• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

Bovine whey protein expression patterns of colostrum are much different from that of milk. Moreover, bovine colostrum is an important source of protective, nutritional and developmental factors for the newborn. However, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to date using a comparative proteomic method on the changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. This study therefore separated whey protein of days 1, 3, 7 and 21 after calving using two dimension electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins at different collection times were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to understand the developmental changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. The expression patterns of whey protein of days 1 and 3 post-partum were similar except that immunoglobulin G was down-regulated on day 3, and four proteins were found to be down-regulated on days 7 and 21 compared with day 1 after delivering, including immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, albumin, and lactotransferrin, which are involved in immunity and molecule transport. The results of this study confirm the comparative proteomic method has the advantage over other methods such as ELISA and immunoassays in that it can simultaneously detect more differentially expressed proteins. In addition, the difference in composition of milk indicates a need for adjustment of the colostrum feeding regimen to ensure a protective immunological status for newborn calves.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

Recently, the pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) is being used in studies as a method of using satellites for monitoring organisms. Because PSATs are attached directly on the organism being monitored, it is used mostly on larger species since the health of the organism is an important concern. For this reason, PSAT-based surveys are lacking in Korea with no studies on the physiological responses of organisms with PSAT attached. Accordingly, as a basic biomonitoring study using PSAT, the present study investigated the physiological changes in fish in response to the attachment of PSAT. The present study used red seabream (Pagrus major) and Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) as the experimental fish. The PSAT was attached to the muscle below the experimental fish's dorsal fin using a mono filament (n = 3). To investigate the changes in physiological responses according to PSAT attachment, blood samples were collected from all experimental fish, including the control (n = 3), at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after the attachment. Upon blood sample collection, whole blood was used to measure hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. After separating the plasma, the separated plasma was used to measure the GOT, GPT, glucose, total protein, and cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, the plasma cortisol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that attaching the tag did not have any impact on the immunity and stress response of the experimental fish. The findings in this study also demonstrated the possibility of using PSAT for studying relatively smaller species living in the coastal waters of Korea.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

In this study, we intend to present the uncontrolled landfill maintenance plans by diversely reviewing the operating conditions of landfill and environmental effects and economical issues resulted from the operation of landfill for the purpose of suggesting the optimal maintenance plans applicable to the uncontrolled landfill and unused landfill located in Korea. We perform the basic and precise surveys against three landfill sites showing the biggest problem out of 8 unsanitary landfills sites located in Y County. We compare and review the treatment plans prepared and operated by the N Landfill. The compared and reviewed results show that the local stabilization plan is more effective than the excavation and transfer treatment plan when considering the economic efficiency only. However, the excavation and transfer treatment plan is valid when considering the diverse elements. The G Landfill is operated with separated into living waste landfill section and construction waste landfill section. However, some landfill gas collection bores or holes are installed in its living waste landfill section, which has not been used for about 20 years, as a part of follow-up control. The element causing the environmental damage is considerably reduced in its living waste landfill section. However, the effort to keep the follow-up control through the local stabilization work is required. The landfill is under processing in the construction waste landfill section. However, most of buried wastes are the inorganic wastes such as waste materials and concrete, so the maintenance plan focused on the use of top land by installing the local stabilization facilities is considered as an effective plan. The landfill is under processing in the K Landfill. It seems to be difficult to maintain this landfill through the local stabilization. The excavation and transfer treatment plan to completely remove the potential environmental pollution source is considered as the valid plan.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

An automated carbonyl measurement system was constructed. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds were extracted onto DNPH containing collection solution while flowing through a glass coil. Each carbonyl species was separated on a HPLC column and quantified by UV absorption detector. Using this system, carbonyl compounds were continuously measured at the campus of Korea University in Seoul, Korea during June, 2005. Sampling resolution was 30 minutes and the detection limit of HCHO was 0.19 ppbv. Also, $\O_{3}$, it's precursors, and meteorological parameters were measured. The maximum, minimum, average, and median concentrations of HCHO during the whole experiment was 35.8 ppbv, 1.4 ppbv, 11.7 ppbv, and 9.3 ppbv respectively. Formaldehyde showed a distinct diurnal variation with a broad maximum around 13 $\sim$ 15, which was 1 $\sim$ 3 hours ahead of an ozone maximum. During a couple of days, however, HCHO concentrations were kept high through the night or increased concomitantly with NOx in the morning. These results imply that HCHO was mainly produced from the photochemical oxidation of VOCs, but local emission sources couldn't be ruled out. The differences between daily maximum and minimum of $O_{3}$ and HCHO were calculated for 11 days of June, when typical diurnal variations were observed for the two species. A strong positive correlation was found between $\Delta O_{3}$ and $\Delta HCHO$ and the average mole ratio of $\Delta HCHO$ to $\Delta O_{3}$ was 2.6. It indicates that formaldehyde played a key role in $\Delta O_{3}$ production as an indicator species in Metropolitan Seoul during June, 2005.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2011

자외선 차단제는 자외선의 흡수 기능을 갖는 유기 계열과 반사 기능을 갖는 무기계로 구분된다. 이들은 SPF지수로 평가되는데 in-vivo 실험은 높은 비용과 시간이 오래 걸리는 단점이 있어 in-vitro 평가가 연구에 많이 이용된다. 하지만 in-vitro 평가로 사용되는 SPF 평가 장치는 재현성이 매우 낮아 값에 대한 신뢰가 매우 어렵다. 또한, UV-vis spectrometer를 이용한 분석은 재현성은 높지만 투과/흡수/반사의 구분된 결과를 구하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 elipsometer는 높은 재현성과 투과/흡수/반사의 구분된 결과, 다양한 각도에서의 평가의 장점이 있어 자외선 차단제 평가에 매우 유용하다. 이를 위해 상업용 자외선 차단제를 다양한 방법으로 평가하여 elipsometer를 이용한 방법의 타당성을 알아보았다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

기존의 전파에 의존한 실내 위치측위 시스템의 한계점 발생으로 실내환경에서 정확도 향상을 위한 새로운 방법의 도입이 필요한 시점이다. 최근 생태계 모방 기술이 미래의 핵심기술이 되었고, 이에 따라 귀소본능을 가진 동물들이 지구자기장을 탐색하여 생체자석으로 위치친지에 사용하는 점을 적용한 정확한 위치 측위 방법을 연구하였다. 실내 위치측위를 위한 새로운 자원인 지구자기장의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 건물구조, 구성재료를 구분하고 실제 자기장센서를 탑재할 수 있는 구조물과 데이터수집 모듈을 설계한 뒤, Fingerprint 기법의 위치측위 시스템을 구성하여 위치측위 자원으로서의 지구자기장의 적용 가능성을 연구하였다. 위치측위 시스템 성능 평가에서 기존의 무선랜이 설치된 건물에서는 지구자기장 세기 기반의 위치측위 시스템이 무선랜 기반 위치측위 시스템과 유사하거나 약 20% 성능이 높이 나타났다. 이와같이 실내 위치측위를 위한 인프라 설치가 되어 있지 않는 환경에서는 지구자기장이라는 고유의 지구자원으로 실내 위치측위가 가능하다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

MANET(Mobile Ad hoc Network)은 두 대 이상의 이동 무선 단말로 구성되는 네트워크로 단말의 한정된 에너지 때문에 많은 제한성을 가지게 된다. MANET에서 특정 노드들의 조기 에너지 소진은 네트워크 성능에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 해결책으로 송, 수신지 사이에 가능한 많은 노드 비중첩 다중 경로를 구축하고, 각 경로상 노드가 가진 평균 에너지, 최소 에너지, 혹은 에너지 분산 값에 따라 다중 경로를 통해 패킷을 분산 전송한다. 에너지 정보 수집 방법을 크게 Static 방식과 Dynamic 방식으로 나누며, 수집하는 에너지 정보에 따라 Static-Average, Static-Minimum, Static-Variance, 그리고, Dynamic-Average, Dynamic-Minimum, Dynamic-Variance 등 6가지 방식으로 나누고, NS2 시뮬레이션을 통해 그 성능을 비교하고 평가한다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.151-164
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• 1998

Conclusion and the improvement plan according to the survey on recycling wastes in 'the program of woman and environmental education' mainly for the chairwomen of the women's association of the apartment house in City and County of Chungchongnamdo during the first half of 1998 (from March tp April) are as follows. 1. Conclusion 1) It showed that the rate of recognition for recycle has no difference by regional groups and the rate of recognition is 57.4% but they mainly know vaguely or they do not know. 2) It showed that the rate they do not know how the separated wastes are recycled is 30.4% and the scope of their knowledge is approximative.(52.6%) 3) It showed that it is the housewives who mainly do the separate garbage collection (72.7%) and 19.1% of the people have no interest in the separate discharge. 4) It showed that the rate they filter the garbage or remove water from the garbage at house is 53.1%. And 20% of the people in the urban region dump untreated wastes but 8.5% of the people in the rural region do the same, so the rate of using garbage in the rural region is higher than that in the urban region. 5) It showed that the separate state of the garbage is 29.2% for the removal of toothpick and paper and 47.4% for the removal of vinyl and stopper. 6) It showed that 66.7% of the motive for recycling waste is the education activity for environment by the women's association and SAEMAEUL association and 34.5% of that is the influence of TV and radio. 7) It showed that the rate of making compost and feed using garbage in the rural region is higher than that in the urban region and in some urban regions, the rate they sprinkle the garbage in provisional compost state on the floor garden is high. 8) It showed that the recognition rate for the material of separately collected garbage corresponding to the separate waste system of 5-6 classification is 12.5% 9) It showed that the major variable which has an effect on the recycle is the education activity for environment by the neighborhood meeting(P<0.05) and by the women's association of saemaeul activity(P<0.05)

• 비교문화연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.281-296
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• 2017

안드레이 아말릭의 희곡들은 70년 소비에트 희곡사에서 전무후무한 독특한 현상이다. 그것은 소비에트 희곡이 20세기 초 러시아 아방가르드의 성과를 고의적으로 망각한 지 반세기가 지난 뒤에, 동시대 서방의 실험적인 연극 실천들로부터 철저하게 고립된 소비에트의 연극 환경 속에서 느닷없이 출현한 괴물 같은 부조리 희곡이었다. 그런데 놀랍게도 아말릭의 희곡들은 현재의 러시아 내에서 뿐만 아니라 외국의 러시아 문학 연구자들 사이에서도 거의 잊혀져가고 있다. 소비에트 체제가 붕괴한 뒤, 러시아에서는 1991년에 아말릭의 수기가 발간된 것 말고는 작품집도 나오지 않았으며 그의 작품 세계에 대한 재평가 움직임도 눈에 뜨이지 않는다. 그러나 아말릭은 반드시 온당한 평가를 받아야 하는 작가이다. 그의 희곡에 대한 연구는 고골, 흘레브니꼬프, 마야코프스키, 오베리우 등으로 이어지는 러시아 그로테스크-부조리 극문학의 혈통을 복원하는 일이다. 이 논문에서는 그 작업의 한 시도로서 아말릭 희곡의 구성 메카니즘에 관해 알아보기로 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2086-2097
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• 2021

The current cultural assets are being restored depending on the opinions of experts (craftsmen). We intend to introduce digitalized artificial intelligence techniques, excluding the personal opinions of experts on reconstruction of such cultural properties. The first step toward restoring digitized cultural properties is separation. The restoration of cultural properties should be reorganized based on recorded documents, period historical backgrounds and regional characteristics. The cultural properties in the form of photographs or images should be collected by separating the background. In addition, when restoring cultural properties most of them depend a lot on the tendency of the restoring person workers. As a result, it often occurs when there is a problem in the accuracy and reliability of restoration of cultural properties. In this study, we propose a search method for learning stored digital cultural assets using AI technology. Pagoda was selected for restoration of Cultural Properties. Pagoda data collection was collected through the Internet and various historical records. The pagoda data was classified by period and region, and grouped into similar buildings. The collected data was learned by applying the well-known CNN algorithm for artificial intelligence learning. The pagoda search used Yolo Marker to mark the tower shape. The tower was used a total of about 100-10,000 pagoda data. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the probability of searching for a tower differs according to the number of pagoda pictures and the number of learning iterations. Finally, it was confirmed that the number of 500 towers and the epochs in training of 8000 times were good. If the test result exceeds 8,000 times, it becomes overfitting. All so, I found a phenomenon that the recognition rate drops when the enemy repeatedly learns more than 8,000 times. As a result of this study, it is believed that it will be helpful in data gathering to increase the accuracy of tower restoration.