• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2002

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic immune-mediated peripheral myelinopathy. The major clinical features include slowly progressive, painless, and asymmetric weakness, usually of distal limb muscle. Early in the course of the disease, weakness is not necessarily associated with muscle atrophy, owing to the initial primary involvement of peripheral myelin. Chronic progressive weakness is often associated with some degree of concurrent axonal loss and subsequent muscle atrophy. Sensory symptoms are usually mild or absent, and involvement of cranial and respiratory muscles is rare. The findings of multifocal motor conduction block, abnormal temporal dispersion, and focal conduction slowing at segments not at risk for common entrapment or compression injury, associated with normal sensory conduction studies along the same segments, are the hallmark electrophysiologic features of MMN. The slow progression and absence of upper motor neuron signs are the major clinical points that separate MMN from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The role of GM1 antibodies, found in high titers in 22~84% of MMN patients, remains uncertain. The contention that MMN is an autoimmune disorder is largely based on the often dramatic improvement in symptoms following the administration of intravenuos immunoglobulin or cyclophosphamide.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1602-1605
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• 2005

An audit tracer is one of the last ways to defend an attack for network equipments. Firewall and IDS which block off an attack in advance are active way and audit tracing is passive way which analogizes a type and a situation of an attack from log after an attack. This paper explains importance of audit trace function in network equipment for security and defines events which we must leave by security audit log. We design and implement security audit system for secure router. This paper explains the reason why we separate general audit log and security audit log.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1944-1947
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a dynamic-based compression system by creating mosaic background and transmitting the change information. A dynamic mosaic of the background is progressively integrated in a single image using the camera motion information. For the camera motion estimation, we calculate affine motion parameters for each frame sequentially with respect to its previous frame. The camera motion is robustly estimated on the background by discriminating between background and foreground regions. The modified block-based motion estimation is used to separate the back-ground region.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1474-1482
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an approach for extracting and filtering block motion vectors using an adaptive weight function. We first extract motion vectors from a sequence of images by using size-varibale block matching and then process them by adaptive robust estimation to filter out outliers (motion vectors out of concern). The proposed adaptive robust estimation defines a continuous sigmoid weight function. It then adaptively tunes the sigmoid function to its hard-limit as the residual errors between the model and input data are decreased, so that we can effectively separate non-outliers (motion vectors of concern) from outliers with the finally tuned hard-limit of the weight function. The experimental results show that the suggested approach is very effective in filtering block motion vectors.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 1997

An ATM switching system may be designed so that communications between processors of its control part can be performed via its switching network rather than a separate inter-processor communications (IPC) network. In such a system, there should be interfaces to convent IPC traffic from message format to cell format and vice versa, that is, mechanisms to perform the SAR (Segmentation And Reassembly) sublayer functions. In this paper, we concern the cell reassembly mechanism among them, mainly focussed on buffer management schemes. We consider a few alternatives to implement cell reassembly function block, namely, separated buffering, reserved buffering and shared buffering in this paper. In case of separated and reserved buffering, we employ a continuous time Markov chain for the performance evaluation of cell reassembly mechanism, judicially defining the states of the mechanism. Performance measures such as measage loss probability, mean number of message queued in buffer and average reassembly delay are obtianed in closed forms. In case of shared buffering, we compare the alternatives for implementing cell reassembly function block using simulation because it is almost impossible to analyze the mechanism of shared buffering by analytical modeling. Some illustrations are given for the performance analysis of the alternatives to implement cell reassembly function block.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.11
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• pp.140-151
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• 1996

In this study, we designed the routing structure and logic block of a SRAM cell-based FPGA with symmetrical-array architecture. The designed routing structure is composed of switch matrices, routing channels and I/O blocks, and the routing channels can be subdivided into single length channels, double length channels and global length channels. The interconnection between wires is made through SRAM cell-controlled pass transistors. To reduce the signal delay in pass transistors, we proposed a scheme raising the gate-control voltage to 7V. The designed SRAM cells have built-in shift register capability, so there is no need for separate shift registers. We designed SRAM cells in the LUTs(look-up tables) to enable the wirte operations to be performed synchronously with the clock for ease of system application. Each logic block (LFU) has four 4-input LUTs, flip-flops and other gates, and the LUTs can be used a sSRAM memory. The LFU also has a dedicated carry logic, so a 4-bit adder can be implemented in one LFU. We designed our FPGA using 0.6.mu.m CMOS technology, and simulation shows proper operation of a 4 bit counter at 100MHz.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2021

A comparative study was conducted to examine the effects of mixed and separate gender feeding on growth performance of Korean native chickens (KNC) against a white semi-broiler (WSB) and a commercial broiler (CB) over five weeks. 576 chicks were used with eight birds per cage in a randomized complete block design with 18 replicates per breed. For the KNC lines, three groups of male (M), female (F) and mixed-gender (FM) were used. Fresh water and feed were supplied on an ad-libitum basis. Birds were fed a standard starter (d 1 - 22) and grower diet (d 23 - 35). Body weight (BW), feed intake, and shank length (SL) were measured weekly. From the BW and feed consumed data, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The commercial broiler showed higher performance (p < 0.05) for all the indices measured for the entire period. The CB group consumed more feed and were more feed-efficient thus grew faster. This group was followed by the white semi-broiler and the KNC, in order. An intra-breed comparison for KNCs revealed that the males showed better growth performance with longer SL (p < 0.05) compared to the female and mixed-gender groups. The results showed that other than the breed type, mixed and separate gender feeding impacted on the growth performance of the two lines of Korean native chickens. Males for both lines of KNC generally performed better for the parameters measured, as determined by a greater BW and reduced FCR.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.391-396
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• 2010

This paper presents some important research result comparisons for multi function RF modules which use amplifier or frequency multiplier. By using multiplier, multi function module can be realized amply in comparison to multi band module which has separate block for each frequency band. Some com paring analysis among the switching method between separate amplifier and multiplier, the structure using frequency selective reflector, and the module using the defected ground structure. The multi function module which operates as amplifier or multiplier with input frequency is developed and input frequency suppression and output harmonics suppression can be improve d by using defected ground structure.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2020

Among the factors that must be taken into account when using thermal imaging cameras that are expanding their application to various fields, a basic study was conducted focusing on temperature on the effect of solar radiation on the photographed thermal image. Through all experiments, in order to use an image taken with a thermal imaging camera for an object installed or located outdoors, a separate temperature correction according to the size of solar radiation or a separate device to block the effect of solar radiation must be additionally installed. Since the temperature of the same object may vary in the thermal image taken indoors or outdoors, it is necessary to calibrate it through comparison with other temperatures as a reference point. In the case of measuring the temperature of a glossy surface such as metal indoors with a thermal imaging camera, it was confirmed that an environment that can remove the light reflection effect by the glossy surface must be constructed and photographed.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

Background: No study has compared lidocaine with articaine, each at a concentration of 4% and combined with epinephrine. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 4% lidocaine with that of 4% articaine, with a concentration of 1:100,000 epinephrine added to each, in an inferior alveolar nerve block for surgery on impacted lower third molars. Method: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand. The randomized, single-blind, comparative split-mouth study was carried out in patients with symmetrically impacted lower third molars, as identified on panoramic radiographs. Each patient underwent surgery for the removal of the lower third molars by the same surgeon under local anesthesia at two separate visits, 3 weeks apart. The onset and duration of local anesthesia, intra-operative pain, surgical duration, and number of additional anesthetics administered were recorded. Results: The subjective and objective onset of action for the local anesthetics showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). However, the intra-operative pain, surgical duration, duration of local anesthesia, and number of additional anesthetics administered did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The use of 4% articaine for the inferior alveolar nerve block was clinically more effective in the onset of subjective and objective anesthesia as compared with the use of 4% lidocaine. Based on the pain scores from the visual analogue scale, 4% lidocaine provided more analgesia during the procedure, and patients noted less intra-operative pain than with 4% articaine; however, the difference was not clinically significant.