• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.169-187
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to identify profiles based on early childhood and elementary school teachers' goal orientations and to examine differences in teacher efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and job satisfaction among these profile groups. Methods: Data were collected through a teacher questionnaire. The teacher goal-orientation scale consisted of six sub-dimensions: growth, leisure, wealth, relationship, promotion, and social contribution. Data were analyzed using latent profile analyses. Results: Latent profile analyses revealed three distinct profile groups: one group characterized by higher scores across all six dimensions (balanced-goal-orientation group); another characterized by lower scores on all six dimensions, with a relatively higher score on the relationship dimension (relationship-goal-oriented group); another one characterized by lower scores on all dimensions except the leisure goal (leisure-goal-oriented group). MANOVA showed that the balanced-goalorientation group was significantly higher in total years of teaching, educational attainment, and age, compared to the leisure-goal-oriented group. In regression analyses, when controlling for educational attainment, teacher types (kindergarten vs. elementary school) did not significantly predict each of the dummy-coded profile groups (0 = no, 1 = yes). When taking into account teachers' age and educational attainment, belonging to the balanced-goal-orientation group was consistently associated with higher levels of teacher efficacy, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in leisure-goal-oriented group. Conclusion: These findings imply that it is crucial to help pre- and in-service kindergarten and elementary school teachers foster a balance between different types of goals, which would ultimately strengthen and stabilize the supply of a teaching force and the provision of a better education.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

In this paper, it is studied on wide radiating slot antenna's miniaturization for ultra wide-band(UWB) technologies and notch structure to prevent interference between UWB systems and existing wireless systems for using Wi-Fi service of IEEE standards 802.11 a/n. Proposed antenna that wide slot is decreased from $\lambda/2$ to $\lambda/4$ length of resonant frequency has decreased by 72 % compared with conventional antenna. And optimized T-shaped CPW-fed stub has satisfied UWB bandwidth for 3.0~11.8 GHz. Then, creating 2-order Hilbert curve slot line in the stub's patch area, 4.9~5.6 GHz that centered frequency is 5 GHz is eliminated. Finally, the designed antenna constructed on FR4-epoxy has $20{\times}15\;mm^2$ dimension. The measured results that are obtained return loss under -10 dB through 3.2~11.8 GHz without Wi-Fi bandwidth, a linear phase characteristic, a stable group delay, and omnidirectional radiation patterns are presented.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

This study is to consider economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of the new urbanization process and its spatial structures and urban policy of Seoul in the 1990s. Some experimental findings which have been identified throughout this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, Seoul, the largest city in S.Korea has experienced a restructuring process of economy, which has been promoted by the development of producer services as well as knowledge- based or high tech industries. Secondly, the autonomy of Seoul has increased after the introduction of local self-government, with relatively higher self-management of local finance than other cities, strengthening the tendency of enterpreneurialism, empowering civil movements, and increasing the political participation of women. Thirdly, in the socio-cultural aspect, the material wants to gain a certain identity through consumption, using urban environments culturally, varying consuming attitudes and ways of leisure times in relation with the rapid development of transportation and information communication. Fourthly, in the environmental aspect, Seoul has tried to introduce the concept of sustainable development in terms of increasing wants on the quality of life, and to develop a pro-environmental eco-city with environmental rehabilitation, constructing green space and eco-park. Finally, in the spatial dimension, Seoul has shown a structuration of multi-centers, with highly spectacular urban landscapes and seemingly authentic urban planning. These results make us confirm that Seoul has been in the process of new urbanization which can be distinguished from the previous one.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2007

It is as result that study to apply mini magnet nerve curer in peripheral nervous system disease treatment. Design and embodied action power and Control Unit in cylinder form of magnet roof object firstly. Yielded service area about special quality of probe of roof object cylinder style and treatment area dimension and distance of treatment pulse secondly. Embody pulse forming course energy value by Probe's form by third, could embody treatment pulse by disease. Specially, through a special quality experiment, saved Damping pulse form and treatment pulse form etc. variously. Lately, embodied this to aid a little in disease treatment that follow that there is no invasion that there is no stimulation by medicine development. Go amplitude treatment pulse (traditional magneto-therapy of greatly great that strong) does curative effect greatest at short time and becomes thought that demand is magnified greatly at the future in this research.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-191
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate the term-sets of 'base' or 'bottom': 'the bottom side of a polygon' and 'the base side (of a geometrical figure)'. And we study the concept of 'the base area' in the solid figures and the formula of 'the bottom dimensions'. We start from the 6th grade math problem: 'Find the bottom dimension of the rectangular.' The primary answer is that it does not use the term('the bottom dimensions') in the elementary mathematics. However, in the middle school mathematics, 'the base area' is used as means of 'the area of one bottom side', which is not explained anywhere from the elementary mathematics to middle school mathematics. In addition, the base is defined and 'the surface area' and 'the side area' is taught in the elementary mathematics, so we naturally think of 'the base area'. Therefore we first investigate the term-sets of 'base' or 'bottom' which has two elements: 'the bottom side of a polygon' and 'the base side (of a geometrical figure)'. Next we discuss 'the base area' through curriculum and textbooks, dictionary definitions and so on. In addition, we survey pre-service teachers and teachers about the solid figures and analyse the understanding of 'the base side' and 'the base area' comparatively. In particular, we compare the changes and the tendency of correct answers from the first question to the last question. As a result, we verify 'the cognitive gap' between the elementary mathematics and the middle school mathematics, we suggest the teaching of 'the base area' and succession subjects to teach figure domain in the elementary mathematics.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.313-332
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare motivations for self-archiving across disciplines on an academic social networking site. We carried out an online survey with ResearchGate(RG) users, testing 18 motivational factors that we developed from a previous study (enjoyment, personal/professional gain, reputation, learning, self-efficacy, altruism, reciprocity, trust, community interest, social engagement, publicity, accessibility, self-archiving culture, influence of external actors, credibility, system stability, copyright concerns, additional time, and effort). We adapted Biglan's classification system of academic disciplines and compared motivations across different categories of discipline. First, we compared motivations across the four combined categories by the two dimensions - hard-pure, hard-applied, soft-pure, and soft-applied. We also performed a motivation comparison across each dimension between soft and hard disciplines and between pure and applied disciplines. We examined investigated statistical differences in motivations by demographic characteristics and RG usage of participants across categories as well. Findings showed that there were differences of motivations, such as enjoyment, accessibility, influence of external actors and additional time and effort, and personal/professional gains, for self-archiving across disciplines. For example, RG users in the hard-applied were more highly motivated by enjoyment than others; RG users in the soft-pure were more highly motivated by personal/professional gains than others. It is expected that findings could be used to develop strategies encouraging researchers in various disciplines contributing to share their data and publications in ASNSs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-118
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• 2021

This study pays attention to the fact that the fake news is attracting attention because it causes various social problems. To find out these fake news' influence, the study conducted the experiment to examine that the fake news related to the electronic voting system affects on the news users' attitude of using the system, intention to participate in the election through the system and reliability of news services. The results have shown that the fake news framed with negative contents reduced users' attitude of using the system and intention of participation in the election. Especially, as a result of examining the difference in the fake news' influence according to each news services, in the case that users recognized that the news was fake after exposing to the general internet news, the attitude of using the system and the intention of participation in the election have reduced and recovered again. However, users who exposed to Naver, Facebook believed the negative content of the fake news more strongly. Through these results, this study empirically confirmed that the fake news has a tendency to exert influence on users' cognitive dimension and to reinforce awareness in a direction consistent with the initial exposure information.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.65-73
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• 2021

This study investigated differences in learning styles and learning strategies according to learning factors: major fields, achievements, and grades and differences in learning strategies according to learning styles for college students. Unlike previous studies that analyzed differences focused on the dominant learning style, the learning style was subdivided into a balanced and dominant learning style. In the analysis of the 179 participants in M colleges, it was found that the difference between the learning style and the learning strategy according to the learning factors was not significant. But, there was a significant difference in the use of cognitive strategies according to the learning style in the dimension of information input, and in the use of all strategies according to the information processing style. It was analyzed that active learners had a high level of using cognitive strategies, visual learners had a high level of using external strategies, and balanced learners had a high level of using internal strategies. Based on the results, the training strategies to understand the learning style and to improve the level of use of the learning strategy in the learning competency improvement program was proposed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-137
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• 2022

Today, the medical system is changing into a comprehensive health care system in which collaborative relationships between medical professionals and non-medical personnels in neighboring occupational areas. The current medical act brands such "collaboration" as unlicensed medical practice, and punishes non-medical personnel who acted in the risk management of doctors as well as doctors collaborated with non-medical personnel as unlicensed medical practice. In order to narrow the gap between the legal system that regulates unlicensed medical practices and the medical reality, it is necessary to overcome the structural limitations of dualistic, nationalistic, and identity-oriented regulation of unlicensed medical practices. The legal interests of unlicensed medical practice have a dual nature as a personal legal interest of "human life and body" as well as a national legal interest of "maintenance and protection of the nation's medical license system", and it should be noted that the criteria for judging the legal interests protected by the regulations of criminal punishment should be found in "personal legal interest theory." In addition, when determining which behavior is a medical practice and evaluating its risk, the dimension of behavior and measures should be considered in a fair manner without being biased against the subject (identity) of the action. In other words, judging unlicensed medical practice should depend on whether the risk of side effects that may result from the act is reasonably managed. Considering the prospect of therapeutic dialogue between medical professionals and patients, it would be desirable for medical law policies to move in a way that does not fundamentally block the possibility of collaboration among pluralistic medical personalities.