• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.540-542
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• 2023

Due to the serious issues posed by facial manipulation technologies, many researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the identification of face forgeries. The majority of existing face forgery detection methods leverage powerful data adaptation ability of neural network to derive distinguishing traits. These deep learning-based detection methods frequently treat the detection of fake faces as a binary classification problem and employ softmax loss to track CNN network training. However, acquired traits observed by softmax loss are insufficient for discriminating. To get over these limitations, in this study, we introduce a novel discriminative feature learning based on Vision Transformer architecture. Additionally, a separation-center loss is created to simply compress intra-class variation of original faces while enhancing inter-class differences in the embedding space.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.544-561
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• 2004

Weekly monitoring of discharge and water quality in forested and agricultural subcatchments were performed to understand the difference of water quality caused by land uses in Doegwollyong area. Correlations between water quality variables including discharge were analyzed for the same purpose. There was little variation of water Quality in forested subcatchment. On the other hand, the range of water quality variation in agricultural subcatchment was wide due to soil loss and the application of chemical fertilizers and livestock manure. Dissolved oxygen(DO) had strong negative correlation with discharge in both subcatchments. Total nitrogen(T-N) and potassium ion(K$^{+}$) had stronger positive correlation with discharge in forested subacatchment than in agricultural one. On the other hand, total suspended sediments(TSS), total phosphorus(T-P), and chemical oxygen demand(COD) had stronger correlation with discharge in agricultural subcatchment than in forested one. As water pollution of the Doam Lake, especially the increase of T-P is serious, soil conservation is very important to improve water quality. In particular, the loss of soil and nutrients from late June till early July were more serious than any other seasons, therefore it is necessary to apply environmentally sustainable methods of cultivation.n.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.314-327
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• 1992

Insecticide resistance is a serious is a serious threat to IPM, resulting in various adverse effects not to mention the loss of yield in agriculture. One approach to counter the problem is the disruption of resistance mechanisms. This can be achieved by (1) compounds which show a negative correlation with resistance at the site of action, (2) specific metabolic inhibitors which serve as synergists, or (3) a certain combination of two insecticides producing a joint action. This approach, however, requires certain precautions for the side effects may cause an increase in toxicity to mammals. Owing to the recent advances in theoretical studies on resistance management employing computer simulation and mathematical models, a few principles to reduce the risk of development of resistance have been clarified. They are helpful in designing operational strategies with regard to, for instance, insecticide doses to be applied, mode of application, and choice and nature of the insecticide(s) to be used. For restoration of insecticide susceptibility of a resistant population, reintroduction of susceptible individuals to the resistant population is feasible when certain conditions are met. Natural enemies which developed resistance to insecticides can be an important component of IPM as has been shown in the pest management in apple orchards. After all, the implementation of a successful resistance management program depends upon cooperation between different sigments of the agricutural community. Although resistance is a preadaptive phenomenon, in some cases spontaneous loss of resistance does occur without contamination by susceptible individuals. The instability of resistance in these insects implies the possible existence of a switch machanism controlling the expression of resistance gene(s). Elucidation of such a mechanism may eventually provide us with a new technical approach with which we can combat the problem of insecticide resistance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.5
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• pp.296-303
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• 2014

Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) is one of the most prominent synchronization protocols in wireless sensor nework. Given that the broadcasting medium is available, RBS can give very high accuracy of synchronization. However, RBS uses instantaneous synchronization and results in time discontinuity, which might cause serious faults in the distributed system. Also, RBS lacks packet loss tolerance, which brings about degraded performance in severe conditions of wireless channel. In this paper, the problem of time discontinuity in RBS is pointed out and the effect of packet loss on the performance of RBS is examined. Then, a continuous synchronization and a packet loss tolerance mechanism for RBS are proposed, and the result is verified through simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1055-1059
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• 2006

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs), a sensor node broadcasts the acquisited sensing data to neighboring other nodes and it makes serious data duplication problem that increases network traffic loads and data loss. This problem is concerned with the conflict condition for supporting both the reliability of data transfer and avoidance of network congestion. To solve the problem, a reliable congestion control protocol is necessary that considers critical factors affecting on data transfer reliability such as reliable data transmission, wireless loss, and congestion loss for supporting effective congestion control in WSNs. In his paper, we proposes a reliable congestion protocol, called HRCCP, based on hop-hop sequence number, and DSbACK by minimizing useless data transfers as an energy-saved congestion control method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.442-445
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• 2006

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs), a sensor node broadcasts an acquisited data to neighboring other nodes and it makes serious data duplication problem that increases network traffic loads and data loss. This problem is concerned with the conflict condition for supporting both the reliability of data transfer and avoidance of network congestion. To solve the problem, a reliable congestion control protocol is necessary that considers critical factors affecting on data transfer reliability such as reliable data transmission, wireless loss, and congestion loss for supporting effective congestion control in WSNs. In this paper, we proposes a reliable congestion protocol, ratted HRCCP, based on hop-hop sequence number, and DSbACK by minimizing useless data transfers as an energy-saved congestion control method.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the safety of 'Gamitaeeumjowee-tang' by analyzing adverse events in weight loss program in combination with 'Gamitaeeumjowee-tang' and low-calorie diet. Methods: A retrospective review of adverse events in weight loss program in combination with 'Gamitaeeumjowee-tang' and low-calorie diet from the electronic medical chart (n=124) between June 2015 and December 2016 was conducted. Three Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs) reviewed adverse events for two times, during week 2 to 4 and at week 10, after starting weight loss program. Adverse events were evaluated in terms of causality, severity and system-organ classes. Also, agreement among the three KMDs was made through further discussion in case of disagreement after independent review. Results: The overall rate of adverse events was 37.1% during week 2 to 4 and 16.9% at week 10. For causality of adverse events using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre causality categories, 52.2% were evaluated 'possible' at week 2-4 and 57.1% were evaluated 'unlikely' at week 10. All symptoms were evaluated as 'mild' by LDS scale. Nausea (15, 12.1%) was the most frequent adverse event at week 2-4 and dizziness (6, 4.8%) was the most common at week 10. Conclusions: Adverse events decreased over time. There were no serious adverse events and none of the subjects were dropped due to adverse events. Continuous study is needed to prove the safety of 'Gamitaeeumjowee-tang' for treating obesity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 2020

Soil loss is a serious problem frequently caused by local torrential rainfalls due to climate change. In particular, soil loss is occurring in agricultural areas rather than urban areas, and many pollutants are introduced into rivers, causing environmental problems. To reduce soil loss, the Ministry of Environment has designated and managed non-point source management areas. The Jaun-district in Hongcheon-gun, which was designed as a non-point pollution source management area in Gangwon-do, is located in the upper stream of Soyang Lake. Most of the agricultural fields are composed of highland agriculture fields. The highland agricultural fields in the Jaun-district are also composed of large-scale farming areas, and the ditches located near the agricultural fields have been illegally used for farmland. Therefore, the local government in Hongcheon-gun is conducting a project to restore the ditches occupied by agricultural fields. However, an analysis of the amount of soil loss that can be reduced by the restoration of the ditches has not been conducted yet. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of reducing the soil loss from the restoration of the ditches used as agricultural fields in the Jaun-district. The SATEEC L Module was used to analyze the reduction in soil loss by ditch restoration. The SATEEC L Module was constructed to estimate the LS factor using Moore and Burch's method after calculating the slope length using the digital elevation model and the maximum allowable slope length. The LS factor and the USLE formula were used to estimate the amount of soil loss that could be reduced by ditch restoration. The analysis showed that the ditch restoration could reduce about 16.6% of the soil loss in the Jaun-district. The results of this study will contribute to the study of methods to reduce soil loss in non-point pollution management areas.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1099-1105
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• 2007

In this paper, modified two-port time-domain passivity approach is proposed for stable bilateral control of teleoperators under time-varying communication delay. We separate input and output energy at each port of a bilateral controller, and propose a sufficient condition for satisfying the passivity of the bilateral controller including time-delay. Output energy at the master port should be less than the transmitted input energy from the slave port with time-delay, and output energy at the slave port should be less than the transmitted input energy from the master port with time-delay. For satisfying above two conditions, two passivity controllers are attached at each port of the bilateral controller. A packet reflector with wireless internet connection is used to introduce serious time-varying communication delay of teleoperators. Average amount of time-delay was about 190(msec) for round trip, and varying between 175(msec) and 275(msec). Moreover some data packet was lost during the communication due to UDP data communication. Even under the serious time-varying delay and packet loss communication condition, the proposed approach can achieve stable teleoperation in free motion and hard contact as well.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 2015

Neurological deficits after brain surgery are not uncommon, and correct and prompt differential diagnosis is essential to initiate appropriate treatment. We describe a patient suffering from loss of consciousness due to hyperammonemia, following valproic acid treatment after surgery for an unruptured cerebral aneurysm. A 57-year-old female patient underwent successful aneurysmal neck clipping to correct an unruptured aneurysm. Her postoperative course was good, and she received anti-epileptic therapy (valproic acid) and a soft diet. Within a few days the patient experienced mental deterioration. Her serum valproic acid reached toxic levels (149.40 mg/L), and serum ammonia was fifteen times the upper normal limit (553 mmol/L; normal range, 9-33 mmol/L). After discontinuation of valproic acid and with conservative treatment, the patient recovered without any complications. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is an unusual but serious neurosurgical complication, and should not be disregarded as a possible cause of neurological deficits after neurovascular surgery. Early diagnosis is crucial, as discontinuation of valproic acid therapy can prevent serious complications, including death.