• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the warning signs and its relationship with the other characteristics in acute stroke patients. Methods : 225 acute stroke patients were recruited at the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) of Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006. We evaluated their stroke type with brain MRI, their warning signs, and general characteristics such as age, sex, past history, risk factors, etc. Results : 225 subjects were included in the final analysis. In the subjects' general characteristics, the most common etiology of stroke was small vessel occlusion. In the assessment of the subjects' warning signs, the frequency of tension felt at the cervical area was highest followed by blepharospasm, sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation), one side paralysis or weakness, etc. After analyzing etiology, cerebral hemorrhage had more facial spasm sign and hypertension than cerebral infarction. On the other hand, cerebral infarction had more diabetes and sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation) than cerebral hemorrhage. Among stroke locations, subjects with their brain lesion in the cortex had more warning sings of motor dysfunction such as one side paralysis, or weakness. Multiple lesions showed a close relationship with smoking habit and were more common in males than in females. The under 65 years old group were more commonly associated with alcohol consumption, accidental mental stress and blepharospam than the over 65 years old group. In the group of under 65 years old, males more commonly had lesions in occipital lobe, alcohol consumption and smoking habit than females. Otherwise, females more commonly had vision dysfunction and blepharospasm than males. In the group of over 65 years old, males more commonly had cortex lesion than females. On the other hand, Females more commonly had accidental mental stress than males. Conclusions : We observed various warning signs and their distribution in acute stroke patients. The subjects' brainlesions and their etiology seemed to affect the features of the warning signs. Hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were also related to etiology of stroke and some habitual problems such as smoking and drinking seemed to reduce the age of stroke ictus. Although a concrete conclusion can hardly be drawn from this study, it reminds physicians of the importance of warning signs which appear among their patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 1995

Tetra-pak에 무균 포장된 약주(포장단위 500 ml)를 $4^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C$에 각각 19주간 저장하면서 2주 간격으로 저장 약주의 pH, 산도, 환윈당, 흡광도, 총세균수, 산생성 균수, 효모수, 곰팡이수 및 관능적 품질을 고사하였다. pH 및 환원당은 저장 19주 동안 저장온도에 관계없이 거의 변하지 않았다. 370 nm에서의 흡광도는 저장 온도가 높을 수록 저장 기간에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 총세균수는 저장 6주째 부터는 현저히 감소하였으며, 저장 14주 이후에는 10cfu/ml 이하로 떨어졌다. 산생성균도 초기 $4.6{\times}10^{3}cfu/ml$ 수준에서 8주 이후에는 저장온도에 관계없이 1 cfu/ml 이하로 감소하였다. 효모와 곰팡이는 살균포장된 모든 시료에서 발견할 수 없었으며 저장기간 중에도 나타나지 않았다. 저장 약주의 관능적 품질 변화는 3점 검사와 향미 요소에 대한 척도 채점법으로 평가하였다. 3점 검사에서 $4^{\circ}C$에 저장된 시료와 $20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C$에서 저장된 시료를 각삭 비교한 결과 6주 이후부터 시료간의 차이를 인식할 수 있었으며, 저장온도가 높을 수록 차이의 인식 정도가 더 뚜렷하였다. 대조구의 관능적 변화를 검증하기 위하여 19주 동안 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장된 시료와 살균 포장 직후의 치료에 대한 삼점 대비 실험을 한 결과 두 시료간의 차이를 인식하지 못하였다. 척도시험에서 알콜취와 신냄새의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았으나 상쾌한 냄새는 저장기간에 따라 저장 온도가 증가할 수록 뚜렷한 감소 추세를 보였으며 쓴맛과 떫은맛도 증가 추세를 나타내어 맛의 기호도는 감소하였다. 저장중의 전체적인 기호도는 뚜렷한 감소추세를 나타내었으며 이에 대한 반응속도 상수는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $7.93{\times}10^{-3},\;30^{\circ}C$에서 $9.69{\times}10^{-3},\;35^{\circ}C$에서 $13.49{\times}10^{-3}$이었다. 이 값들을 Arrhenius식에 대입하여 구한 활성화 에너지는 24.795 kJ/Kmol이었다. 이 값으로부터 결정한 살균 포장약주 명가의 상용 저장 수명은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 2년, $20^{\circ}C$에서 1년 4개월, $25^{\circ}C$에서 1년 2개월 이었다. 서울의 매월 평균 온도를 기준으로 계산할 때 본제품의 상용저장기간은 1년 8개월이었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy (MCIT) on the effected upper extremity of children with hemiparesis. Four children with hemiparetic upper extremity caused by brain injuries were trained by MCIT for ten weeks. During the same period, all of the subjects were also involved in thirty-minute regular physical therapy and occupational therapy. During the treatment period, the unaffected upper extremities of the subjects were restrained by a specially designed hand splint or a mitten for five hours a day, five days per week. For two hours out of the five-hour restraint period, the affected upper extremities were intensively trained by performing various functional tasks, which were individually structured to emphasize use of the affected arm. A single-subject design with A-B-A reversal was employed in this study. The affected limb motor ability was evaluated by Melbourne Assessment, measuring the time to grasp and release nine pegs, and measuring grasping power. As a consequence of this study, the affected limb motor test scores of all four subjects in the baseline period were improved during the treatment period. Furthermore, the treatment effect was maintained during a one-month follow-up period. The results of this study support the assumption that MCIT is an effective therapeutic method to improve the sensory and motor abilities of hemiparetic children. It also increases the frequency of functional use of the hemiparetic hands of brain-injured children. Based on the results of this study, it can also be assumed that the modified CIT method is especially beneficial to these children by reducing the negative emotional effects of forceful restraint of the unaffected upper extremity. To optimize the functional recovery of the paretic upper extremity by CIT, the restriction period per day should be decided individually, according to the characteristics of the individual.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.392-399
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• 1992

연구배경 : 호흡곤란은 호흡기질환 환자의 가장 흔한 주소이나 이를 감지하는 정확한 기전은 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 폐질환에서 호흡곤란의 심한 정도와 치료에 대한 반응을 측정하는 데 있어 객관적인 폐기능을 이용하여 왔으나 호흡곤란은 폐 환기능 뿐 아니라 심장, 폐질환, 심인적 요인 등을 반영한 복합적인 증상이므로 주관적으로 측정하는 호흡곤란지수(dyspnea index)를 사용하여 이러한 증상의 정도를 양적으로 측정하는 것도 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 방법 : 증상이 기관지천식 환자를 대상으로 Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 및 Borg Scale Dyspnea Index (BSDI)와 Spirometry를 검사전 휴식상태, methacholine 유발검사에서 양성을 나타내었을 때, 기관지확장제 투여후 각각 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 기저상태와 Methacholine 및 기관지확장제 투여후 시행한 폐기능검사 결과와 VAS 및 BSDI 간 상관관계는 없었다. 2) FEV1, FVC 및 MMFR 변화량과 VAS 및 BSDI 변화량 간에도 상관관계는 없었다. 3) 천식의 증상호소가 경미한 환자군이 증상호소가 심한 환자군 보다 methacholine 및 기관지확장제 투여 후의 VAS 및 BSDI의 변화가 더 컸다. 4) 호흡곤란지수중 VAS이 BSDI 보다 조금 큰 수치 및 변화량을 보였으며 두 지수 간의 상관관계를 볼 수 있었다(R=0.82). 결론 : 기관지천식 환자에서 기저상태 및 Methacholine 유발검사시에 객관적인 폐기능 검사 수치의 유의한 차이가 없음에도 불구하고 주관적인 호흡곤란지수는 변화하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 경중 천식군에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 호흡곤란지수는 환자 간의 비교척도로는 사용될 수 없으나 한 환자에서 경과관찰이나 치료효과를 판정하는데에 spirometry와 함께 중요한 지표가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

본 연구는 시 청각 피드백을 통해 아동의 운동 효과를 증진시킬 수 있는 의류형 웨어러블 동작 센싱 및 피드백 시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 직물 센서 제조 및 이를 적용한 스포츠웨어 디자인, 직물기반 동작 센싱 모듈 설계, 아동의 운동 흥미 유발을 위한 시 청각 피드백 시스템 개발 등의 일련의 연구를 수행하였다. SWCNT 기반의 동작 센싱용 신축성 직물 센서를 개발하고, 이를 의복의 사지 관절 부위에 부착한 스포츠웨어를 디자인하였으며, 센싱 모듈을 설계하여 아동을 대상으로 한 관절 동작 실험을 통해 센싱 성능을 검증하였다. 또한 악세서리 형태로 개발된 피드백 제품을 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 스포츠웨어를 착용한 아동의 동작에 따라 빛과 소리로 반응하도록 구현하였다. 본 연구의 결과로, 아동의 운동 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 아동용 스포츠웨어 및 악세서리 제품의 디자인 프로토타입을 제안하였다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

The occupational health nursing guideline for primary care was developed by the Korean Academic Society of occupational health nursing and the organization for occupational health nurses (currently known as the Korean Association of Occupational Health Nurses) in 1993. Since then, there have been many changes in the health care environment and job performance of occupational health nurses. Appropriate revisions are necessary of the guidelinea based on this background. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of the occupational health nursing guideline for primary care and to analyze the characteristics of primary care activities by occupational health nurses. The questionnaire was mailed to 150 occupational health nurses(OHNs) with the response rate of 64%. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. 65.6% of OHNs have been using the guideline for primary care and 75.9% of them agreed that the guideline was be helpful for their job. 2. Common symptom care, emergency care and chronic illness care were more frequently implemented than occupational disease care by OHNs. In manufacturing industries, emergency care was more frequently implemented than chronic illness care in contrast to the service industries. 3. Most frequent common symptoms treated by OHNs were indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and coughing. In the case of chronic illness, OHNs more frequently treated diseases of the gastro-intestinal system, skin and sensory organs, and the respiratory system. Emergency care for bruises, burn, and abrasions was more frequently provided. VDT syndrome was the most common occupational disease cared by OHNs in manufacturing and service industries. 4. OHNs prescribed the medicine for external application more frequently than internal medicine. Remedy for colds, analgesics, vitamins, and digestives were more frequently used. From these results, we suggest that the guideline should be revised to emphasize the activities consisting problem finding such as health assessment, physical examinations, monitoring and screening, and to renew the drug list in the range of over- the counter medication (OTC). In the future, the guideline will include the strategies for the role as the case manager.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.307-323
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• 1990

This Study was done to design and test an instrument to measure the health status of the elderly including physical, psychologyical and social dimensions. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17, 1990. Subjects were 412 older persons in Korea. A convenience sample was used but the place of residence was stratified into large, medium and small city and rural areas. Participants located in Sudaemun-Gu, Mapo-Gu, and Kangnam-Gu, Seoul were interviewed by brained nursing students, and those in Chungju, Jonju, Chuncheon, and Jinju by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by community health practioners working in Kungsang-Buk-Do, Kyngsang- Nam - Bo, Jonla Buk -Do, and Kyung Ki- Do. The tool developed for this study was a structured questionnaire based on previous literature and then tested for reliability and validity. This tool contained 20 physical health status items, 17 mental-emotional health status items and 38 social health status items. Physical health status items clustered in to six factors such as personal hygiene, activity, home management, digestive, sexual, sensory, and climination functions. Mental-emotional health status items clustered into two factors, mental health and emotional health. Social health status items clustered into seven factors, grandparent, parent, spouse, friend, kinships, group member and religious role functions. Data analysis included percentage, average, S.D., t-test and ANOVA. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The tool measuring the health status of the elderly and developed for this research had a relatively high reliavility indicated by a cronbach＝0.97793. 2. Average score of the subjects physical health status was 4, 054 in a 5 point likert scale, mentalemotional health status was 3.803, social health status was 2.939 and the total average was 3.521. The social status of the subjects was the lowest and the next was mental-emotional health status ; physical health status was the highest. 3. Educational background, perceived health status, the amount of pocket money were related to physical and mental-emotional health status and family structure was related mental-emotional physical and social health status. Occupation was related to physical and mental-emotional status. Area of residence was related to metal-emotional and social status. Source of living in the expeneses was related to physical and mental-emotional health status marital status to mental-emotional and social health status, and the number living in the home physical health status and religion to social health status. The following conciusions were derived from the above results ; 1. The health status of Korean elderly was relatively sound but social health status was the most vulnerable. The Social activity for Korean elderly is needed to improve social health. 2. Educational background, perceived health status and the amount of pocket money must be considered in the health assessment criteria of the elderly, Family structure, marial status, occupation, residence variables and sources of living expense must also be considered as significant. 3. A health education program based on the educational background of the elderly, and provision of an occupational socioeconomic welfare policy will be useful in order to increase social health status of Korean elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2011

Introduction: As dental implant surgery is becoming increasingly popular, it has become one of the causes for the hypesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve, along with other surgical procedures, such as a third molar extraction. In addition, it tends to cause legal problems between the operator and patient. Therefore, there must be a proper method that is reliable, objective and economical to assess the nerve impairment. For this reason, an attempt was made to use an Electric Pulp Tester to assess inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were tested. Electric pulp testing of the lower jaw skin was performed at the three different times, before anesthesia, at the onset of sensory changes and after 15 minutes waiting from the onset, and on the 10 points of the chin, which produced 10 sections on the skin area. Results: Twenty seven patients (90%) could feel the electric stimulus on the chin at all 10 points before local anesthesia and the scores represent the statistical differences between the right and left points except R4 and L4. After anesthesia, the difference between the right and left points (L3-R3, L4-R4, L5-R5) increased significantly with time but two points (L2, R2) showed no significant difference. The scores on the left chin (L3, L4, L5) increased, whereas the other points (R1-R5, L1, L2) showed no significant differences. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential clinical use of an electric pulp tester for an assessment of inferior alveolar nerve impairment.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2019

학습양식은 정보를 습득하고 처리하며 해석하고 조직화하는 도구를 의미한다. VARK(Visual Auditory Read Kinesthetic, VARK) 학습양식은 사용하는 감각양식에 따라 시각, 청각, 읽기/쓰기, 운동감각으로 구분된다. 국내 의과대학에서는 학습자 중심의 학습이 강조되지만 학습자의 VARK 학습양식에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 국내 의과대학 학생을 대상으로 VARK 학습양식을 조사하여 각 학습유형과 성별, 학업성취 수준이 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 전북지역 C의과대학·의학전문대학원에 재학 중인 394명의 학생이다. 학습양식검사는 VARK 웹 사이트에서 제공하는 Fleming이 개발한 VARK 검사지© 7.0 한국어버전, 총 16문항이다. 학업성취도는 표준화점수(t점수)로 변환하여 사용하였으며 학습유형에 대한 빈도분석과 집단별 비교를 위한 교차분석 및 분산분석(t-test, ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 학습선호 양식은 단일형이 87명(22.1%), 다중형이 307명(77.9%)이다. 남학생과 여학생 모두 4개 연합형인 VARK를 가장 선호하였다. 성별에 따른 전체 학습양식의 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 의학과 1학년은 단일형이 가장 낮고(8.8%), VARK 유형이 가장 높은 반면(47.8%), 의학과 4학년은 단일형이 가장 높고(30.7%), VARK 4개 연합유형(19.8%)과 3개 연합유형(19.8%)이 가장 낮았다. 모든 학습유형에서 학업성취도 차이는 확인되지 않았다(F=1.09, p=0.37). 의과대학 학생의 학습양식의 선호 결과는 추후 학습자 중심의 다양한 교수전략을 적용하는 기초 자료로서 의미가 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.348-360
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• 2011

연속적으로 추출한 커피액을 단계별로 일정량 취하여 관능검사를 실행한 결과 고형분의 함량을 시료별로 동일하게 희석하였음에도 에스프레소 추출의 경우 30 mL 이상, 드립커피에서는 200mL 이상 추출한 경우 향미는 감소하고 이취는 증가하여 과추출이 시작됨을 인지할 수 있었다. 이는 추출 단계별로 고형분 성분의 조성비의 변화가 있음을 의미하며 GC/MS로 성분비의 변화를 확인한 결과 4-ethylguaiacol은 통계분석 시 이취에 높은 상관관계를 보여주는 유효 향기성분인 동시에 커피의 재료, 배전도, 추출 방식에 상관없이 추출이 경과함에 따라 성분비가 직선에 가까운 상승비를 보이므로 과추출을 나타내는 지표 물질로 사용할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. Guaiacol과 4-vinylguaiacol은 이취와 통계적으로 높은 연관성을 보인 4-ethylguaiacol에 비해 향기 인지에 큰 영향을 미치는 ordor threshold value가 낮고 피크 면적 %는 큰 차이를 보이지 않으므로 과추출로 인한 이취에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨진다. 이들 성분이 과추출 인지점 이후 증가하는 피크 면적 %를 보이는 것은 세포벽을 구성하는 섬유질의 탄 맛이 일정량 계속 침출되기 때문으로 보인다. 인스턴트커피 및 농축 커피 용액 제조 시 관능검사 결과와 함께 GC/MS로 4-ethylguaiacol의 피크 면적 %결과를 비교 분석하면 용액의 추출수율과 관능적 품질 선호도 즉 경제성과 품질을 최적화할 수 있는 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.