• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.307-318
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• 1989

In recent years much attention has been paid to swine respiratory infection caused by Pasteurella(P) multocida with rapid expansion of pork Industry in Korea. The present study was performed to observe the etiologic situation of P. multocida infection by bacteriological, serological(serotyping) and pathological examinations with the lungs respectively. In addition antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out against the isolated strains of P. multocida. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Eighteen strains(12.8％) wert isolated from the 140 cases of swine lungs examined, and biological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were the sam as those in the references of other workers, whereas some differences were observed in sugar fermentation and enzyme activity according to the strain of isolates. 2. Capsular serotyping performed on 18 P. multocida revealed that 13 strains(72.2％) were A type and 5 strains(27.8％) were D type, respectively. 3. When serotyping was performed against somatic antigen on 18 strains capsular types of which were identified as described above 9(50％), 3(16.7％) and 4(22.2％) strains belong to 1:A, 3:A and 2:D, respectively, but untypable 2 strains(11.1％) were observed. 4. Antibiotic susceptibility test by employing disc method for 24 kinds of drugs revealed that 15 kinds of antibiotics were sensitive to 18 strains of P. multocida isolated such as ampicillin(l00％), penicillin(100％), cloxacillin(56％), piperacillin(70％), cefotaxime(30%), minocycline(60％), chloramphenicol(95％), erythromycin(39％), kanamycin(17％), gentamicin(70%), amikasin(30%), colistin(78％) and nalidixic acid(5％), respectively, but resistant to 9 kinds of antibiotics such as sulpenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefametazol, cefoperazone, kitasamycin, oleandomycin. lincomycin and bacitracin. 5. Pathological features of 60 cases of swine lungs indicated that pneumonic .lesions were observed in 38 cases(63.3％) examined by macroscopic finding, in which lesions of 8 cases(13.4％) would correspond to those of mycoplasmal infection, and 30 cases(50％) were similar to viral infection by histopathological finding, whereas 22 cases(36.7％) were considered to be normal by ecropsy or histopathological finding.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

목 적 : 현재 폐구균 혈청형 분석을 위해 사용중인 Quellung 반응과 비교하여, multiplex assay 방법에 의한 폐구균 혈청형 분석의 유용성을 확인하고, Quellung 반응에 의한 혈청형 분석의 정확성을 검증하였다. 방 법 : 연세 의료원 신촌 세브란스 병원에서 폐구균 감염이 확인된 환자로부터 분리된 35주의 검체를 이용하였다. Quellung 반응을 통한 혈청형 분석과 multiplex latex bead를 이용한 유세포 분석기기법을 통한 혈청형 분석을 시행한 후 양 방법간의 혈청형 분석을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Multiplex assay 방법에 제시된 대로 각각의 혈청형에서 평균 형광치 값의 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 비교를 위해 시행한 14개 혈청형 중 11개 혈청형에서 비교가 가능했으며, 분석 비교가 가능했던 27검체 중 17검체에서 혈청형이 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 기존의 Quellung 반응의 경우 혈청형 분석에 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되며 일정량의 오차가 발생하는 문제가 있어, 이를 보완하기 위한 새로운 방법들이 시도되고 있다. 향후 보다 많은 혈청형을 대상으로 multiplex latex bead를 이용한 혈청형 분석을 시행할 필요가 있으며 이를 통해 multiplex assay와 Quellung 반응을 비교하며, Quellung 반응의 정확도를 올리기 위한 노력이 함께 수반되어야 할 것이다. 현재까지의 예비 결과로 볼 때 새로운 방법의 적용 가능성은 매우 높다고 할 수 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

목 적: 국내 임신부의 생식기와 직장에서 분리된 B군 연구균의 혈청형 분포를 분자생물학적인 방법으로 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 산전 진찰을 위해 고양시 소재 4개의 산부인과병원을 방문한 임신 35주 이상 임신부의 생식기와 직장에서 분리 되어 $-70^{\circ}C$에 보관 중이던 42개의 B군 연구균에서 DNA를 추출하고 혈청형 특이 PCR 과 염기서열 분석을 이용하여 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결 과: 42개 균주 모두에서 혈청형 특이 PCR 과 염기서열 분석을 통해 혈청형을 결정할 수 있었고 빈도순으로 III형이 12균주(28.6%), V형이 11균주(26.2%), Ia형이 11균주(26.2%), VI형이 4균주(9.5%), Ib형이 2균주(4.8%), II형이 2균주(4.8%)였다. 결 론: 국내의 후기 임신부에서 흔하게 분리되는 B군 연구균의 혈청형은 III형, V형, Ia형이었고 본 연구에서 이용한 혈청형 특이 PCR과 염기서열 분석은 앞으로도 관련 연구에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2003

Three hundred and sixty five samples of avian droppings, collected from parks and zoo, were investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Korea. Thirteen samples were positive for C. neoformans. All isolates were obtained from withered pigeon droppings. Identification and serotyping of isolates were determined by means of serological test and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) fingerprinting. All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. grubbi(serotype A).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2002

Twenty strains of Cryptococcus neoformams isolated from environmental and clinical sources in Korea were examined for their serotypes. Two environmental isolates from pigeon excreta belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans serotypes A. Of the 18 isolates from clinical specimens, 17 belonged to C. neoformans vats, neoiomans (serotype A : 16, serotype D : 1) and one belonged to C. neoformans vats, gattii serotype B, which was culturally unusual, producing mucous colonies. This is the first report of the identification of C. neoformans roar, gattii serotype B from a patient in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2005

Seventy-two pigeon dropping samples were collected from 26 different localities in Seoul and investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Seventeen samples from 8 different localities were found to be positive for C. neoformans. All isolates were obtained from withered pigeon droppings. Identification and serotyping of the isolates were determined by means of serological testing and DNA fingerprinting. All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. grubbi (serotype A).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1988

This study was conducted to isolate etiological agents from the 103 scouring piglets in Gyeongnam area and also carried out antimicrobial drug susceptibility test and epidemiogical served. The incidence of scouring piglet was most prevalent as 81.6% in the age of 2 to 4 weeks after birth, while the rate was less than 10% in the age of 5 to 6 weeks and under 1 week after birch. When compared the isolation frequency of the each etiological agent, enteropathogenic E. coli was most prevalent as 46.6%, thermophilic Campylobacter 26.2% and Salmonellae was 8.7% in order. In the OK serotyping for 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli, type 0141 : K85 (20.5%), 0157:K88ac(14.5%), 0138:K81 and 0149:K91 (13.3%) were encountered most frequently. In the biotyping for 27 isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter, most strains of C. jejuni were belong to type I (50.0%) and II (25.0%), and most strains of C. coli were belong to biotype I (78.9%). In the serotyping for 9 strains of Salmonellae, 3 strains were grouped as D, 2 strains as C. and each 1 strain was group B and E. The other 2 strains were untypable. The 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli were resistant more than 90% to erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, wherease about 90% of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin. In the case of Salmonellae, all of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, but about 89% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and colistin. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to cephalothin, but more than 89% of C.jejuni and C. coli were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.425-429
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• 1998

하류 처리물량 20톤 규모의 중급 돈육처리장 3군데를 대상을 장갑, 칼갈이, 칼, 도마, 운송벨트, 박피기, 작업장내 공기, 도체, 부분육의 Listeria monocytogenes의 오염실태를 조사하였다. 총 시료수는 330건으로 시료는 작업이 진행되는 동안 면봉으로 대상 부위의 표면 100㎠를 채취하였으며 검사결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 작업환경 시료 234건 중 Listeria monocytogenes 17.5% 기타 Listeria spp.는 34.2%의 분리율을 나타내었다. 2. 시료별 Listeria monocytogenes 분리율을 장갑 20.8%, 칼갈이 21.3%, 칼 14.6%, 도마 20.8% , 운송벨트 28.6%, 박피기 16.7%이었고, 작업장내 공기에서는 분리되지 않았다. 3. Listeria monocytogenes 오염은 원료육인 도체에서 8.5% 인 반면 최종생산 돈육에서는 14.6%가 검출되어 작업과정에서 오염이 발생되고 있음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 4. 작업환경에서 분리한 41건 Listeria monocytogenes 혈청형 분포는 4b 36.6%, 1/2a 24.4%, 4ab 17.0%, 4a 4.9%, 1/2c와 4c는 공히 2.4%이었고, 도체 및 최종생산 원료육에서는 4b, 1/2a, 4ab형이 검출되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1982

Streptococcus mutans strains were isolated from dental plaques of carious lesions of 53 patients on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) and mitis-salivarius(MS) medium as a supplement. The epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the biotypes and serotypes of S. mutans isolates. For the serotyping, autoclaved extract antigens from the isolates and serotype-specific antisera against seven known serotypes of S. mutans were prepared. The serotypes of the isolates were demonstrated in immunodiffusion test. In addtition, the prevalence of ${\beta}$-hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar plate in restricted anaerobic condition and yellow pigment production on 5% sucrose agar plate in less anaerobic condition among the isolates were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. Forty-eight S. mutans strains were isolated from dental plaque samples of 33 patients (62.3%) among 53 patients. 2. Of the isolates, some strains were not grown on MSB medium. 3. Serotype c S. mutans was found in 60.6%, serotype d was found in 30.3% of the patients who were known to harbor S. mutans. 4. Of. the isolates, serotype c isolates were most prevalent (43.8%), serotype d isolates were 25.0%, and serotype b, e, f and g isolates were also found but in lower frequencies. Serotype a S. mutans were not detected. 5. The correlation between serotype and biotype of the isolates was found in 78.6% of the typing cases. 6. Strains revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis were in 52.1% of the isolates, strains produced yellow pigment were in 47.9% of the isolates, and with one exception, all the strains were belong to serotype c, e and f. 7. The majority of the isolates which revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis appeared to be yellow pigmented, these isolates were belong to serotype c, e and f.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.328-339
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• 2018

Background: Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in patients with comorbidities and advanced age. This study evaluated trends in epidemiology of adult pneumococcal disease in Crete, Greece, by identifying serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of consecutive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from adults during an 8-year time period (2009-2016) and the indirect effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccines 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by E-test and serotyping by Quellung reaction. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to penicillin (PNSP) combined with resistance to ${\geq}2$ non-${\beta}$-lactam antimicrobials. Results: A total of 135 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from adults during the study period. Twenty-one serotypes were identified with 17F, 15A, 3, 19A, and 11A, being the most common. The coverage rates of PCV10, and PCV13 were 17.8% and 37.8%, respectively. PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly from 68.4% in 2009 to 8.3% in 2016 (P = 0.002). The most important emerging non-PCV13 serotypes were 17F, 15A, and 11A, with 15A being strongly associated with antimicrobial resistance and MDR. Among all study isolates, penicillin-resistant and MDR strains represented 7.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Predominant PNSP serotypes were 19A (21.7%), 11A (17.4%), and 15A (17.4%). Erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin resistant rates were 30.4%, 15.6%, 16.3%, 16.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although pneumococcal disease continues to be a health burden in adults in Crete, our study reveals a herd protection effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccination. Surveillance of changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates are necessary to guide optimal prevention and treatment strategies.