으로 발급되었던 의료영상은 IT기술의 발달로 디지털화 되어 CD로 발급되고 있다. 그러나 발급 시 신분확인을 하고 있는 의무기록과는 달리 필름을 사용하던 시절부터 의료영상은 별다른 신분확인을 하지 않는 의료기관이 많다. 이에 신청자의 개인의료정보 보호에 대한 인식 실태를 조사하고 여러 의료기관의 CD 또는 DVD 등의 매체를 통한 의료영상 복사 현황을 조사, 정보보안에 관련된 국, 내외 법률 및 권고안을 분석하여 국내 환경에 부합하는 의료영상 복사 발급과 절차를 마련하는 기준을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 첫째, 2008년 5월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 수도권에 있는 33개 종합병원을 대상으로 의료영상복사 신청 시 구비서류, 발급절차 등을 전화를 통한 유선 조사를 시행하였다. 신청자에 따른 구비서류를 의료법 제 21조 2항에 의거 (1) 본인일 경우 신분증 확인, (2) 가족일 경우 신청자 신분증, 가족관계 서류(건강보험증, 가족관계증명서, 등본 등), (3) 제 3자 대리인일 경우 신분증, 위임장, 인감증명서로 기준을 마련하여 조사하였다. 둘째, 연구기간 동안 위의 기준에 따라 의료영상을 발급해 주고 있는 K 의료원에 복사를 신청하는 신청자들이 준비해온 구비서류 여부를 파악하였다. 셋째, 구비서류의 확인 및 미비 시 조치 등에 대한 발급절차의 기준을 정립하여 프로세스를 개발하였다. 결 과 : 수도권 33개 의료영상 발급현황을 조사한 결과 모든 조건을 충족한 병원은 16곳(49%), 신분증만 있으면 가능한 병원은 4곳(12%), 누구나 신청 가능한 병원 4곳(12%)이었으며 의료영상을 발급하는 부서가 아닌 진료과에서 신청하는 곳이 9곳(27%)으로 구비서류 조건여부는 알 수 없었다. 또한 신청자들이 복사 신청시 준비해온 구비서류가 조건에 충족한지 3개월간의 조사 결과 모두 준비한 경우(완비)는 629건(49%), 일부만 준비한 경우(일부 미비) 416건(33%), 모두 준비하지 않은 경우(미비) 226건(18%)이였다. 위의 연구결과를 근거로 의료영상 복사 신청 절차에 대한 프로세스를 정립하여 객관적인 응대를 할 수 있도록 하고, 환자와의 마찰을 줄이고 불편을 최소화 하면서 환자의 편의를 도모하고자 세분화된 발급절차 모형도를 작성하였다. 결 론 : 다른 전산 시스템과 달리 의료영상 시스템인 PACS가 의료기기로 분류되어 있는 것은 그만큼 의료정보의 중요성이 크다는 의미이다. 또한 의료영상의 학문적 성격으로 의학교육 및 연구에 많이 쓰이는데 이러한 이유로 쉽게 인용되고 남용 될 수 있다. 따라서 의료영상은 전문적인 교육을 받은 의료영상 관리자에 의해 적절한 발급 기준으로 발급, 관리되어야 할 것이며 이에 관한 개인정보보호와 의료영상에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요할 것이다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.27-65
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• 2020

많은 정보통신기술 기업들은 자체적으로 개발한 인공지능 기술을 오픈소스로 공개하였다. 예를 들어, 구글의 TensorFlow, 페이스북의 PyTorch, 마이크로소프트의 CNTK 등 여러 기업들은 자신들의 인공지능 기술들을 공개하고 있다. 이처럼 대중에게 딥러닝 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 공개함으로써 개발자 커뮤니티와의 관계와 인공지능 생태계를 강화하고, 사용자들의 실험, 적용, 개선을 얻을 수 있다. 이에 따라 머신러닝 분야는 급속히 성장하고 있고, 개발자들 또한 여러가지 학습 알고리즘을 재생산하여 각 영역에 활용하고 있다. 하지만 오픈소스 소프트웨어에 대한 다양한 분석들이 이루어진 데 반해, 실제 산업현장에서 딥러닝 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 개발하거나 활용하는데 유용한 연구 결과는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 프레임워크 사례연구를 통해 해당 프레임워크의 도입 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 기술-조직-환경 프레임워크를 기반으로 기존의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 도입과 관련된 연구들을 리뷰하고, 이를 바탕으로 두 기업의 성공 사례와 한 기업의 실패 사례를 포함한 총 3 가지 기업의 도입 사례 분석을 통해 딥러닝 프레임워크 도입을 위한 중요한 5가지 성공 요인을 도출하였다: 팀 내 개발자의 지식과 전문성, 하드웨어(GPU) 환경, 데이터 전사 협력 체계, 딥러닝 프레임워크 플랫폼, 딥러닝 프레임워크 도구 서비스. 그리고 도출한 성공 요인을 실현하기 위한 딥러닝 프레임워크의 단계적 도입 전략을 제안하였다: 프로젝트 문제 정의, 딥러닝 방법론이 적합한 기법인지 확인, 딥러닝 프레임워크가 적합한 도구인지 확인, 기업의 딥러닝 프레임워크 사용, 기업의 딥러닝 프레임워크 확산. 본 연구를 통해 각 산업과 사업의 니즈에 따라, 딥러닝 프레임워크를 개발하거나 활용하고자 하는 기업에게 전략적인 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.59-88
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• 2008

Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.