• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.508-511
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• 2011

Purpose: Blue toe syndrome consists of blue or purplish toes in the absence of a history of obvious trauma, serious cold exposure, or disorders producing generalized cyanosis. It is a life-threatening and still underrecognized disease. It can be commonly occurred by vascular surgery, invasive cutaneous procedures or anticoagulant therapy. Our case is presented of blue toe syndrome related to atheromatous embolization that was presumably triggered by angio CT. Methods: A 69-year-old man presented with the suddenly developed pain, cyanosis and livedo reticularis of the toes in right foot. Dorsalis pedis pulses were palpable. He had been performed a diagnostic angio CT 1 month earlier. Angio CT revealed diffuse aortic atheromatous plaque in lower abdominal aorta and both common iliac artery. One month after angio CT, he visited our clinic. There was no visible distal first dorsal metatarsal artery and digital artery of right first toe in lower extremity arteriography. A diagnosis was established of blue toe syndrome. Because his symptom was aggravated, we performed the exploration of the right foot. After exposure of first dorsal metatarsal artery, microsurgical atheroembolectomy was done. Results: There were no postoperative complications. After three months the patient had no clinically demonstrable problems. Conclusion: Patient with blue toe syndrome is at high risk of limb loss and mortality despite treatment. Blue toe syndrome produces painful, cyanosed toes with preserved pedal pulses. It needs to be aware of blue toe syndrome. Careful history should reveal the diagnosis. Treatment is controversial, however, most believe that anticoagulation therapy should be avoided.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.541-547
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• 2010

Marine accidents do not correspond with another accidents because of a serious loss of lives and property. The many marine accidents can be attributed to human error like as carelessness and decision faults, and hence there is a strong need for decision-support tools for marine navigation. Much of researchers have introduced the techniques about the tools, but they hardly consider environmental factors (water depth, the width of waterway, a fishing ground, a current, the number of surrounding marine accidents, marine obstacles, etc), which are very important to the decision making of officers. In a previous research, we proposed the conceptual model of environmental risk assessment of ship navigation using fuzzy. This paper describes the detailed design of the environmental factors based on the opinion of navigation experts, and shows the validity of the conceptual model through a prototype system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2008

This paper deals with the measurements of wireless image signal in subway tunnels at 2.45GHz. Measurements have been conducted in 3 subway stations with different types; a straight tunnel and two curved tunnels. As a analysis result for the measured data, we found that the signal level inside straight tunnel by the strong multipath waves fluctuate deeply compared to the curved tunnel. The path loss exponent for the Shin-hung station with the straight tunnel is 2.5, those for the Pan-am and Dae-dong station with curved tunnels are 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. The fade depth and width at 50% point became relatively serious at Shin-hung station, the level crossing rate inside the Pan-am station is larger than the other stations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fading phenomena affect to the signal performance generate seriously at straight tunnel compared to the curved tunnel.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.9.1-9.10
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• 2018

Although the positive effects of recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been implicated in previous studies, knowledge of its role in COPD remains limited. The mechanism of FGF2 in a COPD mouse model and the therapeutic potential of rFGF-2 were investigated in COPD. The mechanism and protective effects of rFGF-2 were evaluated in cigarette smoke-exposed or elastase-induced COPD animal models. Inflammation was assessed in alveolar cells and lung tissues from mice. FGF-2 was decreased in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Intranasal use of rFGF-2 significantly reduced macrophage-dominant inflammation and alveolar destruction in the lungs. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, rFGF-2 improved regeneration of the lungs. In humans, plasma FGF-2 was decreased significantly in COPD compared with normal subjects (10 subjects, P = 0.037). The safety and efficacy of inhaled rFGF-2 use was examined in COPD patients, along with changes in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A 2-week treatment with inhaled rFGF-2 in COPD (n = 6) resulted in significantly improved respiratory symptoms compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05); however, the results were not significant compared with the placebo. The pulmonary function test results of COPD improved numerically compared with those in the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with inhaled rFGF-2. The loss of FGF-2 production is an important mechanism in the development of COPD. Inhaling rFGF-2 may be a new therapeutic option for patients with COPD because rFGF-2 decreases inflammation in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.543-547
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• 2019

Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans worldwide, causing serious diseases in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. T. gondii rhoptry protein 13 (ROP13) is known as one of the key proteins involved in host cell invasion. In this study, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine expressing T. gondii rhoptry ROP13 and investigated VLPs vaccine efficacy in mice. Mice immunized with ROP13 VLPs vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA antibody responses following boost immunization and challenge infection, whereas antibody inductions were insignificant upon prime immunization. Differing immunization routes resulted in differing antibody induction, as intranasal immunization (IN) induced greater antibody responses than intramuscular immunization (IM) after boost and challenge infection. IN immunization induced significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA antibody responses from feces, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), $CD4^+$ T, $CD8^+$ T cells and germinal center B cell responses in the spleen compared to IM immunization. Compared to IM immunization, IN immunization resulted in significantly reduced cyst counts in the brain as well as lesser body weight loss, which contributed to better protection. All of the mice immunized through either route survived, whereas all na?ve control mice perished. These results indicate that the ROP13 VLPs vaccine could be a potential vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2012

Ship damage caused by maritime casualties leads to marine pollution and loss of life and property. To prevent serious damage from maritime casualties, several types of safety regulations are applied in ship design. Damage stability regulation is one of the most important safety issues. Designs of ships for long international voyages must comply with these regulations. Current regulations, however, do not consider the characteristics of the operating route of each ship and reflect only ship size and type of cargo. In this paper, a damage safety assessment was undertaken for a ship carrying radioactive waste in actual wave conditions. Damage cases for safety assessment were constructed on the basis of safety regulations and related research results. Hull form, internal arrangement, loading condition and damage condition were modeled for damage safety simulation. The safety simulation was performed and analyzed for 10 damage cases with various wave heights, frequency and angle of attack on an operating route. Based on evaluation results, a design alternative was generated, and it was also simulated. These results confirmed that damage safety analysis is highly important in the design stage in consideration of the operating route characteristics by simulation. Thus a ship designer can improve safety from damage in this manner.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.554-559
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• 2006

The currently common housing is obviously going to be under the reconstruction in just $20{\sim}30$ years, with the failure to satisfy the improvement of national income, diversification and advance of national demand. But, reckless and random reconstruction Induce the serious problem of environmental pollution involving the loss of national treasury and excess materials of constructions. In order to address such problem, the common housing of longevity, which can adequately cope with the changes of times and tastes of inhabiters, in the future, is arising as an alternative. Recently, the groundbreaking phase of common housing is also being considered as another alternative to resolve such problem. The common housing of longevity has an advantage to create a free and comfortable space in accordance with the tastes of inhabiters, as well as expanding the durability of building. But, the current facility system has an inability to deal with the sort of housing. Thus, the research paper is designed to make an analysis on problems of common housing in South Korea, which has made it difficult to handle a changing space, and based on the analysis, the paper is intended to make a review on the future-oriented facility service appropriate enough to deal with the changing aspects of space.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.247-253
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• 2008

Web 2.0 and Semantic Web technology will be merged to be a next generation Web that leads presentation-oriented Web to data-centric Web. In the next generation Web. semantic processing. Web Platform, and data fusion are most important technology factors. Resolving the Link Rot is the one of the essential technologies to enable these features. The Link Rot causes not only simple annoyances to users but also more serious problems including data integrity. loss of knowledge. breach of service. and so forth. We have suggested a new XRI-based persistent Web link architecture to cure the Link Rot that has been considered as a deep-seated Problem of the Web. The Proposed architecture is based on the XRI suggested by OASIS and it is designed to support a persistent link by using URL rewriting. Since the architecture is designed as a server-side technology, it is superior to existing research especially in Interoperability. Transparency and Adoptability. In addition to this, the architecture provides a metadata identification to be used fer context-aware link resolution.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

Objects. There was an increase in obese population due to eating habits resulted in modernization of lifestyle and the change of the tendency to conduct the physical activity, in order words, the reduction in the range of kinetic energy. Obesity is viewed as a major risk factor for serious health problems, including heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer as well as for psychological and social problems owing to our fat-phobic society. In the present study, we investigate the weight loss thanks to giving Handayulso-tang(HD) medication of Taeum-in to induced obesity rats and its effects on lipid metabolism, given that their behavior patterns are changed according to their constitution. Methods: The extracts of Handayulso-tang was orally administered to the rats of HD group 200mg/200g of rats weight every day for 6 weeks, and the control group were fed with equal amount of saline. And measured the body weight and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid and total lipid contents in serum in obese rats. Results: 1. The body weight in HD group were decreased. 2. The contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in HD group were decreased and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group. 3. The contents of serum free fatty acid and total lipid in HD group were decreased, but did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusion: Based on the above results, we know that Handayulso-tang have effects on the decrease of the body weight and the contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid and total lipid So it could be concluded that Handayulso-tang can help the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.863-869
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• 2018

Due to recent changes in the maritime traffic environment, naval warship accidents are constantly occurring. Especially in 2017, serious loss of life was caused by a US navy destroyer accident. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of naval warship accident cases and construct an accident scenario by using naval training materials, adjudication of naval warship accidents and US navy destroyer accident reports. Based on the surveyed data, the status of accidents was identified and cases were analyzed. We reproduced 17 accident cases in accordance with accident reproduction procedure and constructed naval warship accident scenarios. As a result of analyzing the CPA, TCPA and PARK model for risk, reproducing 17 naval ship accident cases, collision risk increased on average 5-6 minutes before an accident. The result of this study represents basic data for naval and simulation education materials, contributing to the prevention of marine accidents.