• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.81-98
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• 2003

In modern society, there are diverse sorts of VIPs including a king and individuals. Some like a king or president are in need of professional secret services, and others become VIPs by being guarded by a bodyguard company at their own request. The former is called a public guard, and the latter is a private one. In the field of the public guard, the nation should be furnished with a guard system in consideration of political circumstances to protect VIPs. That is, the parliamentary cabinet system and presidential system call for a different guard system, and the guard system's professional features vary to some degree with political situations and cultural climate. If the ultimate goal of guard is to protect the chief of the democratic and open state in a most efficient and safe manner, it's mandatorily necessary to set up a professional and specialized guard organization to provide democratic and efficient secret services. It's desired that the domestic presidential guard division should be staffed with not only expert guards but other personnels dispatched from the military and police. In the police, guard mission is splitted among various guard and security agencies, including the National Police Agency's public security bureau or the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency's public security division, 101 security unit, mobile police and 22 special guard division. As a chain of command is separated and it's difficult to manage such organizations effectively, the National Police Agency should be exclusively in charge of VIP guard and security. In the area of private guard, the private police system has shared national security task as a middle organization between the private police and private guard. But now its intent has gradually weakened, and its mission should be redefined. In addition, the way people look at private guard should change, and they should be well informed that it could serve to prevent possible crimes, protect them against crimes and get rid of their inconveniences. To make a good impression on people, the guard associations and businesses should put their efforts into reinforcing publicity activities, and the government, academic circles and press should team up with them as well.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different surface treatment methods on the bond strength between aged composite-resin core and luting agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventy-five resin composites and also seventy-five zirconia ceramic discs were prepared. 60 composite samples were exposed to thermal aging (10,000 cycles, 5 to $55^{\circ}C$) and different surface treatment. All specimens were separated into 5 groups (n=15): 1) Intact specimens 2) Thermal aging-air polishing 3) Thermal aging- Er:YAG laser irradiation 4) Thermal aging- acid etching 5) Thermal-aging. All specimens were bonded to the zirconia discs with resin cement and fixed to universal testing machine and bond strength testing loaded to failure with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fractured surface was classified as adhesive failure, cohesive failure and adhesive-cohesive failure. The bond strength data was statistically compared by the Kruskal-Wallis method complemented by the Bonferroni correction Mann-Whitney U test. The probability level for statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. RESULTS. Thermal aging and different surface treatment methods have significant effect on the bond strength between composite-resin cores and luting-agent (P<.05). The mean baseline bond strength values ranged between $7.07{\pm}2.11$ and $26.05{\pm}6.53$ N. The highest bond strength of $26.05{\pm}6.53$ N was obtained with Group 3. Group 5 showed the lowest value of bond strength. CONCLUSION. Appropriate surface treatment method should be applied to aged composite resin cores or aged-composites restorations should be replaced for the optimal bond strength and the clinical success.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.174-192
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• 1998

These day in the Quality Assurance System, it required that computer system is able to utilize SQC and ISO 9000 series, just then. However. because SQC is necessary to special branch of statistical experience, it is very hard to use and have a bound in that apply to practical business. Therefor in this paper, we proposed the software system which is control, at the same time, SQC and ISO 9000 series, in addition to avail without statistical knowledge. For the shake of this point, the substance of this study is largely separated dual part that ISO 9000 system for which is limited to use design of basic system, test, experiment, tracking incongruent part, analysis condemned goofs, and SQC system for which is to limited to use control chart, estimate, statistical testing, design of experiment(DOE) which used to commonly in Quality Control System. Expected efficiency of this paper is to set Qualify Management System, transfer qualify consciousness, satisfy the customer, increase reliability, in particular, it is expected that it is very useful to minor enterprises of manufacturing-centered.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2020

PA(postero-anterior) and AP(antero-posterior) chest projections are the most sought-after types of all kinds of projections. But if a radiological technologist puts wrong information about the position in the computer, the orientation of left and right side of an image would be reversed. In order to solve this problem, we utilized CNN(convolutional neural network) which has recently utilized a lot for studies of medical imaging technology and rule-based system. 70% of 111,622 chest images were used for training, 20% of them were used for testing and 10% of them were used for validation set in the CNN experiment. The same amount of images which were used for testing in the CNN experiment were used in rule-based system. Python 3.7 version and Tensorflow r1.14 were utilized for data environment. As a result, rule-based system had 66% accuracy on evaluating whether the orientation reversal on chest x-ray image. But the CNN had 97.9% accuracy on that. Being overcome limitations by CNN which had been shown on rule-based system and shown the high accuracy can be considered as a meaningful result. If some problems which can occur for tasks of the radiological technologist can be separated by utilizing CNN, It can contribute a lot to optimize workflow.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.12A
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 2003

In terrestrial data broadcasting, we are just on the beginning stage in all aspects including implementation and design techniques and only asynchronous data processing has been receiving a little study. In this paper, we therefore propose an efficient processing algorithm for synchronization of asynchronous data by using trigger information to make more diverse service possible with a variety of contents. In the proposed algorithm, trigger data is encapsulated in DSM-CC section and transmitted in a form of MPEG-2 TS. The data is then separated in PC type set-top box and detached asynchronous data and trigger data are stored by the proposed algorithm. Pre-loaded asynchronous data is displayed when STC(system time clock) has the same value as PTS(presentation time stamp). Proper operation of the proposed algorithm was verified by using a content of asynchronous data with extensible markup language(XML) and a declarative application(DA) browser.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

Need color separation process to appear number of minimum printing plate waterway maximum printing color at printing process. This time, printing plate is separated three primary colors of C(cyan), M(magenta), Y(yellow). Appear all colors of printing such three primary colors. But, three primary color ink appears 100% dark gray that is not clean as chroma is neared color to 0 because is not pure. As well as, the ink area rate that is whole by over print amount increase of three primary is expanded. As a result, influence in secondary printablity set-off growth by inaccurate color reproduction and ink dry badness, trapping efficiency decline etc.. Apply ink saving method that is replaced as K ink in consisted dark color constituent because three primary colors are over print each other adding one more K(black) plate by method to improve these problem. Therefore, can reduce extension of the total ink area rate, and help in correct color appearance control. As well as, eco-friendly printing process attains improving printablity at the same time curtailment of printing expense by reducing requirement of total ink. Usually, there are UCR(under color removal) and GCR(gray component replacement) to ink saving application method. But, the practical use limit is insufficient state to tribe of technological investigation or field application about these method in domestic printing field. Therefore, in this research, ink saving been bringing by one method of eco-friendly printing confirmed that is applicable in usual domestic printing environment. Also, searched result getting in printablity by ink saving application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1175-1185
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• 2004

This study evaluated thermo-physiological and subjective properties of improved disposable coveralls for railroad carriage maintenance through climatic chamber trials and a filed study. Subjects wore five kinds of disposable coveralls (Type A: a disposable coverall on the market, Type B: a coverall with an improved hood and size-adjustable design, Type C: a coverall with a portable hood, Type D: a coverall with small holes for ventilation, Type E: a sleeveless coverall, Type F: a separated type of coverall with half sleeves) The air temperature in the climatic chamber was set in 9$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$ For each condition, subjects simulated the railroad work for 120min. and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were measured. The results of chamber trials showed rectal temperature and clothing microclimate did not display significant differences by clothing type. In 30$^{\circ}C$ air temperature, mean skin temperature was higher in Type E and Type F than in Type A(p＜0.05) but between the improved coveralls(B-F), we could not find any significant difference. In the case of thermal comfort, the most preferred types were Type B and Type C in 9$^{\circ}C$ and Type F in 30$^{\circ}C$. All subjects felt more comfortable in the improved coveralls than in coveralls of the market (Type A). In field study, workers preferred Type B, Type C and Type F to Type A but the most favorite type differed by the specific type of work. Especially, workers were dissatisfied that Type D tore easily due to lots of small holes around the armpits and Type I did not protect workers＇ shoulder and arms from oil contamination. According to the climatic chamber trials and field study, the most effective coveralls were Type B and Type C for winter and Type F for summer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2016

Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented vegetable food, the production of which involves brining of Korean cabbage, blending with various other ingredients (red pepper powder, garlic, ginger, salt-pickled seafood, etc.), and fermentation. Recently, kimchi has also become popular in the Western world because of its unique taste and beneficial properties such as antioxidant and antimutagenic activities, which are derived from the various raw materials and secondary metabolites of the fermentative microorganisms used during production. Despite these useful activities, analysis of the microbial community present in kimchi has received relatively little attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial community structure from the raw materials, additives, and final kimchi product using the culture-independent method. Specifically, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the 16S rRNA partial sequences of the microflora. One primer set for bacteria, 341F^GC-518R, reliably produced amplicons from kimchi and its raw materials, and these bands were clearly separated on a 35-65% denaturing gradient gel. Overall, 117 16S rRNA fragments were identified by PCR-DGGE analysis. Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc gelidum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were the dominant bacteria in kimchi. The other strains identified were Tetragenococcus, Pseudomonas, Weissella, and uncultured bacterium. Comprehensive analysis of these microorganisms could provide a more detailed understanding of the biologically active components of kimchi and help improve its quality. PCR-DGGE analysis can be successfully applied to a fermented food to detect unculturable or other species.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

An analytic method was developed for the quantitation of $\Delta$$^{9}-$ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) in human hair. After hair samples were pulverized using Freezer Mill, deuterated internal standards were added and digested in 1 N NaOH at $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for 30 min. Digest solutions were extracted by 5 ml hexane：ethyl acetate (90：10) after acidification with acetic acid. The organic phase was evaporated under N 2 and derivatized by BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) at $85^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. The derivatized solution was separated on HP-5MS column ($30m{\times}0.25mm{\times}0.25mm$) and detected using EI-GC-MS with selective ion monitoring mode. The assay of calibration was ranged from 5 to 100 ng/50 mg hair ($r^2$＞0.99) for THC and THC-COOH. Within and between-run precision were calculated at 6, 30, 60 ng/50 mg hair with coefficients of variation less than 11%. Within and between run accuracies at the same concentrations were$\pm$14% and $\pm$30% of target for both analytes, respectively. Absolute and relative recovery at 10 and 100 ng were 60∼91％. The method was used to detect and quantify THC and THC-COOH in cannabis abuser's hairs (N = 16) and SRM (N=5, THC 1 ng/mg, NIST). We detected THC and THC-COOH in only one hair sample. In SRM, % accuracy was 93% (range 86∼103%) and precision (% CV) was 8.14. We began to set up a quantitative analysis of THC and THC-COOH using EI-GC-MS. Continuously, we need to modify and develop this method in order to apply for identification in cannanbis users' hair.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2021

Background: Healthcare settings have been recognized among the most hazardous places to work. Based on the five categories of occupational hazards that were identified by the ILO and WHO, this study aimed to analyze policy framework relevant to occupational health protection of health workers (HWs) in public health service in China, then discussed how to share the experience of the National Health Service (NHS) England for improvement. Methods: Based on policy learning theories, policy analysis and qualitative interview were used in this study. Results: In the Chinese public health service, at least five laws related to the regulation of occupational health protection for HWs; however, enforcement of relevant laws was separated and multi-centered; the national monitoring system, which targeted to occupational hazards and health outcome for HWs in China, had yet to be developed; the top three priorities were workplace violence, bloodborne pathogens, and musculoskeletal disorders; national strategies included Security Hospital, and Healthy China 2030. In NHS England, three laws were fundamental; several monitoring systems had been set up, including NHS Staff Survey, Commissioning for Quality and Innovation incentive scheme; mental health, musculoskeletal problem, and nutrition disorder and overweight were raised great concern; Health and Safety, and NHS Healthy Workforce Program were critical nationwide strategies. Conclusion: There were several similarities as well as differences between the Chinese public health system and NHS England, which laid foundation of learning by China. Recommendations of improving occupational health policies in China were provided, based on the lessons learned from the NHS England.