• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.545-549
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• 2013

A 12-year-old spayed female mixed-bred dog presented with nasal bleeding of 2 days duration and a skin nodule in the left flank. No abnormalities were found in coagulation profiles and blood pressure. Cytological evaluation of the nodule revealed numerous characteristic round organisms having a nucleus and a bar within macrophages and in the background, consistent with leishmaniasis. In vitro culture was unsuccessful but PCR of the nodular aspirate identified the organisms as Leishmania infantum, and the final diagnosis was canine leishmaniasis. No history of travel to endemic countries was noted. Because the dog had received a blood transfusion 2 years before the illness, serological screening tests were performed in all donor dogs of the commercial blood bank using the commercial Leishmania ELISA test kit, and there were no positive results. Additional 113 dogs with hyperglobulinemia from Seoul were also screened with the same kits but no positive results were obtained. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 2012

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the major agents of infectious abortions and due to its worldwide distribution can threat healthy pregnant women who had no previous exposure to this parasite. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of T. gondii to spontaneous abortions in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran, using ELISA method. Blood Samples were collected from 264 mothers referred to the provincial hospitals of Zanjan due to spontaneous abortion. The sera were isolated and subjected to evaluate the anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. The results showed IgG positive ($IgG^+$) in 99 cases (37.5%). A total of 68 women (25.8%) showed seroconversion with IgM or IgA or both IgM and IgA. They included: $IgM^+$ in 21 (8.0%), $IgA^+$ in 23 (8.7%) and both $IgM^+$ and $IgA^+$ in 24 (9.1%) subjects. In 23 cases, positive titers of IgM and IgG were accompanied. In general, the analysis of anti-Toxoplasma antibody patterns, showed that about 17% of the spontaneous abortions were associated with serological patterns of acute infection. According to these findings, a considerable proportion of spontaneous abortions can be attributed to T. gondii in the study area.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.427-429
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• 2009

To establish a definite diagnosis for pulmonary hydatid disease, combination of radiology and serology is useful. In this study, 19 preoperative sera from patients with surgically confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis, 40 sera from patients with other parasitosis and pulmonary diseases, and 20 sera from healthy donors were evaluated using 4 different serological tests, i.e., the commercial ELISA (ELISA-kit) test, the ELISA (ELISA-lab) test prepared in our laboratory, the commercial indirect hemagglutination assay kit (IHA-kit) test, and the IHA test using sensitized sheep red blood cells with tannic acid (IHA-TA). The ELISA-kit was the most sensitive (84.2%) and the most specific test (100.0%). The ELISA-kit also demonstrated the highest positive (100.0%) and negative (95.2%) predictive values. The sensitivity of the ELISA-lab test, that we prepared, was found to be 73.6%, whereas the IHA-kit test and the IHA-TA test were found to be 73.6% and 68.4%, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 96.6%, 98.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. When all 4 tests were assessed together, it was found that the sensitivity had risen to 94.7%. When the ELISA-kit was assessed with the IHA-kit and IHA-TA together, it was found that the sensitivity was 89.5% and 84.2%, respectively. Likewise, the combination of the ELISA-lab and IHA-kit or IHA-TA allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 84.2% in cases of pulmonary echinococcosis. In conclusion, the diagnosis would be imminent if least 2 tests were applied together.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

Purpose: Choledochal cyst is a cystic dilatation of common bile duct. Although the etiology is presently uncertain, anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) is thought to be a major etiology of choledochal cyst. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and anatomical characteristics and pathologies of patients diagnosed with choledochal cyst in a single institute for 25 years. Methods: A total of 113 patients, diagnosed with choledochal cyst and who received an operation in Severance Children's Hospital from January 1988 to May 2013, were included. Medical records were reviewed, including clinical and demographic data, surgical procedures. Abdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and intraoperative cholangiography were used as diagnostic tools for evaluation and classification of choledochal cyst and the presence of anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. Todani's classification, and relationship between APBDU and surgical pathology. Results: Among 113 patients, 77 patients (68.1%) presented symptoms such as hepatitis, pancreatitis and/or cholecystitis. Eighty three patients (73.5%) had APBDU, and 94 patients (83.2%) showed inflammatory pathologic changes. APBDU, pathologic inflammation, and serological abnormalities such as hepatitis or pancreatitis showed a statistically significant correlation to one another. Conclusion: APBDU is thought to be one of the etiologic factors of choledochal cyst. It is related to the inflammatory changes in bile duct that can lead to the cystic dilatation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5265-5272
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• 2016

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate invasive and noninvasive diagnostic methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients admitted with dyspeptic complaints and to compare sensitivities and specificities. Method: Sets of four gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from a total of 126 patients included in the study. The presence of H. pylori was determined by invasive tests including culture, rapid urease test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. Among noninvasive tests, urea breath test, serological tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. Results: H. pylori was isolated in 79 (62.7%) gastric biopsy cultures, whereas positivity was concluded for 105 (83.3%) patients by rapid urease test, for 106 (84.1%) by PCR, for 110 (87.3%) by histopathology, for 119 (94.4%) by urea breath test, and for 107 (84.9%) by ELISA. In the present study, the culture findings and histopathological examination findings were accepted as gold standard. According to the gold standard, urea breath test had the highest sensitivity (96.5%) and the lowest specificity (30%), whereas culture and histopathology had the highest specificities (100%). Conclusion: The use of PCR invasively with gastric biopsy samples yielded parallel results with the gold standard. PCR can be recommended for routine use in the diagnosis of H. pylori.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 간 섬유화로 인한 간경변 모델에서 c-Myc과, Thymosin-${\beta}4$ 유전자의 발현을 알아 보고자 실시하였으며 연구 방법은 2군으로 나누어 섬유화로 인한 간경변 모델 실험군과 증류수를 이용한 대조군으로 분류 한 후 실험을 하였다. 본 연구를 통한 결과는 간경변 모델 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 c-Myc과 Thymosin-${\beta}4$의 발현이 증가 되는 것을 뚜렷하게 알 수 있었고, 전자현미경적 검경 외에 여러 특수 염색을 통하여 간조직의 변화를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 기존 간기능 검사 관련 임상검사에서 질환 예방과 질환 판정 시 혈청학적 변화와 조직학적인 검사와 더불어 c-Myc과 Thymosin-${\beta}4$의 분자 기법을 통한 유전자의 발현 상태를 확인함으로써 간 질환 판정에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 사료 되며, 향후 이 연구를 기반으로 실험군의 종류와 관련 유전자를 추가 하여 심도 있는 연구를 진행할 예정이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2021

Periodontal diseases have been reported to have a multidirectional association with metabolic disorders. We sought to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and diabetes or fatty liver disease using HFD-fed obese mice inoculated with P. gingivalis. Body weight, alveolar bone loss, serological biochemistry, and glucose level were determined to evaluate the pathophysiology of periodontitis and diabetes. For the evaluation of fatty liver disease, hepatic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was assessed by scoring steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and the crucial signaling pathways involved in liver metabolism were analyzed. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level and NASH score in P. gingivalis-infected obese mice were significantly elevated. Particularly, the extensive lobular inflammation was observed in the liver of obese mice infected with P. gingivalis. Moreover, the expression of metabolic regulatory factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ) and the fatty acid transporter Cd36, was up-regulated in the liver of P. gingivalis-infected obese mice. However, inoculation of P. gingivalis had no significant influence on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and hepatic mTOR/AMPK signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that P. gingivalis can induce the progression of fatty liver disease in HFD-fed mice through the upregulation of CD36-PPARγ axis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.49.1-49.13
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• 2022

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP) are economically significant pathogens in the pig industry. The use of combined vaccines against PCV2 and MHP is one of the most effective ways of protecting pigs from both diseases, and it has become a part of general management. Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of two new bivalent vaccines of PCV2 and MHP (Myco-X and Myco-XD) in SPF pigs. Myco-X and Myco-XD are a combined vaccine of MHP with PCV2b and PCV2d, respectively. Methods: Sixteen pigs were divided into four groups: Myco-X-vaccinated challenged, Myco-XD-vaccinated challenged, unvaccinated challenged, and unvaccinated unchallenged. Two milliliters of Myco-X were administered intramuscularly, and 0.5 mL of Myco-XD was injected intradermally at 3 wk of age. The pigs were challenged with virulent PCV2d via the intramuscular and intranasal route 4 wk post-vaccination. Results: All vaccinated pigs showed effective reduction of the clinical signs, the PCV2d load in the blood and nasal swab samples, as well as lung and lymphoid tissue lesions in the challenge test. Compared to unvaccinated challenged animals, the vaccinated challenged animals showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of anti-PCV2 IgG, PCV2d-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and anti-MHP IgG. Conclusions: Based on clinical, microbiological, serological, and pathological assessments, this study confirmed that both combined vaccines could protect pigs against PCV2 infection caused by PCV2d. On the other hand, further research on the efficacy evaluation of these new vaccines against the MHP challenge and PCV2d/MHP co-challenge is needed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

목 적 : 폐구균 단백결합 백신의 교차혈청형에 대한 교차방어 능력에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 12-23개월 연령 소아에게 PCV7 추가접종 후 얻어진 면역혈청에서 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 교차 항체의 혈청학적 특성을 연구하기 위해 수행하였다. 방 법 : 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F와 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A의 IgG, IgM 항체 농도와 옵소닌 인덱스를 ELISA와 OPA를 통해 측정하였다. 혈청군 6과 19에 대한 방어항체의 혈청학적 특성과 항원 특이도는 면역혈청내 IgM 제거, OPA, cOPA를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과 : 대조군 혈청에 비교하여 IgM 제거 면역혈청의 6B와 19F에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스가 감소하였고, 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스도 역시 감소하였다. cOPA에서 6B 다당질, 19F다당질은 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F 뿐 아니라 6A, 6C, 19A의 방어 면역도 완전히 억제하였다. 결 론 : 6B, 19F를 포함한 PCV7은 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 IgG 및 IgM 교차방어 항체를 유도하였다. IgM 방어항체는 IgG 항체와 비교하여 백신 혈청형뿐 아니라 백신-연관 혈청형에 대해 더 높은 옵소닌 인덱스를 나타내었다. 향후 더 많은 소아와 성인의 면역 혈청으로 연구가 필요하다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1986

뇌낭미충증환자 혈청 및 뇌척수액의 특이 IgG 항체가를 면역효소측정 법으로 측정하였을 때에 이 혈청학적 진단법이 환자진단에 얼마나 유용한지를 평가하였다. 1984년 1월부터 1986년 1월까지 주로 신경학적 중상을 나타낸 환자 355명에서 혈청 및 뇌척수액을 검사하였다. 면역효소측정법에 사용한 항원은 돼지에 자연감염된 유구낭미충의 낭액이며 단백질 농도 $2.5{\mu}g/ml$로 희석하여 사용하였고, 혈청은 1 : 100으로 희석하여, 뇌척수액은 희석하지 않고 반응시켰고 Perozidase-Conjugated Antihuman IgG goat serum(Cappel 회사제품)을 1 : 5,000으로 사용하여 혈청 및 뇌척수액내 유구낭미충 특이 IgG 항체가를 흡광도로 표시하였다. 흡광도 0.18 또는 그 이상을 양성으로 판정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자 355명중 신경외과 수술 및 병리학적 소견으로 확진된 뇌낭미충증 환자 26명, 피하결절 생검에서 낭미충증을 진단하였고 뇌전산화 단충촬영으로 확진한 환자 24명, 뇌전산화 단층환영으로 확진한 21명등 71명에서 면역효소측정법에 의한 특이 IgG항체가 양성자는 64명으로 민감도는 90.1%이었다. 그 중 혈청의 검사에 의한 민감도는 77.5%, 뇌척수액 검사에 의한 민감도는 83.1%로서 뇌척수액 검사가 더 민감한 소견이었다. 뇌낭미충증으로 확진된 환자중 위음성자는 특이 IgG 항체가가 대단히 낮은 예가 대부분이었다. 2. 대상자 355명중 뇌낭미충중 이외의 질환으로 확진된 환자는 52명으로서 그중 7례는 신경외과 수술 및 병리학적 소견에 근거하여 기타 질환으로 확진된 예이며 45례는 세균학적, 방사선학적 소견등을 근거로 기타 질환으로 확진된 예이었다. 이들 중 뇌낭미충 특이항체 검사에서 음성을 보인 예는 46례로서 이 검사의 특이도는 88.5%이었다. 혈청 및 뇌척수액검사에 의한 특이도는 카각 94.2%이었다. 위 양성반응을 보인 예 중에서 혈청 및 뇌척수액에서 모두 양성인 예는 없었다. 3. 혈청내 특이 IgG 항체 검사에 의한 기타 기생충감염자에서의 교차반응의 정도는 다음과 같았다. 무구조충증 18례중 2례, 스파르가눔증 20례중 2례, 폐흡충증 56례중 1례, 간흡충증 15례중 1례, 간질(간질)증 1례중 1례등이 교차반응을 나타내었다. 뇌척수액내 특이 IgG 함체 검사에 의한 교차반응을 뇌폐흡충증 환자 9례 중에는 없었으나 뇌스파르가눔중 환자 10례중 2례는 교차반응을 보였다. 뇌낭미충증으로 확진된 71례중 폐흡충항원에 대해 교차반응을 보인 예는 없었으나 스파르가눔 항원에 대해서는 혈청으로 검사했을 경우 6례, 뇌척수액의 경우 11례에서 교차반응을 나타내었다. 4. 뇌압상승이 있는 뇌낭미충증환자 예에서 뇌실조영술이나 뇌실복막강 단락술 도중 얻은 측뇌실 뇌척수액으로 낭미충 특이 IgG 항체가를 측정하면 측뇌실에 병변이 있지 않는 한 음성 또는 낮은 양성림위의 홉광도를 보이고 있었다. 5. 포도낭미충증 환자 4례중 혈청검사로는 4례중 3례가, 뇌척수액검사로는 검사한 3례 모두가 양성반응을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 혈청 및 뇌척수액내 특이 IgG 항체를 면역효소 측정 법으로 측정하는 혈청학적 진단법이 뇌낭미충증 환자의 감별진단에 매우 유용함을 보이고 있다.