• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 1983

Two major and two minor polyacetylenes were isolated from fresh white Korean ginseng roots. The petroleum ether-ethyl ether fractions containing the polyacetylene compounds were collected through solvent fractionation, partition and silica gel column chromatography. Further separation of polyacetylenic fractions was proceeded by bonded normal phase HPLC utilizing a moderately nonpolar microparticulate column. The low pressure liquid chromatography was used for the semi-preparative separation. The chemical structures of the two major polyacetylenes separated were determined by UV, IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. One of them is identified to be heptadeca-1-en-4, 6-diyne-3, 9, 10-triol, a new structure, and the other is heptadeca-1, 9-dien-4, 6-diyn-3-ol, known as panaxynol.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2000

We investigated that the extract of Aloe vera L. and its fractions exert antimutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, and antileukemic effect against K562 human leukemia cell line. The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. vera L. was revealed to have antimutagenic effect on the AF-2 (2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide) in Salmonella mutation assay. Among the three fractions (fractions A, B and C) separated by silica gel chromatography, fraction C $(50\;{\mu}g/plate)$ exhibited the greatest antimutagenic effect on the AF-2 with inhibition rate of 84 and 90% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. The fraction C $(500\;{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited the growth of K562 human leukemia cell line by 93% in MTT assay. However, the components of A. vera L. did not exhibit cytotoxic effect against MDBK bovine normal kidney in MTT assay.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.2 s.62
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• pp.186-194
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• 2006

Nitrogen dynamics of Seagrass Zostera marina were investigated in both Dongdae Bay and Ojiri from March to August, 2004. All seagrass samples were separated into four fractions such as leaves (new and adult), sheath and rhizome in order to understand temporal variations of nitrogen content in different fractions of Zostera marina. There are temporal variations of shoot production rates and total nitrogen contents in their different fractions at both study areas. Leaf production were almost 4 to 5 fold higher in summer than in winter. The irradiance is the primary factor controlling the leaf production of Zostera marina in both sites although water temperature also influence its productivity. Nitrogen contents of leaves were overall low in summer than in winter, but nitrogen content of rhizome increased during the summer season. In addition, nitrogen contents of new leaves were mostly higher than adult leaves in spite of lower nitrogen content of new and adult leaves in high productivity period. This result suggests that Zostera marina seems to have significant translocation ability of nitrogen in a shoot. The nitrogen content of leaf tissue may reflect nutritional nitrogen availability.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2007

In this study, we evaluate anti-oxidation, whitening and anti-inflammatory efficacies of Euphorbia jolkini extract for application as a cosmeceutical ingredient. We separated 5 fractions from Euphorbia jolkini extract (70 % MeOH) by MPLC. First and 5th fractions showed a supressive effect on Mn-SOD synthesis in the normal human fibroblasts. They inhibited melanogensis in the B16-F10 melanma cells. Furthermore, 1st and 5th fractions reduced the amounts of $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-II and total NO secreted from the normal human fibroblasts. These results suggest that Euphorbia jolkini extract may be used as an active ingredient in cosmetics.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2016

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid. Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavus R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 1996

Natural human epidermal growth factor (nhEGF) was purified from pregnant human urine by benzoic acid adsorption, DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange, and immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified nhEGF was further separated into four fractions using Bondapak C$_{18}$ HPLC system. Following characterization by Western blot analysis and double immu- nodiffusion, we found that each fraction corresponds to four derivatives of the nhEGF. For biological analysis of nhEGF, we optimized the labeling time and serum concentration for the incorporatioin of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy uridine (BrdU), a non-radioactive alternative for [$^{3}$H]-thymidine uptake, into NIH 3T3 cells. The DNA synthesis of NIH 3T3 cells was gradually increased at the nhEGF concentrations between 0.1 - 10 ng/ml in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 0.2% Fetal calf serum (FCS). When we assayed the biological activity of four fractions, the activity of the second fraction was superior to that of the others. Based on the results from the HPLC analysis spiked with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and amino acid sequencing, we concluded that the second fraction was nhEGF and the other three fractions were the derivatives of nhEGF. In addition, the proportion of nhEGF was approximately 46% is compared with that of the other three derivatives.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study was to examine the effects of P. oleracea into the HCl-ethanol induced gastritis in rats, and to isolate and determine the chemical compounds from P. oleracea. Methods : The rats were orally administered with crude extract or fractions or isolated compounds of P. oleracea 30 mins before the induction of gastric lesion by oral administration of HCl-ethanol. The gastric lesional area was measured using pixel counting software. Then the chemical compounds from P. oleracea was isolated and determined by LC-MS and NMR. Results : The inhibition effect of oral administration of crude extract of P. oleracea at a dose of 500 mg/kg in HCl-ethanol induced gastritis was similar to cimetidine. Then, aqueous fraction at a dose of 240 mg/kg exhibited the effects similar to cimetidine. Then, the aqueous fraction was further separated by MPLC and yielded four sub fractions. Among those sub fractions, agent II at a dose of 40 mg/kg possessed the strongest effect in the HCl-ethanol induced gastritis. The water fraction yielded-Uridine, Adenosine, Guanosine, which were characterized by Mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. Conclusions : This study suggest that a P. oleracea and its compounds showed potent efficacy on the development of HCl-ethanol induced gastritis. Thus, P. olaracea can be a potential natural resource for the management of gastritis although the mechanism of action involved in the treatment remains to be explored.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 1988

To find antitumor components from the higher fungi of Korea, the mycelia of Favolus alveolarius (Fr.) Quelet were cultured in a liquid medium. The cultured mycelia were extracted with hot water twice, and a high molecular weight fraction was obtained by adding two volumes of ethanol to the extract. Two grams of Fraction A were obtained by dialyzing it. It was further separated into four fractions by gel filtration with Sepharose CL-4B, and they were designated Fractions B, C, D, and E. The results of the antitumor test showed that Fractions A, B, C, D and E had tumor inhibition ratios of 92.3, 78.5, 59.6, 77.4 and 62.2%, respectively. Anthrone test was carried out to determine the contents of total polysaccharide of the five fractions, and they had 46.3, 27.3, 65.3, 64.6, and 46.1%, respectively. The contents of the total protein of the five fractions were 29.4, 13.9, 14.3, 14.3, and 29.1%, respectively. Monosaccharide subunits of each fraction were analyzed with gas chromatography, and glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and fucose were identified. Fraction A was examined for immunological effects. It increased the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells 12.8 times to that of the control group, and the population of macrophage in peritoneal cavity 3.2 times to that of the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1991

Dried seeds of Camellia japonica and Thea sinensis were investigated to determine the nature of their antioxidative activity. Activity was measured by the induction period in the coupled oxidation of a substrate lard and extracts or isolates to be tested. 70% methanol and dichloromethane extracts were found to be antioxidative abilities. Their unsaponifiables revealed weak antioxidative activity, although hexane extracts did not show antioxidative effect on lard. Column chromatography for dlchloromethane extracts gave 4 fractions(only 2 fractions were potent). HPLC was used in isolating potent antioxidative components from the column fractions and the precolumn-passed methanol extracts. They were separated into 7 and 8 components, respectively. The column fractions obtained from both seeds comprised trans-p-coumaric acid. trans-p-ferulic acid and an unknown component with minor components such as chlorogenic acid and catechin. On the other hand, the most prominent components in the methanol extracts were an unidentified component. trans-pcoumaric acid, trans-p-ferulic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid. The unknown compound isolated from the column fractions and methanol extracts was identified as epicatechin by $^1H-and\;^{13}C-NMR$. The antioxidative activities of these components were epicatechin > catechin > chlorogenic acid > trans-p-ferulic acid > trans-p-coumaric acid.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

We determined the effects of follicular fluid fractions in the maturation medium on bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development, as well as on number of cells in blastocysts following culture. Follicular fluid and oocytes from bovine follicles less than 5 mm in diameter were collected from the ovaries of slaughtered cows. Follicular fluid was separated into different molecular weight fractions by untrafiltration through a membrane using a centrifuge at 500$\times$g, for 2h. For the maturation medium, follicular fluid fractions (30%, v/v), whole fluid (30%) or PVP(3mg/ml) were added to TCM 199(0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol-17$\beta$, 100IU hCG). After maturation for 24h, oocytes were fertilized in vitro with bull frozen-thawed spermatozoa and cultured on a monolayer of granulosa cells for 9 days after fertilization. There were no differences in maturation rates or fertilization rates among any maturation conditions. The rates of development to >2-cell stage of the oocytes were significantly decreased when fraction of follicular fluid below 10,000 MW were added into maturation medium, compared with control and fraction above 10,000 MW(26.0% vs 40.8% to 64.0%, respectveily. p<0.01). Likewise, the rates of development to blastocysts of fertilized oocytes were significantly decreased in maturation medium containing fraction of follicular fluid (<10,000 MW). The average cell number of blastocysts derived from oocytes that matured in the fraction(>10,000 MW) of follicular fluid was 154.7$\pm$13.7. These embryos contained more cells than those matured in whole follicular fluid, or the fraction(<10, 000 MW) of follicular fluid or control(107.0$\pm$8.4, 91.8$\pm$11.8 and 95.8$\pm$6.2, respectively). In conclusion, we found that fractions of follicular fluid contained factors stimulating or inhibiting oocyte cytoplasmic matruation. These suggest that a factor(s) inducing cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes may exist in >10,000 MW fraction of follicular fluid.